英语句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。英语句子成份英语句子成份 和和简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型第1页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。英语句子成份Members of the Sentence第2页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。content什么是句子成份什么是句子成份CONTENTS定义：句子成份就是一个句子各个组成部分。句子成份有：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语定语、状语、补语、同位语第3页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。各个成份功效各个成份功效一、主语（一、主语（subject）：）：句子说明人或事物。主语句子说明人或事物。主语普通位于普通位于_。主语主要类型包含：名词、代词、数词、名词化形主语主要类型包含：名词、代词、数词、名词化形容词或容词或-ed-ed分词、不定式、分词、不定式、-ing-ing分词和分词和(主语主语)从句从句等。等。1名词充当主语。名词充当主语。Young people love pop music句首句首各个成份功效各个成份功效第4页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2代词充当主语。如：代词充当主语。如：It rains quite often in spring 3 数词充当主语。如：数词充当主语。如：Two plus two makes four Five will be enough4名词化形容词或名词化形容词或-ed分词充当主语。分词充当主语。如：如：The disabled are well taken care of各个成份功效各个成份功效各个成份功效各个成份功效第5页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。5不定式充当主语。如：不定式充当主语。如：To study hard is your duty Its not easy to look after a sick old man6-ing分词充当主语。如：分词充当主语。如：Spitting in public is not allowed Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主语主语 (真正真正)主语主语各个成份功效各个成份功效第6页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。7从句充当主语从句充当主语(该从句称作主语从句该从句称作主语从句)。That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 关联词主语关联词主语(从句从句)How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story 关联词主语关联词主语(从句从句)各个成份功效各个成份功效第7页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.二、谓语二、谓语二、谓语二、谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常。通常由由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系连系动词动词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.动词动词各个成份功效各个成份功效第8页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起组成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起组成谓语.They can speak English well.They will go there tomorrow.各个成份功效各个成份功效第9页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。三、宾语三、宾语 宾语宾语(object)表示动作承受者，在句中普表示动作承受者，在句中普通放在及物动词之后。通放在及物动词之后。宾语主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不定宾语主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不定式、式、-ing分词、从句等。分词、从句等。(能做主语词能做主语词)1名词充当宾语。如：名词充当宾语。如：Dry wood catches fire easily 2代词充当宾语。如：代词充当宾语。如：We can invite them to our party 各个成份功效各个成份功效第10页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3副词充当宾语。如：副词充当宾语。如：The athletes left there just now4不定式充当宾语。如：不定式充当宾语。如：Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分词充当宾语。如：分词充当宾语。如：You wont forget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 各个成份功效各个成份功效第11页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。6从句充当宾语。如：从句充当宾语。如：Do you know how serious the situation is?I dont understand what you mean 各个成份功效各个成份功效第12页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。双宾语双宾语有些及物动词能够有两个宾语有些及物动词能够有两个宾语:直接宾语直接宾语(Direct Object)和和间接宾语间接宾语(Indirect Object),称为双宾语称为双宾语.这两个宾语往往这两个宾语往往一个指人一个指人(普通为间接宾语普通为间接宾语),另另一个指物一个指物(普通为直接宾语普通为直接宾语).He gave me a book.间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语第13页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。间接宾语间接宾语普通放在普通放在直接宾语直接宾语之前。有时为了强调间之前。有时为了强调间接宾语接宾语，也能够将也能够将直接宾语直接宾语放在放在间接宾语间接宾语之前之前，要借助于介要借助于介词词toto或或forfor。He passed me the dictionary?（IOIO）（）（D D）He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress.（IOIO）（）（D D）She bought a beautiful dress for me.这类常见动词：这类常见动词：pass，show,give,lend,hand,offer,tell,send,bring等等这类常见动词：这类常见动词：buy,cook,get,make,sing等等。第14页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。注意注意:假如直接宾语是人称代词假如直接宾语是人称代词,则间接宾则间接宾语必须后置语必须后置,并在其前加上介词并在其前加上介词to或或for.Heres your report.Dont forget to show it to your parents.第15页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。表语主要用于表述主语特征，状态，身份等。表语主要用于表述主语特征，状态，身份等。它位于它位于_后，组成系表结构。后，组成系表结构。四、四、表语：表语：各个成份功效各个成份功效连系动词连系动词第16页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。系动词Add your title表示状态表示状态Add your titleAdd your titleAdd your title感官系动词感官系动词变得变得be一直保持一直保持keep，remain，stay看起来，似乎看起来，似乎seem，appearlook,sound,smell,taste,feelbecome,turn,fall,grow,get,go,come,run各个成份功效各个成份功效各个成份功效各个成份功效各个成份功效各个成份功效第17页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。a.名词名词b.His father is a teacher.c.b.代词代词d.This book is mine.e.c.形容词或分词短语形容词或分词短语 The leaves turn yellow in autumn.The teacher was satisfied with your work.The story is very interesting.第18页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。d.数词数词 One plus one is two.e.动词不定式或动名词短语动词不定式或动名词短语 My job is looking after her.What we want to do now is(to)lie down and rest.各个成份功效各个成份功效第19页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。f.副词或介词短语副词或介词短语 Sorry,my father isnt in.Tom is in Shanghai now.g.从句从句 The question is why we should put off the meeting.各个成份功效各个成份功效各个成份功效各个成份功效第20页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。五、五、五、五、定语定语定语定语:(attribute):(attribute):(attribute):(attribute)修饰主语、宾语和表语修饰主语、宾语和表语形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语、数词形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语、数词、代词、句子等都能够用来充当定语、代词、句子等都能够用来充当定语。在翻译时往往译为“”This is a lively and interesting class.后置定语后置定语There is something difficult to deal with.有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理有一些难题要处理这是一节生动有趣课这是一节生动有趣课这是一节生动有趣课这是一节生动有趣课前置定语前置定语第21页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。a.形容词形容词b.Newton is a famous scientist.c.b.名词名词d.Lets listen to the weather forecast first.第22页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。c.动名词动名词 Our school is going to build a swimming pool.d.分词短语或动词不定式短语分词短语或动词不定式短语 She is reading an interesting book.I have no pen to write with.第23页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。e.介词短语或副词介词短语或副词 I havent got the solution to the problem.I used to live in the room above.f.从句从句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.第24页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。六、六、六、六、状语状语状语状语:(adverbial):(adverbial):(adverbial):(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句句子状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句句子成份；成份；按用途分，可分为按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目标，时间，地点，原因，结果，目标，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随情况条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随情况等。等。第25页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。a.副词副词b.Who can write beautifully?c.b.介词短语介词短语d.Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside.e.c.分词短语分词短语f.Not knowing what to do I decided to give up.第26页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。d.动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 His mother often comes to see him.e.名词名词 Please come this way.f.从句从句 As soon as the teacher came in,all the students stood up.第27页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。七、七、七、七、宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语：复合结构：宾语宾补复合结构：宾语宾补nadj adv.介词短语分词短语与动词不定式各个成份功效各个成份功效v惯用带复合宾语动词惯用带复合宾语动词：think,consider,feel,find,want，have,see,hear,notice,make,get,leave,ask,keep.对动词后宾语进行补充说明。对动词后宾语进行补充说明。对动词后宾语进行补充说明。对动词后宾语进行补充说明。第28页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。I consider your brother a clever boy.I found the classroom empty.I saw him enter the room.I believe him to be honest.I heard the boy crying.He left the girl in the room.各个成份功效各个成份功效第29页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。八、八、同位语同位语 在一个句子中在一个句子中,一个名词或一个名词或代词代词,或相当于名词短语或或相当于名词短语或从句从句,放在另一个名词或代词放在另一个名词或代词之后之后,用以说明它性质或情用以说明它性质或情况况,被称为同位语被称为同位语(Appositive).可作可作同位语通常有同位语通常有:第30页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。a.名词名词b.This is my best friend,Tom.c.b.代词代词d.We all got a surprise.e.c.数词数词f.This prize is for you two.g.d.从句从句h.I had no idea that you were here.第31页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。主谓（宾主谓（宾主谓（宾主谓（宾/宾补）宾补）宾补）宾补）主系表主系表主系表主系表 就是一个最简单句就是一个最简单句子组成，被看作是句子主干。也就相当于一个人头子组成，被看作是句子主干。也就相当于一个人头部和躯干。并由此组成了英语五种基本结构部和躯干。并由此组成了英语五种基本结构1.S+V 主语谓语主语谓语2.S+V+P 主语系动词表语主语系动词表语3.S+V+O 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语4.S+V+o+O 主语谓语双宾语主语谓语双宾语5.S+V+O+C 主语谓语宾语宾补主语谓语宾语宾补第32页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。content1.S+V+P 主系表英语五种基本句型This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.第33页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。content2.S+V 主谓（不及物动词）英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型The sun was shinning.We all breathe,eat and drink.His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.第34页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。content3.S+V+O 主谓（及物动词）宾英语五种基本句型Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.第35页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。content4.S+V+o+O 主谓间宾直宾英语五种基本句型He brought you a dictionary.He showed me how to run the machine.第36页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。content5.S+V+O+C 主谓复合结构英语五种基本句型They painted the door green.We saw him out.He asked me to get back soon.第37页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。练习一：判断以下简单句是属于哪种句型。练习一：判断以下简单句是属于哪种句型。练习一：判断以下简单句是属于哪种句型。练习一：判断以下简单句是属于哪种句型。A 1.Plants need water.1.Plants need water.S+V+O S+V+O (主主主主 +谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾)2.The flower is so fresh.2.The flower is so fresh.S+V+P S+V+P (主主主主+系系系系+表表表表)3.They work hard.3.They work hard.S+V S+V (主主主主+谓谓谓谓)4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds.S+V+I O+DO S+V+I O+DO (主主主主+谓谓谓谓+间宾间宾间宾间宾+直宾直宾直宾直宾)5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.S+V+O+OC S+V+O+OC (主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾+宾补宾补宾补宾补)第38页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。B 6.He got angry.7.He got up.8.You will get a surprise.9.He got his shoes wet.10.He got her a present.小结：同一动词在不一样句型里使用方法也不尽其同小结：同一动词在不一样句型里使用方法也不尽其同。S+V+P S+V+P (主主主主+系系系系+表表表表)S+V+O S+V+O (主主主主 +谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾 )S+V S+V (主主主主+谓谓谓谓)S+V+O+OC S+V+O+OC (主主主主+谓谓谓谓+宾宾宾宾+宾补宾补宾补宾补)S+V+I O+DO S+V+I O+DO (主主主主+谓谓谓谓+间宾间宾间宾间宾+直宾直宾直宾直宾)第39页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。练习二:翻译 1.太阳从东方升起来了。2.她喜欢看书。3.他脸红了。4.我给他看我照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。The sun is rising in the east.She likes reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.第40页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。温馨提醒：复杂英语句子都是基于五种简单句，在前面或后面增加一些修饰语加以扩大、组合、省略或倒装。我们只需要理清句子主干就能够正确把握句子意思。这些修饰语能够是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也能够是各种类型短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。第41页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。We found the hall full.我们发觉礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个主要汇报。第42页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报一位同志作相关东欧局势主要汇报。第43页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。简单句基本句型1.1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 3.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语4.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾间接宾语语+直接宾语直接宾语5.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 +宾语补足语宾语补足语Summary第44页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.In the modern city,there are some problems,such as air pollution,crowdness and noise.In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life.There,the air is fresh and the water is clean.I can hear birds singing in the green trees.I can also go boating,fishing,and swimming in the lake.All this will be interesting and good for my health.So I want to go to the countryside for a change.Homework:1.指出以下句子属于指出以下句子属于5种简单句哪一个类型。种简单句哪一个类型。第45页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.利用利用5 5种简单句写一篇短文。种简单句写一篇短文。（任选一题）（任选一题）My School Life My Family My Hometown第46页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。第47页