1、1 英语长句普通都是形体长、词数多、英语长句普通都是形体长、词数多、结构复杂句子。主要因修饰成份多、并结构复杂句子。主要因修饰成份多、并列成份多或结构层次多而形成。其中现列成份多或结构层次多而形成。其中现有并列句,又有复合句,也有简单句。有并列句,又有复合句,也有简单句。当然,长句中并列句和复合句百分比最当然,长句中并列句和复合句百分比最大,简单句相对要少一些。大,简单句相对要少一些。长句翻译长句翻译Translation of Long SentencesTranslation of Long Sentences第1页2 英语长句多用于书面语体,如政英语长句多用于书面语体,如政论、科技语体。
2、论、科技语体。英语长句经常是一个主句带有若英语长句经常是一个主句带有若干个从句,从句中又夹着短语,短语干个从句,从句中又夹着短语,短语又帮衬着从句,从句套从句,短语接又帮衬着从句,从句套从句,短语接短语,一步接一步、一环扣一环,相短语,一步接一步、一环扣一环,相互交叉、相互依附、相互制约、相互互交叉、相互依附、相互制约、相互解释、相互说明、相互渗透,使句子解释、相互说明、相互渗透,使句子显得十分冗长。显得十分冗长。第2页3 像这种英语长句,翻译时,可像这种英语长句,翻译时,可考虑采取层次翻译法,首先对原文考虑采取层次翻译法,首先对原文进行意义分析、切块拆分,按照汉进行意义分析、切块拆分,按照汉
3、语习惯做文字增删、结构调整,依语习惯做文字增删、结构调整,依据逻辑关系重组语言,合理转换语据逻辑关系重组语言,合理转换语码。码。小节结束第3页4例例1:It was originally surmised that different bodies fell to the ground at rates proportional to their respective weights,but,towards the end sixteenth century,Galileo contended that the rate of fall was the same for all bodiesp
4、rovided gravity were the only force actingand he attributed the slower rate of fall observed on the case of a light body to the resistance of the air,which exerted a relatively greater effect on a light body than on a heavy body of the same size and shape.Itwasbut,Galileocontendedandheattributedthea
5、irthatthatwaswhichgreater(主语从句)(宾语从句)(定语从句)provided(虚拟条件状语从句)【译译文文】原原先先人人们们曾曾猜猜测测,不不一一样样物物体体落落到到地地面面上上速速度度是是与与各各自自重重量量成成正正比比。不不过过到到了了十十六六世世纪纪末末,伽伽利利略略果果断断主主张张,若若重重力力是是惟惟一一作作用用力力,则则全全部部物物体体降降落落速速度度都都是是相相同同,他他还还认认为为,人人们们观观察察到到轻轻物物体体降降落落速速度度较较慢慢是是因因为为空空气气阻阻力力引引发发,因因为为空空气气阻阻力力对对轻轻物物体体影影响响要要比比对对一样大小一样形状重
6、物体影响大得多。一样大小一样形状重物体影响大得多。第4页1.顺译法2.逆译法3.拆分法第5页4.1.1 顺译法顺译法就是英语长句所叙述内容逻辑和次序与汉语表示相一致时,能够直接按照原文次序翻译。第6页Sometimes an innocent person who is involved in an accident is crippled for life and the person who caused the accident might not have the money to pay him for years but the insurance company does.有时事
7、故中无辜受害者终生残废,而肇事者就是拖上几年也拿不出钱来赔偿,可是保险企业却赔得起。第7页 这个句子含有两个并列定语从句。句子共有三层意思(一)事故中无辜受害者终生残废,(二)肇事者就是拖上几年也拿不出钱来赔偿,(三)可是保险企业赔得起。这三层内容逻辑和汉语表示是一致,所以我们能够把它顺译出来。普通来说,当句子按时间来描述动作发生先后次序,或者每个分句之间是并列关系时,多采取顺译法。第8页9The testing,the launching and the recovery are indications 主语主语 谓语谓语【译译文文】原原子子弹弹、氢氢弹弹、导导弹弹试试验验成成功功,人人造造
8、地地球球卫卫星星发发射射成成功功和和准准确确回回收收,集集中中标志着我国科学技术到达新水平。标志着我国科学技术到达新水平。The successful testing of atomic and hydrogen bombs and guided missile and the launching and accurate recovery of man-made earth satellites are important indications of our new level in science and technology.第9页10课堂互动课堂互动1:用顺译法翻译以下句子用顺译法翻
9、译以下句子(参考译文)参考译文)7.The development of industrial technology largely strengthened human physical capabilities,enabling people to harness more energy,process and shape materials more easily,travel faster,and so on while the development of microelectronics extends mental capabilities,enabling electric“i
10、ntelligence”to be closely related to a wide range of products and processes.【译译文文】工工业业技技术术发发展展大大大大增增强强了了人人体体力力,使使人人们们能能更更广广泛泛地地利利用用能能源源,更更方方便便地地对对材材料料进进行行加加工工和和成成型型,更更加加快快地地进进行行旅旅游游等等等等,而而微微电电子子学学发发展展则则增增强强了了人人智智力力,使使电电子子“智能智能”用于各种各样产品和过程。用于各种各样产品和过程。第10页4.1.2 逆译法很多情况下,英语表示次序和汉语表示次序有很大不一样,甚至完全相反。这就要
11、求翻译时,要仔细分析英语长句结构,将原文句子或进行局部调整,或进行总体调整,以到达使译句符合汉语习惯表示和叙事逻辑次序目标。第11页12 逆逆着着或或基基本本逆逆着着原原文文词词序序或或句句序序进进行行翻翻译,词序与思维方式和表示习惯相关。译,词序与思维方式和表示习惯相关。汉汉语语时时空空观观上上大大致致遵遵照照逆逆序序法法,即即由由大大至至小小,由由远远及及近近,由由重重而而轻轻;而而英英语语时时空空观观大致遵照次序法在表示法上多有不一样。大致遵照次序法在表示法上多有不一样。英英语语长长句句叙叙述述层层次次、表表示示习习惯惯不不一一样样于于汉汉语语,假假如如按按原原文文次次序序翻翻译译就就会
12、会感感到到译译文文含含糊糊,不不通通顺顺,这这时时就就需需要要逆逆着着原原文文次次序序去去译译,从后面部分译起。从后面部分译起。逆译法逆译法 (Translation in Reverse Order)(Translation in Reverse Order)第12页 Yet as Indian IT companies are discovering as they develop local centers to service global customers,market access in China may add up to nothing if the countrys gr
13、aduate and post-graduate community of software professionals lacks proficiency in English.参考译文1 然而,印度信息技术企业在中国设置地域中心以期为全球客户提供服务时却发觉,假如中国软件专业应届本科毕业生和硕士英语水平不高话,这些企业进军中国市场举动可能会毫无意义。第13页 Yet as Indian IT companies are discovering as they develop local centers to service global customers,market access in
14、 China may add up to nothing if the countrys graduate and post-graduate community of software professionals lacks proficiency in English.参考译文2 然而,印度信息技术企业发觉,在中国设置地域中心以期为全球客户提供服务时,进军中国市场举动可能会毫无意义,要是中国软件专业应届本科和硕士毕业生英语水平不高话。第14页这句话是一个套嵌状语从句。分析后,按照汉语表示逻辑,这句话有这么几层意思:(1)Yet as Indian IT companies are disc
15、overing,(2)as they develop local centers to service global customers,(3)if the countrys graduate and post-graduate community of software professionals lacks proficiency in English,(4)market access in China may add up to nothing.Yet as Indian IT companies are discovering as they develop local centers
16、 to service global customers,market access in China may add up to nothing if the countrys graduate and post-graduate community of software professionals lacks proficiency in English.第15页所以,要这句话汉译语气自然,就要调整翻译语序,以符合汉语表示习惯。比较发觉,参考译文2不符合汉语习惯,整个句子给人印象混乱,不合章法。而参考译文1调整了译文语序,使之更符合汉语逻辑,轻易让读者了解。不过我们在采取逆译法时候也要视
17、情况,按意群来进行全部倒置或部分倒置。假如译句既能顺译又能倒置时,就要由译文效果来决定采取什么伎俩来翻译。第16页Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.参考译文1 许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高工资以换取成为白领工人社会地位,这在西方倒是人之常情。参考译文2 这在西方倒是人之常情,许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高工资以换取成为白领工人社会地位。第1
18、7页这是一个比较长同位语从句。按照汉语习惯,通常原因在前,结果在后;条件在前,事实在后。我们按照汉语习惯把这句话主句Such is human nature in the West倒置到句末,不但更符合汉语习惯,而且语言也更流畅。第18页19It was our view that the United States could be effective in both the tasks assigned by the President,i.e.,of ending hostilities,and making a contribution to a permanent peace in the Middle Eastif we conducted ourselves so that we could remain in permanent contact with all of these elements in the equation.【译译文文】假假如如我我们们采采取取行行动动方方便便能能继继续续与与中中东东问问题题各各方方面面保保持持接接触触,美美国国就就能能担担当当起起总总统统布布置置两两项项任任务务,即即结结束束中中东东敌敌对对行行为为,并并对对核核地地域域永永久久和和平平做做出贡献,这就是我们看法。出贡献,这就是我们看法。第19页
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