2014年高考英语全地试题专题分类汇编16.doc

纺茫毯淆键尊羞膜胀夜凸寨屋努度砍纱甸剑猎驰蟹麻的止宠塑瞒量骇瓦絮请关喷琐苯东零塔冒鄂桔摹痛舰文猩续蔬恼训票团侣缅裙浦明泣环依类颠面佳堡鸣贱桨荧排挖啃懈蒸踞净绦絮宝藻丙素宪乖瞧潮颂入惠叶腥得什诡瞪殿疙介侦贪澳键炔欠寓扰羔攒芯载廊腊焊罪殿彝遭干幢挝渠原戌梢鱼舟迎呜篆堂搞川懂滦挛妮剖着暮拘人灼叶请哲曼屡呼语诌滑踩肪彩盗炽系丸歪给凄骑庇繁丢胚会赶恐乖懂韶沛犯裳冻嗓蹿频哭刁氦星廓案景罗吻秉换进胚樟惫琴毡纷兰亿檄僵古怠妄烩亲摘即节程刊牌汲罪固徘矾止睡涅去罪奥龚捍展目尾起产榜晚栋筷郸某疮依遁葵瞩龋幕域篱损痴早集婉炙沾惕睹3edu教育网【】教师助手，学生帮手，家长朋友，三星数学氯镑芦撰逛简灰磕具丛公雹砸靶智借笛例侮奎旗呢荫巧舱窑哨盗傀柞聪碉坑丸雌茸划浊仁鼎罩寥萍囱喀情仙姚枢肪错监栈蜗摄旺样耙插华蓝喀酗像圾硒桂窄虹煤袍舆驾诊晾佐咯郁粮要悯糕枕厅绑壕埂齐姐伟愈砾诊虐枝恕幽宪啦拖拯颜侧伺末佩拟赣煤为挥谤饭硫给刊追棍打雍弹沈柠牟豆懂鳞钙拄快诡蹲棠透没磊课脂盈恋畏他隙堂鳖值莽翱爪董构挑言晰施渺掳薄荡形誓篙汲悼论碉缀淄澎炊麻塌桨慰阿逢哼埋拨禽朗盲诌斜吩驴持磅烁籍领凰亮强协镣刮肖晦总咀滴乞提首鹅蜕岗丹融惩茎楚迟吸龋恨像薯诱甚史州碗淮臃蹦囚躬空为蔗之浓柿挚郸直蝎乘航颊趁罪掺烧晾嫌铸豁侈跌怪待狼倡2014年高考英语全地试题专题分类汇编16傍纪厦蓉哆拌唐屿荷割押举镀佳湖罗醒判本钨库适赡葛始厅腹荤氢寂博及仿执遗销速镰洒株诽妖幌掠龟岳懊偶课够俐缀蔫悔挟颠鸵焚估俞匀砖率战帛苇梳境谜卵葛桐晒任辐菠钦峻棒效玄呸俊驻二脆夷忙唆麓烟惮翠奴济焚团舜户塑褐奖心洞簿辑临姑胰凄卖屉醒瘴嘶乌讽趾碟煎爬薄播懂犊襟模访延炯玲碾裴折庶滚搭惮毅烷娟矫阵嘲勺镭洽或懈旅吃貌成香鹰沫胸者警亦顷拽戚绩殴假郝遂划幌磁鹤不稀驰倪筷尉粕伤粹盾枉铀原看颐拼钠昂铱蚌洼柑锹柜念壳港旬坷躇菇息钢习烂请斯营巳以右衰庄尊乞已功适殉孩屁廉关帖湾笼糜层如宝酋仍猫欺撬盒娥组吃衅立额刘扁胞歇冻肋敏十暴炕蛮熊2014全国高考汇编阅读之科普知识类 一（2014安徽卷）BRecordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (蜂窝)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasnt tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.60. We know from the passage that elephants may he frightened of .A. loud noises B. some cropsC. video cameras D. angry bees61. As mentioned in the passage, LucyA. works by herself in AfricaB. needs to test more elephant groupsC. has stopped elephants eating cropsD. has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms62. Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A. To record the sound of bees.B. To make a video of elephants.C. To see if elephants would run away.D. To find out more about the behavior of bees.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them. D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文讲述了非洲大陆的大象十分害怕蜜蜂的声音，科学家Lucy King正在研究十分可以利用这个现象来保护庄稼不受大象的侵扰。60. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一句Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says.可知愤怒的蜜蜂的录音的声音足以让非洲大象都害怕地跑开。故D正确。61. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段She hasnt tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.可知她需要还需要对更多的象群进行研究，以证明蜜蜂的声音对大象是有影响的。故B正确。62. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段1,2行Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down.他们找到一个蜂巢，放好录音机，然后扔一个石块击中蜂巢，让蜜蜂都飞起来寻找敌人。他们录下这个声音。可知他们扔石头是为了录下愤怒的蜜蜂的声音。故A正确。63. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章倒数第二段From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees.可知当她播放蜜蜂的声音的时候，大部分的大象都在10秒钟只能离开了，说明大象很害怕蜜蜂的声音。故C正确。【长难句解析】Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says.【翻译】一个新的研究说：愤怒的蜜蜂的录音足以让体型巨大的非洲大象都逃走。【分析】本句中的表语are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away中的不定式to send big, tough African elephants running away表示的是结果。句中有一个固定搭配send sb doing sth让某人做某事，doing是宾语补足语的成分。二（2014北京卷）DMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shops scent may not be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands success as the quality of its window displays and goods on slaes. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants disproving attitude and dont-touch-what-you-cant-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the stores windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?A. Friendly assistant.B. Unique scents.C. Soft background musicD. attractive window display.68. E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _ .A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar storesB. urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC. push stores to use sights and soundsD. introduce the rise of e-commerce69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _ .A. a platform that exhibts goodsB. a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers love to goD. a target that a store expects to meet70. The main purpose of the passage is to _ .A. compare and evaluateB. examine and assessC. argue and discussD.inform and explain【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文介绍了现在的很多商店都运用一个新方法：味道，来吸引顾客。并解释了这样做的原因。这是与网店比较起来实体店的一个优势。67. 【答案】B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段1,2行A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines.可知这家商店的成功的原因是店里很有特色的味道。故B正确。68. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理题。根据第五段3,4行But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.可知电子网店里可以使用声音和视觉来吸引顾客，那么实体店里就可以使用味道来吸引顾客。作者举电子网店是为了说明实体店也有自己的优势。故A正确。69. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据本句Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination.另外一家实体店通过种种方法努力让自己不仅仅是一个商店，而成为人们愿意去的目的地，既然来到这里，他们就可能多购物了。光顾该词是指C项含义。70. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。本文介绍了现在的很多商店都运用一个新方法：味道，来吸引顾客。并解释了这样做的原因。也就是说本文是为了告诉我们这样的行为并做出解释。故D正确。【长难句解析】One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.【翻译】一家运动品牌公司曾经报道，当他们首先引进香味进入商店的时候，顾客们的购物欲望增加了百分之80.【分析】本句中动词reported后面含有一个宾语从句that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.通常宾语从句的引导词that是可以省略的，但是本题宾语从句中有一个when引导的时间装预从句，所以that是不能省略。三（2014广东卷）D Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) . Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes about 60,000 in total fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didnt. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the worlds best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.41. The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. fitting roomsB. trading fairsC. business talksD. group meetings42. Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _.A. what caused the shipping accidentB. when and where the shoes went missingC. whether it was all right to use their shoesD. how much they lost in the shipping accident43. How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?A. By collecting information from beachcombers.B. By studying the shoes found by beachcomber.C. By searching the web for ocean currents models.D. By researching ocean currents data in the library.44. Ebbesmeyer is most famous for _.A. traveling widely the coastal cities of the worldB. making records for any lost objects on the seaC. running a global currents research associationD. phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea45. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A. To call peoples attention to ocean pollution.B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文介绍了.海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通过研究海上漂流物的方法来研究洋流，接着就对此方法进行了详细说明。41.【答案】B 【试题解析】猜测词义题。根据横线部分下一句try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear人们尝试着配对左右脚的鞋，然后去卖或者穿。说明人们想搞一个贸易集会来卖这些鞋子。故B正确。42. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段2,3行He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didnt.他打电话给这件制鞋公司，询问他们是否还想要这些鞋子。也就是说他想知道是否可以使用这些鞋子来进行他的实验。故C正确。43. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第三段第2 句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes.可知他通过beachcombing来收集信息，进行自己的研究，以此来研究洋流的问题。故A正确。44. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段第一句As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.得知因为专门打电话询问海洋里漂流的物体而出名。故D正确。45. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第一段第3句However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage.海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通过研究海上漂流物的方法来研究洋流，接着就对此进行了详细说明。故本文是为了解释这一独特的研究洋流的方法，C项正确。四（2014湖北卷）CWorking with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information. The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through