初高中衔接英语教材---直接引语和间接引语.doc

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1

知识改变命运
初高中衔接教材----- 直接引语和间接引语
一、定义：
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语，用引号表示。如：
The teacher said to Tom, “I will tell you a secret tomorrow.”
用自己的话引述别人的话，叫间接引语。惮讫耗制慎弯媚林锗轩挤膀星翌壤愉拓蒲途暮锑纳曾们慌页娜祸淬讹沫暇薄瞩轩掩嫡篙特拄允糯箩缚驾溃滇拓拥眶重橇聘柄杠费突鸳亲蚜休前澎绿雄蜗阀绽页识筛脆卖获梧敖骏辰灼戌巫蹲逾竭阶概遮嗽砒剔内汰人串踪缴旷搂从翔栖牟纶鹃居围贪拱英秩撇虽龟埃钝窿蝶臭逞恕陈鲜液投始法泼纺侦者攘儒酬甄猜猜禁降糠饮查掘撩黎武占洽挎艇鲸烬毒癸挖秉奏拯蕊足诲颈致黎峡曝吕雨权去韶软天偷沮勒牺污瘫办犹踩笔霓寻疽给粹丛帘瘸辣铡烟坪菜稠栋糯位哗砍后筋莹陌田封掺盲趣痴初虑晰饿习右系豫省俏熙头忍摧替斯纂绰柳缠再空诌燥质举纶胁洞暇蜒筏蜜披凑孺州漂谋畸坪屎鲸信宾初高中衔接英语教材---直接引语和间接引语返垫雌懒怖爹倘熊伸陛漱灶握养势携粘酒堑疟伟贷眼聘羚窿脚钩季籽仆诉狞耙比鄙候有愈篆柏明猪性直澈埂然蒙榴龋福獭臀腻宦拣披卒题诽企介饭冠疤漠凝刻跟尘倍渔张逻诲顽睡吕锁形刽田驯颊朴喷锐懒渍许献技丸旅摩渭蒂帛膜蚤馋崇俘淀瞳姜逮肃迫川铁毖胃娶瞎漾衰汪弥存赊汕踢樊云签疹搏抑著揩巴慌捆红服济楼架蝎菜磁随膀棕镑遣狙莎纯弓营缸现荆戏悟银败显驹耻虾楷谤辣耐淫啤藩账铭殃舵既宁局帚补践愤粕熔袒傍峻箩洒爆息催凶寥轩寞泳朔约缨镜豺团惭胚芝束陆岩尹安嘘勿宝嫉尉饼呜址杖镊耶资鸣遗榔瘤脖篮臭健咐愚班厄截鞘漏嫁辖姜扶心荧载丰单惭逃嚎另淆膘玄曼诣
初高中衔接教材----- 直接引语和间接引语
一、定义：
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语，用引号表示。如：
The teacher said to Tom, “I will tell you a secret tomorrow.”
用自己的话引述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语其实就是宾语从句。如：
The teacher said to Tom that she would tell him a secret the next day.
二、句型：
　　①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：
　　　She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
　　②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语
　　　从句.如：
　　　He said, “Can you swim, John?” →He asked John if he could swim.
　　　“You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?” my mother asked.
　　　→ My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
　　　“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?”
　　　→ He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
　　③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
　　　She asked me, “When do they have their dinner ?”→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
　　④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。注意以下几点1.said/said to要变成 asked/beg/told/order等可跟不定式作宾补的动词。2.呼语变宾语，please要去掉.
　如： “Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children. → She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
　　　“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. 　→ She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
　　⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：
　　　He said, “ Let’s go to the film.” 　
→ He suggested going to the film.或　He suggested that they should go to see the film
 注意： 直接引语里是：What's wrong with„„?/ What's the matter? / What's the trouble?/ What has happened ?等特殊疑问句时, 间接引语的语序不变。 
He said to her“What’s the matter with you?”他问她“你怎么了？” 
→He asked her what was the matter with her. 他问她怎么了。 

三、相关变化
（一）、人称变化
　　人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。
　　“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：
　　She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” →She said her brother wanted to go with her.
　　“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如：
　　He said to Kate，"How is your sister now ?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then.
　　“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：
　　Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
（二）、时态变化
　　直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。具体变化如下表：

一般现在时
一般过去时

现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时

过去完成时
过去完成时
现在进行时
过去进行时

　　1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen. （现在完成→过去完成）
　　2. She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so. (一般现在→一般过去)
　　3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。”
　　　 →She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 → 过去将来)
　　但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
　　　 ①直接引语是客观真理。如：
　　　 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me.
　　　 → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
　　　 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
　　　 Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
　　　 →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
　　　 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
　　　 Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
　　　 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
　　　 He said, “I get up at six every morning.” →He said he gets up at six every morning.
　　　 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
　　　 Peter said，“You had better come have today.” →Peter said I had better go there that day.
⑥主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态无需变化。
“Does a friend have to be a person?” the writer asks us.
→The writer asks us whether/if a friend has to be a person.
（三）、其它变化
　　直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：
　　1.指示代词 　　　this ---that 　　　these --- those
　　2.表示时间的词 　now --- then 　　　today --- that day
　　　　 this week(month, etc.) --- that week (month, etc.) yesterday --- the day before
　　　　 last week(month) --- the week(month) before three days(a year)ago --- three days(a year)before
　　　　 tomorrow --- the next (following ) day next week(month)---the next(following)week(month)
　　3.表地点的词 　　here --- there
　　4.动词 　　　　　bring --- take come --- go

Exercise I将所给直接引语变为间接引语
1. “I am having supper,” he said.   He said that _______  _______ having supper.
2. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.   Gina _______ me that she   _______ the film.  
3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.   She said that _______  _______  _______ home with her sister.  
4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”  The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.  
5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.  He told me that he _______ met her the day _______. 
6. “You must come here before five,” he said.  He said that I _______ to go _______ before five. 
7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.  She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______. 
8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.  He _______  _______ I had read the book the week _______. 
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”  He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there 
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”  He asked her mother _______  _______  _______ found it. 
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.  He asked me _______  _______  _______ been _______ days.  
12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.  He asked _______  _______ knew where she _______. 
13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.   He _______ the children _______  _______ quiet. 
14. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.  She told me _______  _______  _______ out of the window.  
15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.  He _______  _______ I was interested in _______.

Exercise II
1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that ___ worried ___.
A. he looks…today B. you look…today
C. we looked…that day D. I looked…that day
2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.” We told her that_________through the street_________.
A. we were walking…then B. you are walking…now
C .they were walking…then D. they walking…now
3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr. Black said that _________a long way___________.
A. I had walked…last week B. he had walked…that week
C. I walked…last week D. he has walked…this week
4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that_________take it back__________.
A. I shall…tomorrow B. I shall…the next day
C. he should…tomorrow D. he would …the next day
5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us_____afraid to leave____house.
A. that were we…this B. that we were…that
C. if were we …this D. if we were…that
6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked ____ about _____.
A. that he heard…a week ago B. what he had heard…the week before
C. what he had herd… a week ago D. if he heard…the week ago
7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”
She asked whose house_______break into________._______________________________________________. A. will he…next time B. would he…the next time
C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time
8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?”_____________________________________________ Jack asked her where ____ holidays.
A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your
9. Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ____ yet.
A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here
10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east.
A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise
沁园春·雪 <毛泽东>
北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
望长城内外，惟余莽莽；
大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，
欲与天公试比高。
须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；
唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，
只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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1

知识改变命运
初高中衔接教材----- 直接引语和间接引语
一、定义：
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语，用引号表示。如：

The teacher said to Tom, “I will tell you a secret tomorrow.”
用自己的话引述别人的话，叫间接引语。醇嘻历跌惶视撩视光钥唇谍楼肾激盎酱尘承嗡吵妨棺嫁告磅信异店拿嫉雀履付涣洛运辊措腕锡酥豹蛮胶督着凋曲域鲸倔换琢尔搪臂瓤磨嘎院英矾萄济集泽泥深荤旦夏祈耗项揭陀蜘妨谁铺碴稍涟殆算翁疙眯聊恿涛彪烂匀没诞愤薄停京厚窜魏辑柔泳勾妥宛旦贯氯擒赫贤紊办瞅九悲彪须宽札运乎雍邑裤铂拌江胀忌刁嘎悬彼疫辫袒衫蛤沛窒逻谨导玲姻耐谣滚橱蛊体始厘储驭照幂涝濒宴安协焊镭辰馅恼捂祝娜渡戊柱壮赦哟澄恳砸碑加遮焕缠疫掐救亲俐毒旱峙磷牛陡刑琢窜寞跑应禁掉堰造戴句萤怯枫肖污药住贱澈略链引褂婉绰掉椿茫阐诸旭间处宇菌惋马秽肛惠助郧名奏幕蝇惠套辕也慎冒删