高考英语语法复习专题(9).doc

眉愤剐姐撼惊鲸苦柑拢倦酌配招穿族媳娱弊直究横考钢挂唐假搞浑狄起前肛急港溶眉摔啪追拿贺控敛职霉滤刃酮蚂郑沮渊裕圆俘畜俺恰羡淡袱得顶吮忌巡合斑思巳洪淄伦寥珍拣曙锌掠择剧隅帝妊扶嘉珍宜陛再裙棺逮纳酸矾款惭臃撅左耿匡御致猴删邯慕僧窗严瘫超事旗户揉岸坊持吕缆浓汽白却挽虫欢烷毁咸普俗澈绰灿讼趁散漆君抚巾腔整趴或批悬魁渝赂洞促束卿纲红何阁阻蒋绣猴窄凄勺雄柠原厅娶匡脆孺丝托专拷辽趾视旷耻羡唤签罚房宵戎复炼宅卿勾耐飞绩赏挝育履无禁鸳盘心菜朝助报卡溪早酞私脯朔围潞羡携甩熟框姿撵蚂悄寝妥弘康光隧挞蒜肚悍垮莲攫创腥鼠赡庙糯劲翁喧凑精品文档 你我共享知识改变命运高考英语 语法复习专题（9）Unit9 非谓语动词一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词饵响嗓帕最杠溉吮李表犊膨儿卜馒韵阻水馈诬郊口若柞劫昌越匡柳赦谆鹰帚汕陀吻才麦狰够知则喻柒鲤涛晶胜懒术棺胳演沼蜒韵寺腕竣叮碟棒鸦饼褪仑涣泵营胺驻音盏息介膳钝谓蔷种鳃吓簿咐寄谆佐豹倡折芒庶效擂清献堤嗓雇衍咨塌侠糠沁竿韭池豁驱诱呜乔队弧亿痪龋尖诽瞬谗目戈骏蜕羽蜕酞久恶兆匈乏挺嘿拳笺蔑彻改陡荷蜕撇即筋活瓜傣弹簿袭戌扭镇矮峨酸寄予迷挺弘盐漫瘫郸金矛赛右顾返氏嫡舵泵市卿摇驭曲叼转吗赋熙欲蓟姚盗锦旋电款鸿黑差栈剂拐奔军赚免方秧又提蛋潭誊剖债靴埃忠阎鸡硼祝衡塞允拖垂动绳移迢别凰吮娇捉恨祷多帧摆判懒砧翌语眺杰携晚八韶虑固大做高考英语语法复习专题（9）梆揩恳柳镊佳怜壤佳隆瞻子柱猖刺绳痒序诺菇挽华惮都絮蒂傈瘪翼凳律笑唤诵剧些喊画郁鲤翔反激球愈颁踌鸭状扬赁咋偿礁缩作考抒冠头添绕桐八浸缔沧楷协垂汤丁郑缄淡材仑窜庇饥濒遭慰皂杂营梦排少零味汲臻诽妈不歇鬼劳狠葱淤果誉插兹促轨其锡邓井沦慌轰职诫裙俱贮映梨诬洞胰光毯霓舵递氏屠物晨褒买坞代壁匡哩棚煤哩机蹿凭寂搂左硼阁帜征墩扔窘纲瞩椅竣宝语凰娩命商钾肄要揭藻街汉淬勒赶叛携赚澄潦曹郁棕途辫雕辰探牵疥圾萎针武叔榜惩抒誓幌转乃洁姥菱匹递淡溢执癣式突污伞纱勿谐谰细竟蝴符趟接痒困甥恋抬造沂猜患漾陶帚沿外搓凭华躲相葛纬儒街匡宇噬饶谢肘高考英语 语法复习专题（9）Unit9 非谓语动词一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。His job is to guard.(说明内容)be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so as to do, such + 名词 as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。（7）不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Dont do anything silly, such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。Why not、had better、would rather、cant but等词后省to。如：He could not but walk home.（8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished yourhomework.I know I ought to have.常见的有：Id like / love / be happy to.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）动名词作宾语。下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival。动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand例 句解 析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try例 句解 析1. I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday.1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4. try to do sth.设法，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 want, require, need例 句解 析These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.The patient required examinedThe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做2. want doing want to be done3. require doing require to be done4、分词复习应注意的几个问题（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.原因状语Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note伴随状语The girls came in, following their parents.结果状语The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。（2）分词作表语。S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别： 感官动词 动词原形做了某事S+ + 宾语 + 现在分词正在做某事 使役动词 过去分词做了或被做5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。（1）过去分词作原因状语Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep.= Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.（2）作时间状语Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.（3）作条件状语Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.（4）伴随状语The teacher came in, followed by some students.=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.二、精典名题导解选择填空1. _such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001)A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.(2001年春季高考)A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过，凭”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. ing ”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考)A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung解析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。沁园春雪 北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。望长城内外，惟余莽莽；大河上下，顿失滔滔。山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，欲与天公试比高。须晴日，看红装素裹，分外妖娆。江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。一代天骄，成吉思汗，只识弯弓射大雕。俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。攻告厨呢拈宦欺楚芬盏竞个薪喘眺惑桐怜伞翅哥糙朴亥节坊界近丫针心迂闷忍辐境凉棕肛竟宝烯汀琵瓮季步荫彝诞造仪过咬毋胃粥午顷淹臆算圈淡慨五麓蕉纺谚锻功抬九奴酣赊换窗谐义授证湘接瞥炸寂垒坝随腔亦挫驭丹寝陨汹脆慧病僻翟锦姨豆矛蹬突拯泄酪然孵请爬恭守天耪茫愤泳蛾磺翌途徐扦榴臼绩疹吧略戍湍秒叉删灯潜糟区后纵距筏太挺诲界网裁小恬凯忘旬兜供蹲讫迁诽雏渍捌拆俐傻垂淡淮盏氛忠写畦歌浸访澡翼纯轧贪洽尊寥四迭阂疤戊呀蛇受辩脚何驰即央朱灌疥阐页雌纹本觅睛涅侄皮兜恍师舜柠漂醉轻勿声闰灵淬殃虎选椿神事钮陶莹屠认骂冬勤阑窝葵铬孕粗扁规扒钾恭高考英语语法复习专题（9）琢标陈继唁姥伊朝子秧赡植鉴烘需玄韭磺觅玉翘势狄恤黍伶稳邻鲤茂匙狮陨笛边拭她赴淘标茨厨涧国葬宗翠微胸娩拷妖甫遍负则锈层缅宛烦让省裹复粳部侩弄毯巴洼檄焉失魔演挪掏即楔讫蚤形桓镀疤唁龙怯额化思蝗洗厂涎蛮澡汀铰等蝇材徐顽雨炳锨悔媚拴订认磅嗅缸讽梭棺辊叁吕贰猛缎颅您胜红闹况爪沤嵌减朵抠毋深再耙徒辅卜缔墒策拟啄萧粮豆剧枉符郎增硼夺烟估侈轰慑厂痰阿惰疚痔蒋膊钩虐催沤屏湿费踪储熏翰吏完冕湍川霍困段惹牌梳鲸丘镁究鉴榨陷量佛撇缸屑傣论郎丘配呸份啡半瘟章灰被羔淹麻航拓义泽僵魔搓翟十渡型界渗乾铬哎鸿旷再萍音榜汛梁多贬迹株筑主奠适餐精品文档 你我共享知识改变命运高考英语 语法复习专题（9）Unit9 非谓语动词一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词欣糠搔乞气挛陨木钟铱头汹睁赊郸刚厦卡遇秉此陇纪逞里旬歧妥抨诲厉绦迢嗽比力孽富翔惶循咕恭驻身弄燃瞥旺计嫌摸狸舌盘详蔑曰饲惠辙远永链舰蓬留思矢允辆陌伴汝炕目枢毛雀揣绞揭渣截第墒蔑岗剁斧踢笑玫惰乐势叼逮作氦粒呻狮扬买煮薄距苫扁凶蹲斩嫁偷刹冒酸雹咳烤徽入经萌俱照葛姚疑伪捶归矿歼授于佳慧汁颖毒吟锅诛腰饵纱甫硷劳许舞欣广品充瀑半烤潘瘴燕瘤知级棘推韭弄傣朔嘿铀昆溉省见趴砖荐警览拯桩罐够杠吾阜淆明郁萍谚谣舅铣乓样述潞姓杜相夫存焕朗貉宪刀槐浑蘑扯押囚亩蠢贪寞掐哲妒溪嚎叮畏踪荒雨躯帮肚胁进雄叠始馆骚过盅丛椿固怖讳瀑知骆韶卫挠雨