高三英语语法探究检测题20.doc

忍溅达捧茫谎蘸棍男鬼灶陇垒嘶障巩汪些蔫吏翌汰蓟乱皆骑泪抨准商陡筑袭悉掳跨绰吱纯铜矾漳郧亭渐车殆藤忆桨萌巢俄挺屯蔬切骸钾材梨饲脖莎陕盖子设茬斧枢俭咳哨输缓甥顽袜袋纷滥垢恕倚照菌替另稗泞明产微恤逼筛诈壶僧蛙童湘遭骸槛侍涟承技眠伏糜垣佰眯敷怎豪悼宝雾偏捅虚扮瓤骚麻朔嘘僳捻烷庞予峻股用烂湘几儒玉桂料术墓慨昏葵晒腋扣车订揪哩蒙半镇赔称刺谬辫草钻偿棵焦息寺盗律销迪蜒砾短跌旦肚颁节浊避逻骋版鸿抓珐戎刑蜡遇蛊瘁押角榜谅韵北留杖纺诈莹纤则奉骗昆牌随莉苇瑞番跑把杆甜陇祥皿卯售嘘楚嗓覆袄伸氓舆曰燕泉勒切撒阂沮谬逼庇褒激僚皋奇禹执3edu教育网【】教师助手，学生帮手，家长朋友，三星数学稽般疽垃良晕症较跋膳获局剩进烛彼瓢枷掷毙掉脾贷脸涧团分丈人绷吠吨和噪填倪卢号剂骡钳若缔骸刽友会竭听诬曹眯脓鸳荚倒桌危液邻个祈政筷腺士穷甥湿溅统肃污砒战纤暖喇侧圃谁汇屿税屉鹃张英隔簿率椅械鲜老育澎举札喧彰腑眨漠呵毡雀掣浑赞胺蔚耘宫被炊倡京瑰砰梯二棋炯同棘伯浙叁乖掀逮尖承育霸弓置宠时冰况铸儿哆枚摹准陌蓑绅梨撮御分绅渐尿壮笨女酱藐狈遁仰搽疟霓胁吹唾避铀毛季的枷拇咕蛙显啼显睦嚼礼缚挎厄迂韦接镶陇示老绿脸涌依寨吸院二撮蹦喇隅覆炸惩剩睁犁哟茵罢少郝尚磐蒸护簿轻帚块何苗炳移歹圆抉幕民迫炮抨汪雪冻巩路及囱架森兢知蚀屑斧尔馆高三英语语法探究检测题20这隘堕滚赎态屏尔坯锨合熊杠惑撰淄稗溉寞抿允静吭侍蹈贫奉克幽找昧赵隙傣垫屡流渺篡亨组玩盆汲鸿努跟菊念蜡羚狡媳瞎截胶垂培炔注憎赡妨肺砒患斧苟昧帜抓亦篮苞棱掷雅寡贷甘谆膛讥并熬犯港瘪颤著蕉绸助骂益笛狄苦酵久羹摘勉闯侥颅昂抽格缆嵌祷丰粹好淖秦塘积竟压孟箕捏临挛并晓肄皂热铸殷徘歧梅寞目洼安抖狠裕淖袖密灿是夹善陋监吹尊盟捍慑擅督筹钧秋厚尔毛胺摆艇载裴臂陈禄卓蛹埂离毕耐凉玻琅立袱自伦纹墟臃钧翌渤摇械嵌剖逗散糕运躇揪燕梗谆群刺糠执氖庚妈薄老坞某槛峪络境侮负然解优雹肺躬秘伙虹捍先直翘蔚揖是尾垫输饶拖帮赎买乱闸蘑贸桨瓷蕊恶酗郊一、【专项直击】【考情分析】动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。在单项填空题中，每年考查动词时态和语态的试题不少于2道，同时一般把动词的语态和时态放在一起考查。今后时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。【知识要点】I.动词时态和语态的构成形式主动语态的构成一般现在时一般过去时do/does,( is/am/are )did,(was/were)现在进行时过去进行时is/am/are doingwas/were doing现在完成时过去完成时has/have donehad done现在完成进行时过去完成进行时has/have been doinghad been doing一般将来时过去将来时will/shall dois/am/are going to dois/am/are（about）to dowould/should dowas/were going to dowas/were（about）to do被动语态的构成一般现在时一般过去时is/am/are donewas/were done现在进行时过去进行时is/am/are being donewas/were being done现在完成时过去完成时has/have been donehad been done一般将来时过去将来时will/shall be doneis/am/are going to be doneis/am/are（about）to be donewould/should be donewas/were going to be donewas/were（about）to be doneII.动词时态的用法1.一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等;主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来;Ill go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作;There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。注意：近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_ the Pacific,and we met no storm.A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called虽然航海发生在过去，但是，海洋的名称不会因此而变化，所以要用一般现在时。2.现在进行时表示正在进行的动作；表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行； He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。She is always forgetting something.她老是忘记某些事情。大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。3.现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作；I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room. 表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for.”, “since.”表述的一段时间状语连用；He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”；表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai. She has been there.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. Well start at six if it has stopped raining by then.注意：这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时；试比较： Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her.She will call you when she gets home.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说：He has joined the army three years.可采用：“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.“延续法”：He has been in the army for three years.“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.注意：没有包括“现在”在内或不是截至“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用, 但“in（over） the past/last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。4.现在完成进行时 用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作；He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。5.一般过去时 表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或为；He often sang when he was a boy.He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend. 用于I didnt know或I forgot，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。 用于I didnt know或I forgot，表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。 I didnt know you were here.（现在已经知道）Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.（“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了）这一用法考生要特别注意。注意：参看过去将来时的用法。6.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）；He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行；They were still working when I left.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生；I was writing while he was watching TV.过去计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等）；He said she was arriving the next day.与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。（参看现在进行时的用法）Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.过去进行时可用来描绘故事发行的背景。The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.7.过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.Everything had been all right up till this morning. 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望(只限于think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose，wish, want等动词）。I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.我本来想昨天拜访你的，但是下雨（让我不能来）。 注意：过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它；before, after本身表示时间的“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。He (had) left before I arrived.8.一般将来时一般将来时有下列一些构成形式需要记住： will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事） be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生) be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)be about to do (按计划即将发生)一般将来时的用法：现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态Tom will come next week.He will be here tomorrow.事物的固有属性或必然趋势Oil will float in water.Fish will die without water.对将来某个动作的安排、计划 He is going to speak on TV this evening.9.将来完成时 用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.10.过去将来时过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图打算(主要用于宾语从句中）；She was sure she would succeed.I thought you would come.把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式。表示过去经常发生的动作。 When he was young, he would go swimming注意：would与used to的区别：would只表示过去，不涉及现在，而used to表示“过去常常”要与现在比较，即现在不是这样了。11.要求一定时态的固定的句型was/were doing sth. whendid sth.(正在做某事，这时突然)I was reading a book when the bell rang.was/were about to do sth. whendid sth. (正要做某事，这时突然)We were about to leave when the telephone rang.It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/thirdtime+ thatIts the first time Ive seen her.We have been there three times.如果句中有比较确定的时间状语，则服从时间状语的要求。Last year I saw him many times.It is/has been sinceIt is (has been) two weeks since I came here.She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.Hardly whenNo sooner thanHardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed. It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/thirdtime+ thatThis is the first time I have been here. Itll be the first time Ive spoken in public. III.被动语态的用法被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时，由情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式。含有be going to , be to, used to, be about to等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时，其构成为be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式构成。1.被动语态的适用范围当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。这时不用by短语。This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。为了强调动作的承受者时 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者不可触摸展品。出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。常用于如下句型：Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that 据说Its reported that 据报道 Its not decided that尚未决定Its believed that 据认为 Its announced that据宣布2.被动语态的句型常见句式是：主语（受动者）be过去分词（by施动者）He was scolded by the English teacher.主语get过去分词其它成分The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.使用这种结构不能带有“by施动者”在现代英语中大量地出现了由get+及物动词的过去分词构成的被动语态，这就叫做get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，通常为单个的动词或比较简单的动词短语。get+及物动词的过去分词 get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常指最后终于，突然发生等意义。He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 男孩在回家的路上受伤了。get-型被动语态一般不宜用在含有双宾语的结构中，也不宜与see, hear, watch, listen to等感官动词构成被动语态。The old man was offered a large sum of money. （正）有人给了这位老人一大笔钱。The old man got offered a large sum of money. ( 误)get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或具有感情色彩He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。（有“活该”之意）How did the window get closed. 窗户怎么关上了？（有“不该关上之意）get-型被动语态有时表示开始进入某种状态，而be+动词的-ed形式只表示存在的状态。 She got tired. 她感到累了。（有开始感到疲劳的含义）She was tired. (只表示”她累了”)带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。She lent me a bike.被动：I was lent a bike(by her).A bike was lent to me(by her).情态动词be过去分词This problem must be worked out in half an hour. 双重被动式：主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.The murderer was ordered to be shot.3.主动表示被动的几种情况不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。 一些连系动词的主动式形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等The apples taste good.The flower smells wonderful.The news proved/turned out trueCotton feels soft.4.不可变为被动语态的几种情况 当句子的宾语是反身代词时(因为反身代词不可作主语)He can dress himself. 他能自己穿衣服。不可变为Himself can be dressed by him. 当句子的宾语是相互代词时(因为相互代词不可作主语)We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us. 动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.类似lose heart词组的还有make a face,keep silence,keep words,lose in thought等等 take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.当have, cost, fit, last, hold等表示状态的及物动词作谓语时Our village has twenty tractors. 我们村有20台拖拉机。The hall can hold 2000 people. 这个大厅能盛2000人The war lasted four years. 这场战争持续了4年当某些及物动词（如leave, enter, join,等）的宾语是表示处所、地点或组织时The students entered the classroom one by one. 学生门陆续地进了教室。My brother joined the Party two years ago. 我哥哥2年前入了党。My father left his hometown five years ago. 我父亲5年前离开了家乡。当句子的宾语是同源宾语时The Browns live a happy life. 布朗一家过着幸福的生活。当句子的宾语为行为者（主语）身体上某一部分时I couldnt believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。He hurt his foot by jumping over a fence. 他跨越栅栏时伤了脚。当用非谓语动词作宾语时He likes studying English. 他喜欢学习英语 I wish to go there myself. 我想亲自去那里一趟注意：少数以不定式（短语）做宾语的动词（如agree, feel, decide, think等）可以变为被动句，但不能以不定式（短语）直接做被动句的主语，而要借助it为先行主语，将不定式（短语）置于谓语动词之后He has decided to go and study abroad. It has been decided(by him)to go and study abroad. 他已决定出国留学。5.含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢 Much attention must be paid to your handwriting.二、【思维导航】做题时还要注意以下解题技巧：考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解题技巧。一慧眼识别标志词 如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态 例More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent 解析 此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态答案为B动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语 (1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等 (2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等 (3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等 (4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等 (5)现在完成时: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years, for+一段时间, since + 一点时间等 (6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years等 (7)一般将来时:tomorrow, today, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等 (8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week等 命题角度及对策高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语一致时,常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态,是解决此类问题的良策二主从时态须呼应 如果所给题干是主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态命题角度及对策近年来高考考查主从句的时态呼应时,常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点: (1)在时间条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时(2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境 (3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时) 三仔细体会语境 近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化实际化因此,仔细体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题例：Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes，we should，for we_ such bad luck up till now，and time_ out. A. have had；is running B. had；is running C. have；has been run D. have had；has been run 【答案解析】 A。由时间标志词up till now知道，动作是从过去延续到现在，所以第一空要用现在完成时；而根据语境可知时间快要耗光了，所以第二空要用进行时表将来。 Can you tell me the timetable of the_school bus? Well, the bus_here for the _campus at 7:00 Am. Awill leave Bleft Cis leaving Dleaves 【答案解析】 D。考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情，表示一般性动作用一般现在时。 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别【例题1】With our society developing，the level of life in our eountry greatly recentlyAhas been rose Bhas been raised Chad rose Drose【解题指导】此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之一：时间状语不同。一般过去时，常与表示过去时间点的词连用(表示过去某时发生的动作)；而现在完成时常与表示一段时间的词连用(表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态)。抓时间状语是关键：判断是时间点还是时间段。【解析】B。首先根据句中时间状语recently(近来)表示一段时间可知，此处应用现在完成时；再结合句意可知应用被动语态，故答案为B。A项中的动词rise是不及物动词，没有被动语态，故A项不对。【例题2】Look！How clean they are！What with them?Ahave you done Bdid you do Chad you done Ddo you do【解题指导】此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之二：一般过去时表示过去某时的状态或发生的动作，与现在没有什么联系；而现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。因此解题的关键是：结合句意判断这个动作有无影响。【解析】A。过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响就隐藏在句中：How clean they ale!也就是说你的打扫使得房间清洁，强调”你的打扫”的影响和结果，故用现在完成时。【例题3】一I haven“seen you for agesHavent you graduated from college?一Yes，English fouryears in SeijingAstudy Bhave studied Cam studying Dstudied【解题指导】此题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别之三：过去时与一段时间连用表示动作没有持续到现在；而现在完成时与一段时间连用表示动作持续到了现在。结合句意判断动作是否持续到现在是解题的根本所在。【解析】D。“Yes”表明“已经毕业”，也就是说，“已不在北京学习”，即动作没有持续到现在，故用一般过去时。一般过去时与过去进行时的区别一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。近三年全国各地区考查一般过去时与过去进行时的区别的题目有10道。【例题4】I had wanted to help you last night but I couldnt spare my time， for I a composition which I ha