2017-2018学年高二英语下学期知识点检测14.doc

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高二英语语法之虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，常用于表示愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，或与客观事实不符。
一、虚拟条件句：条件状语复合句是非真实情况。
与事实相反
If从句 （谓语时态）
主句 （谓语时态）
现在
did/were
should（could, would,或might）do
过去
had done
should（could, would, 或might）have done
将来
were to do/should do/did
should（could, would, 或might）do
如：1、与现在事实不一致：
If it rained, I would not be here now.
If I _____ (be) you, I ____________ (work) hard at such important point of your life.
2、与过去事实不一致：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.
If I________ (study) hard, I ________________ (not fail) in the exam last term.
3、与将来事实不一致：
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.
If I____________/_____________/_______________ (go) to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
注意：
1、If条件从句不可出现“would”。
2、“混合虚拟”，即主、从句时间不一致，分别根据句中的时间状语，遵守句型表格。
如：If you had asked your teacher yesterday, you would have no questions now.
If you _________ (follow) the doctor’s advice, you ____________ (come) home from the hospital tomorrow.
If you _________ (work) hard now, you ___________ (have) a bright future later on.
3、If的省略：if从句中如果出现were, had（助动词）, should，可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. = Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have been saved.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. =___________________________________
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. =___________________________________
二、名词性虚拟语气：
在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中，用（should）do，如
We insisted/ suggested that the meeting should not be held. （_____从句）
It was required that the crops ___________(harvest) at once. （_____从句）
The recommendation that he ________(invite) was rejected. (_____从句)
Their demand is that their wages_______ (increase). 从句)
常用(should) do虚拟的动词及相应名词：
动词：advise, command, order, require, demand, request, insist, propose, suggest
名词：advice, command, order, requirement, demand, request, insistence, proposal, suggestion
常见句型：1. It is v-ed that …
It is suggested that she (should) take your advice. It is required that you (should) not eat too much.
2. 名词后接的同位语从句中：
Do you know the order has come that no one ______ absent?
He put forward the proposal at the meeting that those diaries (should) be well kept.
3. The +n.+ is/ was that…

My request is that everyone (should) come early next morning.

注意：当insist作“坚持认为、强调说”时，或当suggest作“暗示、表明”时，其后宾语从句不能用虚拟语气，如：Jane’s pale face suggested that she _____ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _____(have) a medical examination.
The man insisted that he _____ (be) not a thief and that he _____________(set) free.

三、其他特殊句型
1. It is important /strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame that … (should) do
It’s important that everyone should know these rules. It’s necessary that he _____________ (send) there at once.
It’s very strange that she _______________ (leave) without a word.
2. wish,If only/How I wish… 用虚拟语气表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
与现在愿望不一致
did/ were
与过去愿望不一致
had done
与未来愿望不一致
would（could）do
I wish I were you. I wish I ___________ (visit) the White House when I was in the states.
I wish I ___________ (meet) you tomorrow at the party.
If only he could come! If only I __________ (know) the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。
3. It’s (about/high) time…+ should do/ 过去时，should 不可以省略
It’s time that you went/should go to school
4. would rather, as if（though），表示过去的情况用had done，表示现在与将来的情况用过去式，如：
I’d rather you ______(return) the book yesterday. I’d rather you _____(post) the letter right away.
She treated the children as if they were her own. Alan talked about Rome as if he ________ (be) there.
5. without, but, but for, otherwise(要不是，否则)常暗含着含蓄条件。
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.

I ___________( come) to the party yesterday, but I ___________(work) then.
I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!
6.even if /even though 引导的让步状语从句，主句和从句虚拟参照虚拟条件句。
Even if Lin Tao were here, I should say the same thing.
Even though he had been ill, he _____________ (go) to his office.
7. in case , lest或for fear that 等引导的从句中，谓语动词多用 (should) do。
She took her raincoat in case /for fear that /lest she ________________ (catch) in the rain.
8. hope, mean, intend, think, expect, plan, want ,suppose表示意图，打算，希望等虚拟表现在这些词本身上，分别用过去时和过去完成时表示现在和过去没有实现的愿望和打算。
I hoped to see him, but I am too busy now. I had hoped to see him, but I was too busy then.

1.—Why didn’t you buy the dictionary?
—I____ , but I ____ the money.
A. would ; didn’t have B. would ; hadn’t had
C. would have;didn’t have D. would have;hadn’t had
2. —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

—I ____ , but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
3.—Yesterday, you should have come.
—I ____but an old friend turned up.
A. had planned to B. planned to
C. have planned to D. had planned
4. If you had had a good sleep, you ___ sleepy now.
A. didn’t feel B. wouldn’t feel
C. wouldn’t have felt D. don′t feel
5. He is supposed ____to the meeting ,but he didn’t.
A. to come B. to have come
C. coming D. to be coming
6. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise we ____ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
7. The man insisted that he ___ the law and ___ free.
A. break; set B. hadn’t broken; set
C. should have broken;be set D. hadn’t broken;be set
8. It's necessary that each child _________ the rules.
A. must obey B. still obey C. obeys D. obey
9. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be B. Should there be
C. There will be D. There should be
10. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
11. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
A. have caught B. had caught
C. could have caught D. were to catch
12. Without your help, I _______ the exam last term.
A. failed in B. would have failed
C. wouldn't pass D. would fail
13. --- “Where have you been?”
--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise ____ sooner.”
A. I would be here B. I have been here
C. I had been here D. I would have been here
14. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were B. had been C. are D. should be
15. If I ____ more time, I could have finished the work better.
A. have been given B. had been given
C. have given D. had given
16. He’ll be busy this afternoon. If he ___ free, he___ to the cinema with you.
A. were to be; might go B. am going to be; will go
C. will be; might have gone D. is; will go
17. Your advice that he ______ is reasonable.
A. will not smoke B. isn’t going to smoke
C. doesn’t smoke D. not smoke
18. But for your help, I ____ the exam.
A. would have passed B. wouldn’t have passed
C. will pass D. had passed
19. It is time you ___ up. Breakfast is ready.
A. get B. got C. gets D. would have got
20. I would rather you ____ to the meeting yesterday.
A. hadn’t come B. didn’t come
C. came D. wouldn’t come
21. It's time that you _____ home and I'd rather you _______ again tomorrow.
A. would go ; would come B. went ; came
C. go ; are coming D. are going ; will come
22. _______ he come, the problem would be settled.
A. Would B. Should C. Shall D. If
23. What would you do if the war ____________.
A. would break out B. were to break out
C. will break out D. is broken out
24. He didn't come yesterday, or you ___ him.
A. had seen B. might have seen
C. were to see D would see
25.____ he would have succeeded in the examinations.
A. If he has worked hard B. If he works hard
C. If he worked hard D. Had he worked hard

希望的灯一旦熄灭，生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德

薄雾浓云愁永昼， 瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。
东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。

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