初中英语冲刺-重难考点梳理与提分攻略（动词时态）.docx

考点一 一般现在时的用法
谓语形式
do/does
例句
用法
表示经常的或习惯性的动作
He often gets up at six every day.
表示现在的状态
My father is at work.
表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征
—Does he speak English?
—Yes,  he does. /No,  he doesn’t.
表示客观事实和普遍真理
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
表示计划安排好的将来动作
The plane takes off at eleven o’clock in the morning.
用在时间、条件状语从句中
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,  we’ll go to the park.
时间状语
always,  usually,  often,  sometimes,  every day,  twice a week,  today,  in the morning,  on Sunday
【特别提示1】
一般现在时用法歌诀
用好一般现在时,时间状语需牢记。
主语人称是三单,动词要把-s/-es添。
基本用法要记清,状语习惯经常性。
客观真理和能力,有时还表将来时。
考点二 现在进行时的用法
谓语形式
am/is/are+ 现在分词
例句
用法
表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作
Look,  I’m watching TV at home.
表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作
They are learning English in the summer holiday.
与always,  forever等词连用表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情感
You are always thinking of your work.
时间状语
now,  today,  these days 等
【拓展迁移】
1. 表示位置移动的动词。如: come, go,  arrive,  leave 等。它们的现在进行时可表示将来。如: Be careful,  the train is coming. 小心, 火车就要来了。
2. 若一个句子以look, listen等祈使语气的动词开头, 常用进行时。如: Listen!  The boys are reading English. 听! 那些男孩在读英语。
考点三 一般过去时的用法
谓语形式
did
例句
用法
过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态
—What did you have for breakfast this morning?
—I had a bowl of noodles.
说话时已不复存在的情况
I didn’t know I lost my pen.
描述过去发生的一连串动作
Just now Bob turned off the light,  closed the door and left.
时间状语
yesterday,  the day before yesterday,  last night,  then,  at that time,  several days ago等。以及由after,  before,  when引导的表示过去的时间状语从句
【特别提示2】 行为动词的一般过去时用法歌诀
一般过去时, 过去发生的事
过去时间作标记,谓语要用过去式;
否定句, 很简单,主语之后didn’t添。
疑问构成有特点,did加在主语前,
后面的动词要还原。
考点四 过去进行时的用法
谓语形式
was/were +现在分词
例句
用法
过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作
—What were you doing at nine last night?  
—I was watching TV.
描述故事情节, 使故事变得生动精彩
The children were leaving school on Tuesday when they saw a truck.
时间状语
at the time,  this time yesterday,  at ten yesterday,  just then,  yesterday morning,  when引导的时间状语从句等
考点五 一般将来时的用法
谓语形式
will/shall/be going to+动词原形
例句
用法
将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态
We will not be free until 7: 30 pm.
表示将来经常或反复发生的动作
I will come to see you every weekend.
有迹象表示某事要发生, 多用be going to
I am afraid it’s going to rain.
表示计划、打算做某事, 多用be going to
He is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
时间状语
tomorrow,  next month,  in a few days,  one day,  when和 after等引导的时间状语从句
【拓展迁移】
下列几种将来时, 一般用 will而不用be going to。
(1)带有意愿色彩的将来时。
(2)问对方意愿或表示客气的邀请或命令时。
(3)有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中。
考点六 现在完成时的用法
谓语形式

have/has+ 过去分词
例句
用法
表示过去已开始, 持续到现在乃至将来的动作
I have worked at this school for 20 years.
表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
She has lost her pen.
have been in + 地点, 表示在某地待过多久
They have been in Beijing for 10 years.
have been to + 地点, 表示曾经到过某地(去了, 已经回来了)
They have been to Beijing twice.
have gone to  地点, 表示到某地去了(去了, 还未回来)
They have gone to Beijing.
 时间状语
already,  yet,  just,  ever,  before,  so far,  since then,  “since + 时间点”,  “for +一段时间”等
【拓展迁移】
1. “终止”“延续”相转换
“瞬间动词”, 必须转换为意思相近的延续性动词, 才能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。如: begin/start→be on; borrow →keep; buy→ have /own等。
I have kept that book for one month.
2. “点”“段”时间须分清
在与since和for短语连用时, since 后面跟“时间点”, for后面跟“一段时间”。
考点七 过去完成时的用法
谓语形式
had+过去分词
例句
用法
表示在过去的过去发生的动作或存在的状态
She had left by the time I arrived.
表示从过去某一时间持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态
He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.
表示过去未能实现的希望或愿望
I had hoped to see you,  but there was no time at that time.
时间状语
two days,  as soon as,  already,  yet,  never,  hardly,  by+表过去的时间点,  before 从句, when从句
【拓展迁移】
过去完成时以过去时间为基点, 更强调“过去的过去”, 只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时, 才用到它。
【图解】

过去的过去　过去 现在
【真题再现】
一、一般现在时
(　　)1. (2021·北京中考)—Lily,  what do you usually do after school?
—I______exercise with my friends.  
A. do　　　　 　B. did　　　　 　C. will do　　　 　D. was doing
(　　)2. (2021·绥化中考)She will fly to Haikou as soon as she______ the task.  
A. finish B. finishes C. finished
(　　)3. (2021·乐山中考)—What’s your plan for the summer holiday?
—I’ll go to Chengdu as soon as the school term __  
A. end B. ends C. will end
(　　)4. (2021·贺州中考)I don’t know if Lucy ______to Jack’s party next Sunday. If she ______, so will I.  
A. goes; goes B. will go; will go
C. goes; will go D. will go; goes
(　　)5. (2021·凉山中考)—I often see Peter’s father play basketball on my way to school.
—That’s not strange. Not only Peter but also his father ______sports.  
A. enjoy B. enjoys C. enjoyed  D. was enjoyed
二、一般过去时
(　　)1. (2021·北京中考)My parents and I______trees last Sunday.  
A. plant  B. will plant C. are planting  D. planted
(　　)2. (2020·武汉中考) Sally ______where she had left the car and the police found it this morning.  
A. forgot B. has forgotten　
C. forgets D. had forgotten
(　　)3. (2020·海南中考) Eric often ______his aunt before he moved to the city.  
A. has visited　 B. visits　 C. visited
三、现在进行时
(　　)1. (2021·海南中考)— Jerry, can you give me a hand?
— Just a minute, I ______an e-mail.  
A. have sent　　　　　B. am sending　　　　　C. was sending
(　　)2. (2021·北京中考)—Peter,  what are you doing?
—Oh, I______a report about national heroes.  
A. will write　　　　　 B. am writing
C. wrote D. have written
(　　)3. (2021·抚顺中考)—The classroom is so quiet.
—Yes, all the students______for the final exam.  
A. prepare B. preparedC. will prepare D. are preparing
(　　)4. (2021·湖南株洲中考)Look!  All the students ______English poems. Please take a photo for the parents.  
A.are reading B. have read 　　C. read
四、现在完成时
(　　)1. (2021·南京中考)I saw Julia in April and I ______her since then.  
A. don’t see　　　B. didn’t see　　　C. won’t see　　　D. haven’t seen
(　　)2. (2021·青海中考)—I lost my cellphone in the shopping mall yesterday.
—Why not go to the Lost and Found? They ______one.  
A. found   B. have found   C. had found
(　　)3. (2021·北京中考)Mr Smith______Chinese for two years. He’s much better at it now.  
A. learns B. was learning  C. has learned  D. will learn
(　　)4. (2021·乐山中考)Alex,  go and clean your bedroom.
一I______it. It’s tidy and clean now.  
A. have cleaned B. cleaned C. clean
五、一般将来时
(　　)1. (2021·铜仁中考)—Has your father come back yet?
—No. He______ come back ______this Sunday.  
A. doesn’t; until　　　　　　 B. won’t;  after
C. doesn’t; after D. won’t;  until
(　　)2. (2021·吉林中考)Mr Green ______a new bike for his daughter tomorrow.  
A. buys　　　　　B. bought　　　　　C. will buy
(　　)3. (2021·北京中考)—Could you please tell me______?  
—Next Thursday morning.
A. when we visited the Capital Museum
B. when did we visit the Capital Museum
C. when we will visit the Capital Museum
D. when will we visit the Capital Museum
(　　)4. (2021·达州中考) —I wonder if Li Hua ______to the hospital to receive COVID-19 vaccinations (疫苗接种).  
—I’m sure he will if he ______time.  
A. goes; will have B. will go; has
C. will go; will have D. goes; has
六、过去进行时
(　　)1. (2021·呼和浩特中考)—Did you see Dorothy? She just came back from abroad.
—Yes. But she ______someone, so I nodded to her and went away.  
A. phones B. is phoning
C. was phoning D. has phoned
(　　)2. (2021·滨州中考)—Do you know where your brother is,  Mark?
—Sorry. I ______about a question and didn’t hear what you had said.  
A. was thinking B will think
C. am thinking D. was thought
(　　)3. (2021·河北中考) I saw Bob in the garden. He ______flowers there.  
A. waters　 　　B. has watered　　　C. is watering　　　D. was watering
七、过去完成时
(　　)1. (2020·绥化中考) By the time the teacher came,  we ______cleaning the classroom.  
A. finished 　　　B. have finished 　　　C. had finished
(　　)2. (2020·武汉中考改编) Sally forgot where she ______the car and the police found it this morning.  
A. left B. would leave C. has left　　　　D. had left
【参考答案】
一、ABBDB二DAC
三、BBDA四、DBCA
五、DCCB六、CADCD
【提分攻略】
一、动词填空的四个暗示和两个确定:
（一）四个暗示
1. 时间状语暗示。如出现yesterday要用过去式; 如有now则用一般现在时或现在进行时;
2. 语言情景暗示。如出现Look, Listen可判断动作正在发生, 用现在进行时;
3. 上下文暗示。(如1、5)
4. 前后动词暗示。由并列连词and, but,  or等连接的句子, 可根据前后动词的时态一致来确定。
（二）两个确定
1. 确定语态。主要看主语与谓语的关系;
2. 确定时态。分简单句和复合句两种:
(1)对简单句, 主要靠上面的“四个暗示”来确定。
(2)对复合句, 主要是把握“两个”原则:
①“主将从现原则”。在含条件状语从句或时间状语从句的主从复合句中, 主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。
②“时态一致原则”。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中, 当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时, 从句的谓语动词需用相应的某种过去时态(表示客观真理时用一般现在时); 主句时态为现在时态, 从句时态可根据具体情况而定。
二、现在完成时用法
英语现在完成时, 谓语结构要牢记;
“have/has+过去分词”, 主要用法有两个;
动作发生在过去, 结果影响到现在;
常用just, already, 过去的动作或状态;
一直延续到现在, for和since把时间带。
三、一般将来时的构成形式
肯定式: 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他.
I will buy a new car.
我将买一辆新汽车。
否定式: 主语+won’t/shall not+动词原形+其他.
I won’t buy a new car.
我将不买一辆新汽车。
疑问式: Will/Shall+主语+动词原形+其他?
Will you buy a new car?
你将买一辆新汽车吗?
【特别提示3】
一般将来时用法歌诀
一般将来时, 将要发生事。
谓语不一般, will加动原。
要变一般疑问句, will放在主语前。
否定句也不难, will后面not添。
四、过去进行时的构成形式
肯定式: 主语+ was/were+现在分词+其他.
否定式: 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+现在分词+其他.
I wasn’t doing my homework at eight last night.
昨天晚上八点钟我没在做家庭作业。
疑问式: Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他?
Was it snowing last night?
昨晚一直在下雪吗?
【提分专练】
1. — Sam, what do you sometimes do on Saturday?
— I ________ exercise with my cousins.
A. did B. will do C. do D. am doing
2. My sister Mary ________ French for three years. She is much better at it now.
A. learned B. learns C. will learn D. has learned
3. —What did you do last weekend?
—I ________ Universal Studios Beijing (环球影城) with my friends.
A. visit B. were visiting C. visited D. have visited
4. —Sam, where is your brother?
—He ________ his friend in the study now.
A. called B. calls C. is calling D. will call
5. —Excuse me, is it my turn to enter the doctor’s office now?
—Not yet. Please wait here until your name ________.
A. calls B. will be called C. is called D. is calling
6. Tom’s handwriting is the best in the class, his teacher ________ this.
A. take pride in B. take part in C. takes pride in D. takes part in
7. She used to ________ a bus to school, but now she is used to ________ to school.
A. taking; walk B. take; walk C. taking; walking D. take; walking
8. I don’t know if Eric ________ this Sunday. If he ________ here, I will call you at once.
A. will come; will come B. come; comes C. comes; will come D. will come; comes
9. —The teacher tells us that P.E will be more and more important in the Entrance Examination for the high school (中考).
—Don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them.
A. is paid B. will be paid C. will pay D. pays
10. —There ________ a noisy factory here, but now it has changed into a beautiful park.
— How lucky you are to live here!
A. used to have B. used to be
C. was used to have D. was used to be
11. It is 4:30 p.m.. Ben and Leon ________ their work, so they are playing chess now.
A. are finishing B. have finished C. will finish D. finished
12. Both of his parents look sad. Maybe they ________ what’s happened to him.
A. knew B. have known C. had known D. will know
13. —I didn’t see Amy today.
—She is ill. She ________ in hospital since Monday.
A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
14. Our Physics teacher once told us that light ________ faster than sound.
A. travels B. travelling C. travelled D. travel
15. Could you tell me ________ a meeting in Guangzhou next week?
A. if is there going to be B. if there is going to have
C. if there was going to be D. if there is going to be
16. —How does Jack usually go to school?
—He ________ ride a bike, but now he ________ there to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walking
C. used to; is used to walking D. was used to; used to walk
17. Tom lives near school, so he usually ________ to school.
A. walk B. walked C. walks D. is walking
18. I ________ dinner when Jim telephoned me yesterday evening.
A. am having B. had C. have D was having
19. —What would your teacher like to drink?
—He __________ Coke, but now he __________ tea.
A. used to drink; is used to drinking B. used to drinking; drinks
C. is used to drinking; used to drink D. is used to drink; is drinking
20. —I hear that a roster (公鸡) __________ on the ground __________ that he __________ an egg yesterday.
—What a joke!
A. lying; lied; laid B. laying; lay; lain
C. lying; laid; lay D. laying; lied; lain
21. —Ley’s go hiking if it __________ fine tomorrow.
—But nobody knows if it __________.
A. is; rains B. will be; rains C. is; will rain D. will be; will rain
22. —Look! Someone ________ up the classroom.
—Yes. It’s very clean now. But who did it?
A. is cleaning B. cleans C. has cleaned D. will clean
23. The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. traveling C. travels D. travel
24. —What did you do last night?
—I ________ a report in the office.
A. wrote B. write C. will write D. have written  
25. —Has Alice gone to Hong Kong?
—Not yet. But I know she ________ her holiday there in a month.
A. spends B. was spending C. has spent D. is going to spend
26. —Do you know there ________ a football match in five days?
—Yes, I have bought the ticket.
A. will be B. is C. has been D. was
27. Since we began to use the Internet, our lives ________ a lot.
A. change B. had changed C. will change D. have changed
28. — John ________ off the tree while he _______ up it.  
— I’m sorry to hear that.
A. fell; was climbing B. was falling; was climbing
C. was falling; climbed D. has fallen; was climbing
29. Don’t give up, Ben. If you keep on trying, you ________ progress soon.
A. make B. made C. will make D. are making
30. Mr. Smith ________ in an animal hospital since 2008.
A. works B. worked C. will work D. has worked
31. — Phew! Have you been smoking again? Your breath smells terrible.
— Well, I ________ a cigarette in the car on the way home.
A. have had B. will have C. was having D. had
32. —I can’t find my keys!
—Don’t panic. Let’s review where you ________ it last time.
A. used B. have used C. use D. had used
33. Could you tell me ________?
A. how many students are there in your class. B. when will you leave for Beijing
C. who has taken my red pen. D. how long that film started.
34. The professor ________ his hometown for many years.
A. has been to B. has gone away C. has been away from D. has left
35. Jack ________ his hands in class very often when he was a student.
A. raises B. raised C. rose D. rises
36. —Where’s your brother? I want to borrow his i-pad.
—He ________ his car in the garden. You can find him there.
A. will wash B. washes C. is washing D. has washed
37. — Alice, don’t ________ on the floor.
— I am sorry, Mum. Look! The old hen is ________ eggs.
A. lay; laying B. lie; lay C. lay; lie D. lie; laying
38. —If you ________ another chance next time, can you do it better, Tom?
—That’s for sure. Believe in me!
A. give B. will give C. are given D. will be given
39. — Only a little of the Old Summer Palace(圆明园) ________ after the big fire.
—What a pity!
A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. will be remain
40. —Dad, I couldn’t turn on my computer yesterday but I have to use it today.
—Oh, I ________ it. You can work on it now.
A. will fix B. am fixing C. fixed D. have fixed
41. —Remember the first time we met, Jim?
—Of course I do. You ________with Mr. Huang at the school gate.
A. are talking B. were talking C. will talk D. talked
参考答案
1. C
【解析】句意：——山姆，你周六有时候会做什么？——我和我的堂兄弟们一起锻炼。
考查一般现在时。根据问句“what do yo