初中英语冲刺-重难考点梳理与提分攻略（动词语态语气）.docx

考点一 各种时态的被动语态的构成
　　被动语态是由“be + 过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有(PP代表过去分词):
常用时态
被动结构
例句
一般现在时
am/is/are+PP
English is spoken by many people in the world.
一般过去时
was/were+PP
They were given a warm send-off.
一般将来时
will/shall be+PP
A new bridge will be built over the river next year.
现在进行时
am/is/are+being+PP
I think we are being followed.  
过去进行时
was/were +being+PP
They told me that they were being questioned by the police.
现在完成时
have/has been+PP
All flights have been cancelled because of the fog.  
过去完成时
had been+PP
He asked if Mary had been sent to hospital.
含情态动词
can/may/must be+PP
Something must be done to stop these accidents.
【图解】

考点二 主动语态变被动语态的方法
主动语态变为被动语态时, 通常遵循以下三个步骤:
(1)首先把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)再把主动语态的谓语动词改为与其时态相对应的被动形式, 且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。
(3)最后将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语, 置于句后。“by + 宾语”在句中常省略。如下图所示
【注意】主动语态变被动语态的两个特殊点
(一)含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句
1. 常把间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语仍然放在动词后面不变。
2. 用直接宾语作被动句的主语时, 间接宾语前有时要加介词to(在send, pass,  write,  give,  show,  bring等动词之后)或for (在buy,  cook,  make,  order,  choose等动词之后)。
(二)含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句
1. 由形容词、名词作宾语补足语的句子, 变为被动语态时, 只需把宾语变为主语即可。
2. 在主动句中, 不定式用作动词: 请(please)、听(hear, listen to)、观(look at,  see,  notice,  watch)、感(feel)、使(make,  have)、让(let)、助(help)等的宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号“to”, 但在变为被动语态时要加上“to”。
【拓展迁移】
“主动变被动, 时态不用动”, 即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态一致。
【特别提示】
感使动词的主动与被动口诀
感使动词好奇怪,
to来to去费神猜。
主动句里to拿走,
被动句中to回来。
【真题再现】
一、被动语态的构成与用法
(　 　)1.  (2021·福建中考) Many research labs______ in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.   
A. are building　　　　B. will be built　　　　C. were built
(　 　)2. (2021·北京中考)Today,  many winter Olympic sports ______even by children.  
A. enjoyed　 　　B. enjoy　 　　C. were enjoyed　 　　D. are enjoyed
(　 　)3. (2021·包头中考)Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it ______to the world.  
A. was known B. is known
C. has been known D. knows
(　 　)4. (2021·梧州中考)In our English class, many chances______to students to show themselves.  
A. offer B. are offered
C. offered D. are offering
二、主动语态与被动语态的转化
1. (2021·天水中考)Finally, the police officer caught the thief.  (改为被动语态)
Finally, the thief ________ by the police officer.  
2. (2020·上海中考)The 13-year-old one-armed basketball player attracted a lot of fans. (改为被动语态)
A lot of fans ________ ________ by the 13-year-old one-armed basketball player.
3. (2020·天水中考) We will solve the problem in two weeks. (改为被动语态)
The problem will ________ ________ by us in two weeks.
【参考答案】
一、BDCB
二、1.Finally, the thief was caught by the police officer.  
2.A lot of fans were attracted by the 13-year-old one-armed basketball player.
3. The problem will be solved by us in two weeks.
【提分攻略】
一、两步解决语态题
Step 1: 判定语态
1. 观察是否有被动语态的标志词by;
2. 看动词与主语的关系, 主语是动作的承受者时, 用被动语态;
3. 如果是“物”作主语, 有可能用被动语态。
Step 2: 确定时态
寻找时间状语或上下文暗示时态的词, 确定具体用什么时态。
二、主动语态变被动语态口诀
宾语提前主语变,时态人称be关键;
过去分词勿变错,原主变宾by后见。
【提分专练】
1. Pay attention, please! Nobody ________ with others during an exam.
A. is allowed talking B. allows talking C. is allowed to talk D. allows to talk
2. In the story A Christmas Carol, Marley was mean, so he ________ after he died.
A. punished B. was punished C. is punished D. punishes
3. —It is reported that the Shenzhou-13 spaceship ________ into space successfully on October 16th, 2021.
— How proud we Chinese are!
A. sent B. is sent C. was sent D. sends
4. It was said that enough money ________ for the children in the earthquake area.
A. raised B. will raise C. was raised D. has raised
5. The 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games ________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou next year.
A. holds B. will hold C. were held D. will be held
6. To ensure (确保) the safety and health of athletes and all the people, tickets for Beijing Winter Olympics ________ only to domestic audience (境内观众) in December.
A. were sold B. will sell C. sell D. will be sold
7. It is difficult for us to know ahead of time when an earthquake will ________.
A. be taken place B. happen C. take place D. be happened
8. —Mum, my bike is broken. It needs ________.
—What a pity! Your dad will have it ________ soon. Don’t worry.
A. repairing; repaired B. to be repaired; repairing
C. to repair; to repair D. repairing; to be repaired
9. One’s first birthday is a special event in China and it ________ with a special party.
A. shows B. celebrates C. is shown D. is celebrated
10. Chinese tea________ to many countries around the world every year.
A. sends B. sent C. is sent D. was sent
11. —What does the sign say?
—Parcels ________ from the post office between 9 a. m. to 5p. m.
A. can collect B. can be collected C. dare collect D. dare be collected
12. —These days, teenagers often have to do what they ________ to do.
—It’s not good for their independence. They need to think on their own.
A. tell B. are telling C. are told
13. Many children don’t know that wood ________ paper.
A. used to make B. is used to make C. is used to making D. are used for
14. —I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning.
—You know they________by the hard-working cleaners every day.
A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean
15. The streets __________ many times every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned D. are cleaned
16. In China, red ________ celebrations and people ________ this custom (习俗).
A. is used for; are used to B. is used to; are used for C. is used to; are used to D. is used for; are used for
17. Can you tell me how often these flowers  _________?
A. require watering B. require watered
C. are required watering D. are required to water
18. — Perfect photos! Good skills!
— Thanks. They ________ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I’m not skillful at all.
A. took B. is taken C. were taken D. will be taken
19. To keep our classroom clean and tidy,the floor must ________ every day.
A. sweep B. be sweeping C. be swept
20. We all know that Anti-Japanese War ________ in 1937 and ________ for eight years.
A. broken out was lasted B. was broken; lasted C. broke out; lasted D. was broken out; was lasted
21. —Your classroom looks so clean and tidy!         
—Yes, it ________ every day.
A. cleans B. cleaning C. cleaned D. is cleaned
22. At home, students should ________ to look after themselves from a young age.
A. educate B. be educated C. are educating D. are educated
23. Over $30,000 ________ for a children’s hospital by a British girl several months ago.
A. raised B. was raised C. rose D. was risen
24. — These days, teenagers often have to do what they ________ to.
— It’s not good for their independence. They need to think on their own.
A. tell B. are telling C. are told
25. The books ________for two weeks.
A. may be kept B. may keep C. borrow D. are borrowed
26. The number of Tik Tok users (抖音用户) ________ sharply since Tik Tok ________ in 2016.
A. has risen; appeared B. have been risen appeared
C. have raised; was appeared D. has been raised; was appeared
27. —There are more and more Confucius Institutes in many other countries.
—Yes. Chinese ________ in those countries. I am proud of that as a Chinese.
A. speaks B. is speaking C. is spoken D. spoke
28. Susan, do your homework quickly. We’ll go for a picnic as soon as your homework ________.
A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished
29. Because of the COVID-19, Tokyo Olympics ________ one year later in 2021 in Japan.
A. hold B. are held
C. will hold D. will be held
30. The physicists propose that our attention ________the use of special methods of thinking and acting.
A. would be directed towards B. be directed towards
C. is directed towards D. direct towards
31. —“The president made a brilliant decision, didn’t he?”
—“Yes, he did. I don’t know what I would have done if I ________to make that decision.”
A. were B. had had C. have had D. had
32. The boy insisted that he ________old enough, and ________the right to make his own choice.
A. was; be given B. was; was given C. be; give D. is; given
33. Housing prices ________ since a few years ago. Therefore, it’s time the central government ________ some effective measures to bring them under control.
A. have increased; would take B. have increased; will take
C. have been increasing; takes D. have been increasing; took
34. ________ you read the instructions closely, you would know what I ________ referring to now.
A. Had, was B. Should, am C. Had, am D. If, was
35. —What do you think of the American singer Lady Gaga’s performance?
—Too crazy, but if I ______ to her concerts held yesterday, I would have enjoyed it.
A. would go B. went C. had gone D. should go
36. If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river ________ so seriously now.
A. is not polluted B. would not be polluted C. had not been polluted D. would not have been polluted
37. If we ________ more time, we could do it better.
A. were given B. are given C. is given D. is giving
38. I suggested you ________ the problem in another new way.
A. solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved
39. —He suggests that his friend _________ to Beijing right now.
—I think it’s a good ________.
A. should fly; advice B. will fly; suggestion C. flies; advise D. fly; suggestion
40. —I should have been more careful in the exam.
—It is a great pity that you __________.
A. didn’t B. haven’t C. were not D. are not
41. I suggest that we Chinese people_______Chinese culture with love and joy everywhere we go.
A. spread B. spreading C. to spread D. will spread
42. She doesn’t stick to her exercises and a balanced diet. If she _______ she would remain slim and healthy.
A. had done B. would do C. did D. should
43. You _______ through that red light, for you _______ an accident.
A. must have driven; should have caused B. could have driven; might have caused
C. couldn’t have driven; should have caused D. shouldn’t have driven; could have caused
44. _______ in order to sit for the college entrance exam?
A. What did she suggest he read B. What did she suggest he reads
C. Did she suggest for him to read D. Did she suggest what he read
45. Luckily, he wasn’t driving fast at the time of accident; otherwise, I am sure, it a more serious accident.
A. would be B. were C. would have been D. had been
参考答案
1. C
【解析】句意：请注意！考试期间任何人都不允许与他人交谈。
考查被动语态和动词不定式。allow允许，常用于句型allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，主语“Nobody”与动词构成被动关系，应用被动语态，排除B和D；后面仍跟动词不定式。故选C。
2. B
【解析】句意：在故事《圣诞颂歌》中，马利很刻薄，所以他死后被惩罚了。
考查被动语态。punish意为“惩罚”，和主语he之间构成被动关系，应该用被动语态。根据从句“after he died”用了一般过去时，可知此处也用一般过去时。被动语态一般过去时的结构为was/were done，故选B。
3. C
【解析】句意：——据报道，神舟十三号宇宙飞船于2021年10月16日成功送入太空。——我们中国人多么自豪啊！
考查被动语态。根据句意可知，空格所在句中的spaceship在句中作主语并且与动词send之间是被动关系；根据句中的时间“on October 16th, 2021”属于过去的时间，故句子考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据一般过去时的被动语态构成“was/were+动词的过去分词”，句子的主语（spaceship）是第三人称单数，故用was sent。故选C。
4. C
【解析】句意：据说足够的钱被筹集给了地震灾区的孩子们。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。raise意为“筹集”，主语“enough money”与动词raise之间是动宾关系，此处用被动语态；主句用一般过去时，从句也要用过去时态。故选C。
5. D
【解析】句意：2022年冬奥会和残奥会将于明年在北京和张家口举行。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next year（明年）”可知，此句时态应用一般将来时；根据语境可知，主语“The 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games（2022年冬奥会和残奥会）”和谓语动词“hold（举办）”是被动关系，所以此句应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
6. D
【解析】句意：为了确保运动员和所有人的安全和健康，今年12月北京冬季奥运会的门票将只向国内观众出售。
考查动词时态。were sold一般过去时的被动语态；will sell一般将来时，主动语态；sell一般现在时，主动语态；will be sold一般将来时的被动语态；分析句子可知，主语tickets for Beijing Winter Olympics与谓语动词sell之间是被动关系，且时间状语 in December，表示将来的时间，因此，此处使用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will/shall+be+动词的过去分词，sell的过去分词是sold。故选D。
7. B
【解析】句意：提前知道地震发生的时间对我们而言是很困难的。
考查被动语态和动词辨析。happen常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的事件“发生”；take place指某事按计划进行或按计划“发生”。happen与take place均不能用于被动语态。地震发生是不可预测的，所以要用happen。故选B。
8. A
【解析】句意：——妈妈，我的自行车坏了。它需要修理。——真遗憾！你爸爸很快就会让人把它修好的。别担心。
考查非谓语动词。need doing需要被做主动表被动，故第一个空为repairing；have sth. done让人做某事，故第二个空为repaired。故选A。
9. D
【解析】句意：在中国，一个人的一岁生日是一件特殊的事情，人们会用一个特殊的派对来庆祝。
考查动词辨析和一般现在时的被动语态。show展示；celebrate庆祝。根据“One’s first birthday is a special event in China”可知，是庆祝生日，本句时态是一般现在时，主语it是动作celebrate的承受者，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故选D。
10. C
【解析】句意：中国茶每年被运往世界各地。
考查被动语态Chinese tea与send构成被动关系，所以应用被动语态，表示“中国茶被运往”。再结合“every year”可知，本题应用一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态构成是am/is/are done。故选C。
11. B
【解析】句意：——牌子上说什么？——包裹可以在上午9点到下午5点之间从邮局取走。
考查被动语态。 can可以，dare敢，两者均为情态动词，但dare用于否定句或者疑问句，故排除；主语Parcels与collect之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。故选B。
12. C
【解析】句意：——如今，青少年经常不得不做别人要求做的事情。——这对他们的独立性没有好处。他们需要独立思考。
考查被动语态。根据题干语境可知，宾语从句的主语they代指teenagers，是谓语动词tell的承受者，所以二者是被动关系，故应用被动语态；又根据主句的时态（一般现在时）可知，从句时态不受限制，因为是在陈述客观事实，所以从句也用一般现在时，综合判断，应用一般现在时的被动语态（be done）。故选C。
13. B
【解析】句意：许多孩子不知道木头是用来造纸的。
考查一般现在时被动语态。used to make过去常常制作；is used to make被用来制作；is used to making习惯制作；are used for被用来。根据“wood …paper”可知，木头是被用来造纸的，从句意上排除A和C选项。D选项少了动词make，故排除D选项，故选B。
14. B
【解析】句意：——我喜欢早晨走在干净的街道上。——你知道它们每天都被辛勤工作的清洁工打扫干净。
考查被动语态。主语they和动词clean是被动关系，再根据every day可知用一般现在时，其构成为am/ is/ are done，主语是they，用are，故选B。
15. D
【分析】

【解析】句意：街道每天被清扫很多次。
考查被动语态。“The streets”和“clean”是被动关系，应用被动语态，由“every day”可知，时态为一般现在时，所以此处为一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be done。故选D。
16. A
【解析】句意：在中国，红色是用于庆典，中国人都习惯于这种习俗。
考查动词短语辨析。be used for sth.被用于某事；be used to sth.习惯于某事，都是固定结构。结合题干“red…celebrations and people…this custom”，可知前半句是说红色用于庆典，后半句是说这是中国的一种习俗，故选A。
17. A
【解析】句意：你能告诉我这些花需要多久浇一次水吗？
考查require用法。当某物作主语，谓语动词是need，want，require等时，它的宾语可以用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式。如require doing=require to be done。故选A。
18. C
【解析】句意：——完美的照片！好技能！——谢谢。是我的华为手机拍的。事实上，我一点都不熟练。
考查一般过去时被动语态。“拍照”这件事情是发生在过去，要用一般过去时，且主语they（photos）与动词take之间是被动关系，故此处应用一般过去时被动语态，故选C。
19. C
【解析】句意：为了保持教室干净整洁，地板必须每天打扫。
考查被动语态。主语floor与动词sweep之间是被动关系，故此处应用含有情态动词的被动语态must be done的结构，故选C。
20. C
【解析】句意：我们都知道抗日战争爆发于1937年，持续了八年。
考查动词。break打破，弄坏；break out爆发；last持续。break out 和 last 都是不及物动词，都不能用于被动语态，其过去式是broken out和lasted，所以第一空格处填“broke out爆发”，第二空格处填“lasted持续”。故选C。
21. D
【解析】句意：——你的教室看起来如此干净整洁。——是的，它每天被打扫。
考查被动语态。根据语境可知，教室是被打扫的。根据句中的“every day”可知，使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
【点睛】
易错分析：易错选为A。容易错误地根据“every day”选择为一般现在时的主动语态。
22. B
【解析】句意：在家里，应该教育学生从小照顾自己。
考查被动语态。主语是 students，和谓语动词educate之间存在被动意义，should是情态动词，应该，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，其结构是should be done的形式，educate是动词，教育，过去分词是educated，故选B。
23. B
【解析】句意：几个月前，一名英国女孩为一家儿童医院筹集了3万多美元。
考查动词辨析及被动语态。“$30,000”与动词“raise”之间构成被动关系，要用被动语态，根据“several months ago”可知，时态为一般过去时，所以为一般过去时的被动语态，排除AC选项；raise筹集，及物动词；rise上升，不及物动词。“rise”是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除D选项；此处表示筹集了3万多美元。故选B。
24. C
【解析】句意：——如今，青少年经常不得不做别人要求做的事情。——这不利于他们的独立性。他们需要自己思考。
考查被动语态。tell主动语态，一般现在时；are telling主动语态，现在进行时；are told被动语态，一般现在时。根据题干语境可知，宾语从句的主语they代指teenagers，是谓语动词tell的承受者，所以二者是被动关系，故应用被动语态；又根据主句的时态（一般现在时）可知，从句的谓语动词应为一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词；主语they 是第三人称复数形式，动词be应为are，tell的过去分词为told。故选C。
25. A
【解析】句意：这些书可以借两个星期。
考查被动语态和延续性动词。keep和borrow都可表示“借”，区别在于keep是延续性动词，borrow是短暂性动词。题干中for two weeks表示“两周”，是时间段，则此处只能用延续性动词，先排除CD选项；其次，主语books和谓语keep是被动关系，may表示“可以”，情态动词，则此处应用含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构是：主语+情态动词+be done。故选A。
26. A
【解析】句意：自2016年抖音出现以来，其用户数量急剧上升。
考查主谓一致和时态语态。题干是由since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，其主语“The number of Tik Tok users”表示“抖音用户的数量”，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，排除选项B和C；从句用一般过去时，appear表示“出现”，是不及物动词，没有被动形式，排除选项D；选项A时态语态和谓语的形式都符合语法规则，故选A。
【点睛】
难点突破：本题的难点在于掌握the number of...作主语时谓语动词的形式，以及不及物动词的判断。
27. C