英语中形容词的用法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页一、形容词定义一、形容词定义用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物性表示人或事物性质质,状态状态,和特征词称为形容词。和特征词称为形容词。二、形容词使用方法：二、形容词使用方法：1.作定语，普通作定语，普通放在名词放在名词之前。之前。eg.Itsasunnydaytoday.今天是个阳光灿烂日子。今天是个阳光灿烂日子。第2页eg.Shehasaredcoat.她有一件红色外套。她有一件红色外套。itsabeautifulbutterfly.这是只漂亮蝴蝶这是只漂亮蝴蝶Whatafineday!多好天气！Thisisaninterestingstory.这是一个有趣故事。Kittyisaclevercat.Kitty是一只聪明猫。第3页2.做后置定语做后置定语放在放在不定代词不定代词something，anything，nothing，everything等之后等之后Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink？你想喝点热饮料你想喝点热饮料吗？吗？我有主要事要告诉你。我有主要事要告诉你。电影里有什么有趣内容吗？电影里有什么有趣内容吗？这儿一点都不危险。这儿一点都不危险。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm?Thereisnothingdangeroushere.第4页Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.他发生了严重事故。Isthereanythingnewintodaysnewspaper.今天报纸有什么新内容吗？Areyoudoinganythingimportanttonight?你今晚有主要事吗？Heassomethinginterestingtotellyou.他有些有趣事要告诉你。第5页与介宾短语或不定式短语配合使用时一与介宾短语或不定式短语配合使用时一起放在被修饰名词之后起放在被修饰名词之后。Thisisaglassfullofwater.这是一个装满水玻璃杯。这是一个装满水玻璃杯。Heisapersoneasytogetalongwith.他是一个轻易相处人。他是一个轻易相处人。Africaisacontinentverydifficulttoreach.非洲是一块极难抵达大陆。非洲是一块极难抵达大陆。Theoldfishermandraggedupanoldbasketfullofsand.老渔夫拖上来一只装满沙子旧篮子。老渔夫拖上来一只装满沙子旧篮子。第6页与表示长，宽，高，重，老，远离词连用时后置。heisaman1.8metrestall.他是一位身高1.8米男士。Beijingisacity1213kilometersawayfromhere.北京是一个离这里1213公里之外城市。Hecrossedastreet15metreswide.他穿过一条15米宽街道。第7页2.形容词形容词作表语，放在作表语，放在连系动词连系动词后面。后面。存在存在类：类：belooksoundtastesmellfeelseemprove连续连续类类:staykeepremain改变改变类类:becometurngetgrow第8页eg.Helookshappytoday.他今天看起来得很高兴他今天看起来得很高兴Ifeelverytiredafterplayingfootball.踢球之后我以为很累。踢球之后我以为很累。YaoMingisverytall.姚明非常高。姚明非常高。Ourclassroomisbigandbright.我们教室又大又明亮。我们教室又大又明亮。第9页Thepricesoundsreasonable.这个价格听起来合理。Hislifebecomesmoreandmorebetter.他生活变得越来越好。Pricesremainstablethroughout.物价一直保持稳定状态。第10页3.形容词形容词用作宾语补足语用作宾语补足语，放在，放在宾语宾语之后。之后。（在动词（在动词consider，find，believe，think，make，get，keep等词后惯用形容词做宾补）eg.Dontkeepthedooropen.别让门敞着。别让门敞着。Hissuccessmadehimhappy.他成功让他感到幸福。他成功让他感到幸福。Dontmakeyourhandsdirty.别让你手弄脏了。别让你手弄脏了。Weretryingtomakeourschoolbeautiful.我们要使校园变漂亮。我们要使校园变漂亮。第11页4.多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其次序为多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其次序为:限定词限定词（冠词（冠词指示代词指示代词形容词性物形容词性物主代词）主代词）描绘性形容词（大小、长短、高描绘性形容词（大小、长短、高低、形状低、形状、年纪、新旧年纪、新旧、颜色、颜色）国籍国籍地域地域出处出处物质材料物质材料用途用途类别类别+名名词词县县官官行行令令宴宴国国才才Asmallroundwoodentable一张小圆木桌一张小圆木桌Atallwhitebuilding一幢高大白色建筑物一幢高大白色建筑物AfamousAmericanmedicalschool一个非常著名美国医学院一个非常著名美国医学院第12页Thereisafamousfineoldstonebridgenearthevillage.村子附近有一座著名漂亮古代石桥。Iboughtacheapblueplasticpencilboxyesterday.昨天我买了一个廉价蓝色塑料铅笔盒Theyhavegotaroundbrownwoodentable.他们有一张褐色木制圆桌。第13页1.Onedaytheycrossedthe_bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold第14页形容词级别形容词级别大多数形容词有三个级别:原级：即形容词原形,用来说明人或事物特征。如：small,good,pretty,big,clever,tall等。Mybrotherisclever.Todayishot.第15页比较级：用在两个人或物之间比较。如：small（小）-smaller（更小）good（好）-better（更加好）tall（高）-taller（更高）,old（旧）-older（更旧）,many/much（多）more（更多）等。TomistallerthanBob.Iamtallerthanmybrother.第16页最高级：用来比较三个或三个以上人或物。small(小)-thesmallest(最小)tall(高)-thetallest（最高）new(新)-thenewest（最新）good(好)-thebest（最好）Maryistheyoungestinmyclass.第17页规则改变规则改变单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 1)1)普通情况加普通情况加 er 或或 est fast faster fastest high higher highest clever cleverer cleverest 第18页talltallertallestnarrownarrowernarrowestsmallyoungNewlongyoungersmallestsmalleryoungestnewernewestlongerlongest第19页 2)2)以字母以字母 e 结尾加结尾加 r 或或 st fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest第20页widewiderwidestrudebraveableablerablestbraverbravestruderrudest第21页3)3)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结尾变结尾变 y 为为 i 加加 er 或或 est early earlier earliest easy easier easiest lucky luckier luckiest 第22页heavyHappyeasyheavierheaviesthappierhappiesteasiereasiest第23页4)4)以一个元音字母以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母一个辅音字母且词尾音节重读时，且词尾音节重读时，双写双写词尾辅音词尾辅音字母加字母加 er 或或 est fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest hot hotterhottest第24页规则改变规则改变大多数双音节词和多音节词大多数双音节词和多音节词在词前加most（程度加深）或less（程度减弱）变为比较级、加most（程度最深）或least（程度减弱）变为最高级。第25页slowly-more/lessslowlymost/leastslowlyeasily-more/lesseasilymost/leasteasilycarefulymore/lesscarefullymost/leastcarefulyinteresting more/lessinterestingmost/leastinteresting第26页 不规则改变不规则改变 good/well better best many/much more most little less least bad/badly/ill worse worst 侧重点不一样不规则改变，侧重点不一样不规则改变，P67第27页1.Birdscanfly_,eagles（鹰）canfly_thanbirds.Theyfly_intheworld.(high,higher,highest)2.Iam_thanmybrother,butmylittlesisteristhe_ofus.(fat,fatter,fattest)3.Whichcanswim_,fishorsharks?(well,better,best)4.Thegreenbookisa_book,buttheredoneismuch_thanthegreenone.Itsthe_bookinthebookshop.(nice,nicer,nicest)5.Lookatthatboy,heisrunning_(fast,faster).6.Ithinkthatbookis_(good,better)foryou.练习练习highhigherhighestfatterfattestbetternicenicernicestfastbetter第28页7.Thenewlibraryhas_(many,more)booksthantheoldone.8.Sallyis_(tall,taller)thanhercousin.9.Ourschoolismuch_(large,larger)thanyours.10.Look,Janetisjumping_(high,higher)thanMike.moretallerlargerhigher第29页副词：用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度词叫做副词。第30页副词副词词形:与形容词同形，如:fastearlylonghighThiscarrunsfast.Theywenttoschoolearlyyesterday.在形容词后加词缀ly转化成副词，如：quietquietlyperfectperfectlyfirmfirmlyhappy-happily第31页副词使用方法副词在句中可用作：1)状语(这是副词在句子中主要功用)Itisraininghard.雨下得很大。(副词hard作状语，修饰动词israining。)Dontdrivetoofast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词，作状语，修饰动词drive，副词too又修饰副词fast。)HespeaksEnglishquitewell.他英语讲得相当好。(well修饰动词speaks，quite又修饰副词well。)Thisisafairlyusefultool，这是一件相当有用工具。(fairly修饰形容词useful)Hehasalwayshelpedhissisterwithherhomework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always修饰动词hashelped)Sheoftenwentthere.她常到那儿去。(often和there均是副词，修饰动词went。)Perhapshewilltelephonelater.可能他以后会打电话来。(perhaps是副词，用以修饰全句。第32页2)表语Isheup?他起床了没有?Sheisout.她出去了。3)定语Lifehereisfullofjoy.这儿生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life)第33页1.副词作用副词作用:用来修饰动词用来修饰动词.形容词形容词.其它副词其它副词.全句或全句或 名词词组及句子名词词组及句子用用法法例例句句作表语作表语Mymotherisout作定语作定语Thegirlthereismyfriend作状语作状语Herunsfast作宾补作宾补Ifoundhimoutside二、副词第34页2、副词在句子中位置以及作用作状语：时间副词：普通放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等普通放在句尾,already、just普通放在动词前面。如：WewillvisittheGreatWalltomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城)/TheyhavealreadybeentotheUKtwice.(他们去过英王国两次)/Soonthelostboyfoundhiswaybackhome.(很快迷路孩子找到了回家路)频度副词：普通放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还能够放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、threetimes等普通放在句尾。如：SometimesIgetupearly.(我有时起得早)/Theworkersusuallyhavelunchatthefactory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭)/Takethismedicinetwiceaday.(这种药一天吃两次)方式副词：普通放在行为动之后,suddenly能够放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Oldpeoplecanhardlywalkasquicklyasyoungpeople.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快)/Suddenlyhesawalightinthedarkcave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)第35页地点副词：普通放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：Thereyoucanseethousandsofbikesrunninginalldirections(方向).(在那里,你能够看到成千上万自行车朝各个方向流动)/Thefrightenedwolfranaway.(受到惊吓狼逃开了)/Hewalkedoutquietlyandturnedbacksoon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰形容词或动词后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰词前面。如：Inearlyforgotallaboutitifhedidnottellmeagain.(假如他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了)/ItwassostrangethatIcouldhardlybelievemyears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我耳朵)/Shegottothestationearlyenoughtocatchthefirstbus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)疑问副词：用于对句子状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：Whenandwherewereyouborn?(你何时何地出生？)/WhydidlittleEdisonsitonsomeeggs?(小爱迪生为何要坐在鸡蛋上？)/Howdoyoudo?(你好！)第36页连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。HowIamgoingtokillthecatisstillaquestion.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/Thatiswhyeveryoneisafraidofthetiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎原因)/Hewonderedhowhecoulddoitthenextday.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：ThisistheplacewhereMrZhangoncelived.(这就是张先生曾经住过地方)/PleasetellmethewayhowyouhavelearnedEnglishsowell.(请告诉我你英语是怎样学得这么好方法)其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either“也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这么”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：HewenttothePalaceMuseumandIwentthere,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了)/Maybeyourticketisinyourinsidepocket.(可能你票就在你里边衣袋里)/-Tomdoesnthaveacomputer.NordoI.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)第37页2.6副词比较等级和形容词同形副词形式改变与形容词完全相同。但以词尾-1y结尾副词(注意early一词-1y不是副词词尾)须用more和most。另外，须注意下面例词中well，badly不规则改变。如：原级比较级最高级hard努力地harderhardestfast快fasterfastestwell好betterbestbadly坏worseworstearly早earlierearliestquickly快morequicklymostquicklyhappily高兴地morehappilymosthappily第38页2.有许多副词是对应形容词加有许多副词是对应形容词加ly组成组成realreally如如:strong strongly词尾是词尾是y要把要把y变为变为i再加再加 ly,如如:busy busily happy happily第39页有几个特殊要去有几个特殊要去e后再加后再加-ly或或y,如如:truetrulyterrible-terribly以以e结尾结尾,大部分直接加大部分直接加-ly,如如:widewidelybravebravely第40页good副词是副词是well.well也可作形容词也可作形容词用，但只有唯一意思用，但只有唯一意思healthy健康健康hard既是形容词也是副词既是形容词也是副词,作形容词作形容词是是“困难困难”difficult，作副词是，作副词是“努力地努力地”。hardly意思是意思是“几乎不几乎不”它和它和hard没没关系关系第41页用词适当形式填空用词适当形式填空1 He works very _.He _ has a rest on Sunday.(hard)2 _,he didnt fail in the exam.(luck)3 He was so _ that he couldnt believe this _ news.(surprise)4 He wont do it.I wont do it,_.(too)hardhardlyLuckilysurprisedsurprisingeither第42页5 Mr.Green is feeling _ enough to go to work.(good)6 The old man looks very _ than you think.(friend)7 This box is not so _ as that one.(heavy)8 Lucy jumped _ of the four.(high)wellmore friendlyheavyhighest第43页形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级和最高级组成比较级和最高级组成第44页形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级和最高级使用方法比较级和最高级使用方法第45页五as+形容词或副词原级+as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用soas。比如：Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.他没你跑得快。2）当asas中间有名词时采取以下格式：as+形容词+a+单数名词/as+many/much+名词。比如：Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.这个例子和另外一个一样好。Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.你能搬多少纸，我也能。3）用表示倍数词或其它程度副词做修饰语时，放在as前面。比如：Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.这房间面积是那间两倍。Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.你房间和我一样大。4）倍数+as+adj.+as倍数+the+of。比如：Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.这座桥长度是那座三倍。Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.你房间是我两倍大。Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.第46页六比较级形容词或副词+than。比如：YouaretallerthanI.你比我高。Theylightsinyourroomarebrighterthanthoseinmine.你房间那些灯比我房间里亮。注意：1）要防止重复使用比较级。（错）Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.（对）Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.第47页十和more相关词组，1）themorethemore越就越。比如：Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyoullmake.越努力，进步越大。2）moreBthanA=lessAthanB与其说A不如说B。比如：Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。3）nomorethan与一样，不比多。比如：TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.官员们看到和皇帝一样多。nolessthan与一样。比如：Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.他和你一样勤勉。第48页 1)1)表示二者（人或事物）比较时用表示二者（人或事物）比较时用比较级，通惯用连词比较级，通惯用连词 than 引导，表引导，表示示“较较”或或“更更一些一些”意思意思 *This cake is more delicious than that one.*Li Lei jumped farther than Jim(did).第49页 2)2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）比较用最高级，最高级前面普通要加定比较用最高级，最高级前面普通要加定冠词冠词the，后面可带，后面可带of（in,among）短）短语来说明比较范围语来说明比较范围 *Shanghai is the biggest city in China.*Lucy sings(the)best of all.*He is the most careful among us.第50页 3)3)在表示在表示“和和一一样样”和和“不及不及”这类概念时，能这类概念时，能够用够用“as+原级原级+as”和和“not as（so）+原级原级+as”句型句型 *Our teacher is as busy as before.*He does not run so(as)fast as I.第51页4)4)可用可用much,still,a little,even,far,three years等表示程度状语来修等表示程度状语来修饰比较级饰比较级 *She is much taller than Mrs.Liu.*He is three years older than I.*This problem is a little more difficult than the other one.第52页5)5)几个比较级使用句型几个比较级使用句型 1.“1.“比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级 ”表示表示“越来越越来越 ”*Your English is getting better and better.你英语越来越好了。你英语越来越好了。*These days more and more people are learning English.现在学英语人越来越多了。现在学英语人越来越多了。第53页 2.“2.“the+比较级，比较级，the+比较级比较级”表示表示“越越就越就越 ”*The more,the better.越多越好。越多越好。*The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙越高兴。他越忙越高兴。第54页 3.“3.“more(less)than”表示表示 “不止，不到不止，不到”*She is more than thirty.她三十多岁了。她三十多岁了。*The lightest weighs less than 50 kilograms.最轻不到五十千克。最轻不到五十千克。第55页 4.“4.“more or less”表示表示“差不多，差不多，或多或少或多或少”*The problem is more or less solved.这个问题差不多已经处理了。这个问题差不多已经处理了。*Is it straight?More or less.它直吗？它直吗？差不多吧。差不多吧。第56页6)6)注意点注意点1.1.形容词最高级前一定要用形容词最高级前一定要用the，副，副词最高级前可省略词最高级前可省略2.2.在比较级中为了防止重复，在在比较级中为了防止重复，在the后后惯用惯用one，that，those等词来替换前等词来替换前面提到过名词面提到过名词3.*This pen is shorter than that one.*The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.第57页 3.3.用用or连接两项需作比较内容时，连接两项需作比较内容时，须用比较级；若须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项连接三项或三项以上内容时，则须用最高级以上内容时，则须用最高级 *Who is taller,Mary or Jane?*Which is biggest,the sun,the moon or the earth?第58页 7)7)掌握几个同义句转换掌握几个同义句转换 1.He is taller than any other student in his class.=He is taller than the other students in his class.=He is taller than any of the other students in his class.=He is the tallest(student)in his class.第59页 3.I prefer maths to English.=I like maths better than English.4.The box is too heavy for him to carry.=The box is so heavy that he cant carry it.=The box is not light enough for him to carry.第60页 Exercisesc第61页 选择选择()1 Who gets home usually _ in your family?A.the latest B.later C.early D.as late()2 The more we looked at the picture,_.A.we like it less B.the less we liked it C.better we liked it D.it looked better()3 What a pity.Lucy ran _ than Lily.A.a few more slowly B.a little more slowly C.much more slowly D.little slowlierABB第62页()4 Dont worry.Your baby is looked after _ here,the nurse are very _.A.careful,carefully B.carefully,careful C.care,careless D.careless,care()5 The idea became _.He wanted to try _.A.strangly,it out B.strangly,out it C.strange,it out D.strange,out it()6 Beijing is _ biggest cities in China.A.the first B.one of C.the second D.secondBCC第63页7、Thebreadis_thanthesecakesA、verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious8.LinTaojumped_inthelongjumpintheschoolsportsmeetingA.farB.fartherC.farthestD.quitefar9.Whentheymetinthehotel.Theytalkedandlaughed_A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.happiest10.whichis_seasoninBeijing?A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebestCCAD第64页11.I think Yao ming the famous basketball player,he will be _ new Star in NBAA.hot B.hotter C.hottest D.the hottest 12.In our city its _ in July,but it is even _ in August A.hotter hottest B.hot hot C.hotter hot D.hot hotter13.Hainan is a very large Island.It is the second _ island in chinaA.large B.larger C.largest D.most largest 14.An elephant is _ than a tiger A.heavy B.very heavy C.the heaviest D.heavierDDCD第65页15.A horse is _ than a dog A.Much heavy B.more heavier C.much heavier 16.Emma always makes a lot of mistakes.She is _A.Care B.careful C.carefully D.careless17.Which subject is _,physics or chemistry?A.Interesting B.most interesting C.More interesting D.the most interesting CDC第66页18.He is _ enough to carry the heavy box A.strong B.stronger C.much stronger .D.the strongest 19.Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy A.less more B.few much C.more little D.little many 20.When the famous singer started to sing,everyone began to shout very _ A.loudly B.loud C.heavily D.high AAA第67页形容词练习形容词练习：21.Thiscoatisabittooforme.Doyouhaveasizeinblue.?A.small,bigB.small,biggerC.small,biggerD.small,big22.Heissotiredthathefellassoonashelaydown.A.sleepB.sleepingC.sleepyD.asleep23.IfIhad,IdgotoEgyptandhaveabookattheGreatPyramid.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough24.Heworksvery.HehasarestonSundays.A.hard,hardlyB.hardly,hardC.hard,hardD.hardly,hardly25.JulyandAugustarethemonthsinayear.A.hotB.hotterC.hotestD.hottest26.Whatdoyouthinkofthebridge?Ihaveneverseenbefore?A.soalongoneB.solongoneC.suchalongoneD.asuchlongBDAADC第68页27.30,000dollarsisalargeamountofmoney,butitisthanweneed.A.farmoreB.verymuchC.farlessD.verylittle28.Itskindyoutogivemesuchgreathelp.A.forB.ofC.withD.to29.Americaisoneofthecountriesintheworld.A.mostdevelopB.mostdevelopingC.mostdevelopedD.mostdevelopment30.Johndidhisbrotherintheexam.A.sobadlyasB.asgoodasC.morecarefulthanD.muchmorecarefullythan31.Hearingthegoodnews,Marylookedandlookedatus.A.happyhappilyB.happilyhappyC.happyhappyD.happilyhappily32.ChinaislargerthaninAs