英语语法主谓一致大学英语专业省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。主谓一致Subject-verb Concord“一致”（concord或agreement）指句子成份之间或词语之间在语法形式上协调关系。“主谓一致”指是英语句子谓语动词（Predicate Verb)与其主语(Subject)在数上必须保持一致。第1页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.1指导标准英语中主谓一致主要遵照三个标准:语法一致语法一致标准,意义一致意义一致标准和就近标准就近标准。第2页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。一.语法一致标准（Grammatical Concord)主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。第3页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（1）不可数名词，动名词，不定式，从句等作主语时，谓语通惯用单数。Much effort is wasted.To eat well _(be)all he ask.（2）不定代词every,each,each one,each of,everybody,everything,many a+名词名词 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.（常考）is第4页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。(3)复数名词代词作主语，谓语动词普通用复数形式All the students _clever.（are）第5页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。(4)如主语后面跟有with,together with,as well as,as much as,no less than,more than,rather than,except,in addition to 等引导短语，谓语动词取决于主语本身形式。His brother rather than his parents is to blame.Bill,together with his sisters,was hurt in the accident.第6页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。二.意意义一致一致标准准（Notional Concord）即谓语动词单复数形式取决于主语所表示内容在含义是单数意义还是复数意义。如：The crowd were running for their lives.其主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词为复数。第7页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。三.就近标准就近标准（Principle of Proximity）谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式，取决于最邻近它名词、代词或其它词数。第8页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（1）谓语动词单复数形式取决于最靠近它词语。如用连词or,eitheror,neithernor,not only,but also等连接并列主语，假如一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它主语一致。如：Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.比较：Either Mr.Wang or your students know this.第9页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（2）当主语表示确定数量名词词组并由“one in/one out of+复数名词”组成，在正式语体中，动词用单数；在非正式语体中，动词也可按“就近标准”用复数。One in ten students has failed the exam.比较：One in ten students have failed the exam.第10页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.2以-s为结尾名词作主语主谓一致问题（一）以-s结尾疾病名称作主语主谓一致问题如：arthritis,:rrats（关节炎）bronchitis,brkats（肺炎）measles（麻疹）diabetes（糖尿病）,mumps（腮腺炎）,phlebitisflbats（静脉炎）,rickets（软骨病）,这类以-s结尾疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通惯用作单数。比如：measlesusuallyoccursinchildren.第11页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（二）以-s结尾地理名称作主语主谓一致问题如theUnitedStates，theNetherlands，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。比如：但假如是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。比如：theHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplant.theNiagarafallsareperhapsthemostsplendidwaterfallintheworld.第12页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（三）以-ics结尾学科名称作主语主谓一致问题一些以-ics结尾学科名称作主语时，如physics,mathematics,mechanics,politicsstatistics,economics,physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.thethirdworldeconomicsispromising.第13页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。（四）其它以-s结尾名词主谓一致问题3)表示成双成套名词，如：chopsticks(筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts等，作主语时，谓语动词通惯用复数形式；但如与akindofapairof,thatpairof,aseriesof连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：twopairsofscissorsaremissingfrommytoolbox.thecontentsofthebookaremostamusing.第14页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.3以集体名词作主语主谓一致问题1)通常作复数集体名词集体名词，如：police,people,cattle（牛）,militia ml（民兵组织）,poultry（家禽）等通常作复数，用复数通常作复数，用复数动词。如：Domestic cattle(家畜)provide us with milkbeef and hides(皮革).第15页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2)通常作不可数名词集体名词有些集体名词，如 machinery mi:nri（机器）,equipment,furniture,merchandise m:tndaiz（商品、货物）,通常作不可数名通常作不可数名词，随即，随即动词用用单数数。比如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.第16页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3)既可作既可作单数也可作复数集体名数也可作复数集体名词A、集体名词，如team,group,crowd,audience,committee（委员会）,class,crew（全体工作人员，全体船员）,family,public,government,council(议会、理事会）等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。The city council is meeting to set its agenda（日程）.第17页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。练习：Theclass_(consist)twenty-fiveboysandtwenty)girls.Theclass_(do)experiments.第18页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。B、由两部分组成物质名称，如trousers（裤子）,pants（裤子）,jeans,compasses（指南针）,glasses,shorts（短裤）等做主语时，谓语用复数Thesetrousers_(needwash)Yourglasses_verynice.第19页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4)当集体名词被以下量词短语修饰时，A：a(the,this,that)kind/sort/type/form/portion（份额）/series/speciesof+名词”或“apairof,apanelof(一组）,alargeamountof,acommitteeof/aboardof（一组）+名词”做主语，谓语用单数形式；但“these(those,all,many,some)kinds/sorts/types/forms/portionsof，twopairsof,largeamountsof,quantitiesof+名词”做主语，谓语则用复数形式。第20页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。This kind of book is useful for us.Many kinds of shoes are on sale in that shop.A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.第21页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3.1以并列结构作主语主谓一致问题并列结构作主语主要指主语由并列名词或名词短语组成，此时主要有以下几个情况：第22页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。1.and及bothand类普通来说，两个单数主语用and连接起来，表示两个不一样人或物，动词用复数；但假如两个并列单数主语在意义上指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，动词须用单数。第23页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Her teacher and her friend are in the sitting-room.她老师和她朋友都在客厅。A smile and handshake show welcome.微笑和握手表示欢迎。Bread and butter is health food.涂有黄油面包是一个有益健康食物。The poet and writer has produced many works.这个诗人兼作家写出了很多作品Truth and honesty is the best policy.真诚为上策。第24页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。结构everyandevery,eachandeach,noandno或manyaand作主语时，动词用单数。第25页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Every man and(every)woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.Each boy and each girl has been invited to the tea-party.Many a man and woman in this community finds himself of herself in need.第26页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。2.notbut,not onlybut also,or,eitheror,neithernor类在由notbut,notonlybutalso,or,eitheror,neithernor等连接并列主语中，谓语动词应该和靠近它主语相一致。第27页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Tom or you are to blame.Was he or you able to persuade her?Not you but I am to blame for the mistake.第28页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Not only I but also my parents are fond of travelling around.Neither you nor I am fit for the work.Are neither you nor I fit for the work?第29页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。3.主语+asmuchas等当主语后面跟有由asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan等引导隶属结构时，随即形式依主语本身单复数而定。第30页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.His brother rather than his parents is to blame.My wife,more than anyone else in the family,is anxious to go there again.Man,no less than the lower forms of life,is the product of the evolutionary process.第31页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。4.主语+aswellas等当主语后面跟有由aswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except等引导词组时，其后动词形式取决于主语本身形式。第32页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.The father,as well as his sons,is going to enroll.Bill,together with his sisters,was hurt in the accident.The truck along with all its contents was destroyed.第33页文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。Thank you第34页