中考英语语法名师精讲复习并列句和复合句省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

并列句和复合句第1页一、并列句一、并列句 由由并并列列连连词词把把两两个个或或两两个个以以上上简简单单句句连连接接起起来来句句子子叫叫作作并并列句。常列句。常见见分分类类：1.表表示示同同等等、平平行行或或承承接接关关系系，惯惯用用连连词词and，both.and，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as等。等。2.表表示示转转折折关关系系，惯惯用用连连词词but，yet(然然而而),however(然然而而),while(而而)等。等。第2页 3.表表示示选选择择关关系系，常常见见连连词词or，not.but(不不是是而而是是),either.or.(要么要么要么要么)等。等。4.表示因果关系，常表示因果关系，常见连词见连词because,as，for(因因为为),so等。等。二、复合句二、复合句 由由一一个个主主句句和和一一个个或或一一个个以以上上从从句句组组成成句句子子叫叫作作复复合合句句。从从句句需需由由关关联联词词引引导导。初初中中英英语语教教材材主主要要包包括括复复合合句句有有状状语语从从句、句、宾语宾语从句和定从句和定语语从句。从句。第3页考点一考点一 状状语语从句从句 状状语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中起起状状语语作作用用，修修饰饰主主句句中中谓谓语语、形形容容词词或或副副词词。状状语语从从句句由由隶隶属属连连词词引引导导，隶隶属属连连词词不不充充当当句句子子成成份份，只只起起连连接接作作用用。依依据据意意义义上上不不一一样样，状状语语从从句句可可分分为为：时时间间状状语语从从句句、条条件件状状语语从从句句、目目标标状状语语从从句句、让让步步状状语语从从句句、原原因因状状语语从从句句、结结果果状状语语从从句句、比比较较状状语语从从句句、地地点点状状语语从从句句等。等。第4页从句类型从句引导词例句时间状语从句when,while,before,after,until,since,as soon asHe didnt get home until 9 p.m.last night.他直到昨天晚上九点才到家。Ill call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。条件状语从句if,unless,as long asYoull be kept out of the party unless you have an invitation.假如没有请柬，您是无法参加这个聚会。第5页从句类型从句引导词例句目标状语从句so that,in order thatThe new company gave away lots of ads in order that people can get to know it.这家新企业散发了大量广告以加强人们对它了解。让步状语从句though/although,even if,whatever,wherever,wheneverThe whole library was in silence,although there were nearly 500 people reading in it.尽管有快要500人在看书，但整座图书馆却寂静无声。第6页从句类型从句引导词例句原因状语从句because,since,as,forSince everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到齐了，我们开始开会吧。结果状语从句so.that,such.thatYao Ming plays basketball so well that many Americans have also become his fans.姚明篮球打得如此好以至于很多美国人也成了他粉丝。第7页从句类型从句引导词例句比较状语从句than,as.as.,not as/so.as.Im as old as Bob.我和鲍勃年纪一样大。地点状语从句where,whereverWhere there is a will,there is a way.哪里有希望，哪里就有出路。（有志者，事竟成）第8页状状语语从句注意事从句注意事项项1.条件状条件状语语从句和从句和时间时间状状语语从句中从句中时态时态(1)假如主句使用普通未来时，条件状语从句和时间状语从句中使用普通现在时表示未来动作Your dream must come true if you work hard.假如努力，你梦想一定会实现。Im going to be an engineer when I grow up.长大后我想成为一名工程师。(2)假如主句使用过去进行时，时间状语从句中普通使用过去时态We were watching TV when my father got back.父亲回来时我们在看电视。第9页元贝驾考网 http:/ 科目一 科目三 仿真试题第10页2.时时间间状状语语从从句句中中not.until.（直直到到才才）与与before/after引引导导从句从句转换转换。I went to bed after I finished my homework.=I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.直到做完作直到做完作业业我才去睡我才去睡觉觉。第11页3.结结果状果状语语从句中特殊句式从句中特殊句式(1)祈使句+and+简单句：祈使句表示条件，and引导简单句表示在条件基础上产生良好结果，前后句意统一Eat more vegetables and less meat,and youll keep in good health.多吃菜少吃肉，你会保持健康。(2)祈使句+or+简单句：祈使句表示条件，or引导简单句表示在违反条件基础上可能产生不良后果，前后句意对立。or在句中表示“不然”，可与if引导从句进行替换Keep quiet,or you wont hear what the teacher says.=Keep quiet,and you will hear what the teacher says.=If you dont keep quiet,you wont hear what the teacher says.保持平静，不然你听不见老师在说什么。第12页(3)so.that.（如此以至于）与too.to.（太而不能）和not.enough to.（不足以）句式转换He is so young that he cant look after himself.=He is too young to look after himself.=He is not old enough to look after himself.他如此年轻以至于他不能照料自己。第13页考点二考点二 宾语宾语从句从句 一、在主从复合句中作一、在主从复合句中作宾语宾语句子叫作句子叫作宾语宾语从句。从句。二、二、宾语宾语从句四个考点：从句四个考点：时态主句是现在时，从句依据实际情况使用对应时态主句是过去时，从句使用过去时某种形式从句表示是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不论主句使用什么时态，从句都用普通现在时语序从句一律用陈说语序，即主语+谓语第14页连接词that在从句中作宾语时能够省略；作主语时不能省略what,when,where,how,whatever,whenever,wherever,who,whom,whose等特殊疑问词作连接词当宾语从句由普通疑问句改变而来时，连接词用whether或if，表示是否人称一随主，二随宾，三不变第15页【温馨提醒温馨提醒】当当主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为think，suppose，guess,believe等等词词，主主语语为为第一人称，从句表示否定意第一人称，从句表示否定意义时义时，形式上，形式上应应否定主句。比如：否定主句。比如：I dont think that he is right.我我认为认为他不他不对对。第16页考点三考点三 定定语语从句从句 一、基本一、基本组组成成1.定定义义：在在复复合合句句中中作作定定语语，修修饰饰主主句句中中某某一一名名词词或或代代词词从从句句叫叫作作定定语语从从句句。被被定定语语从从句句修修饰饰词词叫叫先先行行词词，通通常常位位于于定定语语从从句之前。句之前。2.句句式式：含含有有定定语语从从句句复复合合句句基基本本结结构构：先先行行词词+关关系系词词+定定语语从句。从句。第17页二、关系代二、关系代词词基本使用方法基本使用方法作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/thatwhich/that/省略whose第18页 Do you know the girl who/that has won the first prize in the singing competition?你你认识认识歌咏比歌咏比赛赛中取得一等中取得一等奖奖那个女孩那个女孩吗吗？Many laugh-making stars whose master is Zhao Benshan have become famous these years.近年来很多近年来很多师师承承赵赵本山笑星成名了。本山笑星成名了。第19页【温馨提醒温馨提醒】1.以下情况只用以下情况只用that：(1)先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰The Transformers is the greatest movie that I have ever seen.变形金钢是我看过最棒一部电影。The first gift that I got from Uncle Liu was a toy panda.我从刘叔叔那里得到第一件礼品是一只玩具熊猫。(2)先行词前有only，all,any，no，last，just，very等词修饰Miss Yu seems to be the only teacher that can help us now.现在能够帮助我们老师好像只有于老师了。第20页(3)先行词是something，anything，nothing，everything，little，few，many，all，no，none等Is there anything that I can do for you?我能够为你做点什么？(4)先行词现有些人又有物I love the schools and teachers that give me happiness.我喜爱给我带来欢乐学校和老师。第21页2.以下情况只用以下情况只用who/whom:(1)先行词是anyone,anybody,one,ones,those等Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法之人都将受处处罚。(2)在there be结构中，先行词指人时，关系代词用whoThere are some boys who are playing basketball on the playground.操场上有些男孩在打篮球。第22页3.以下情况只用以下情况只用which：(1)引导词前有介词且先行词指物This is the house in which Im living.这就是我住房子。(2)非限制性定语从句中He bought a new computer,which can work faster and better.他买了台新电脑，这台电脑能够工作得更加快愈加好。第23页三、关系副三、关系副词词基本使用方法基本使用方法用 法例句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示时间名词（year，season，day等）I still remember the days when we worked together.我依然记得我们在一起工作日子。where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点名词（place，school，room等）This is the school where we once studied.这就是我们曾经学习过学校。why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因reason一词Can you tell me the reason why he hasnt come here?你能告诉我他不来这儿原因吗？第24页【巧学妙巧学妙记记】定定语语从句使用方法从句使用方法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句从句紧紧跟先行跟先行词词，关系，关系词词引引导导要搞清。要搞清。定人要用定人要用who或或whom，定物，定物which当先用。当先用。关系代关系代词词用用that，定人定物有本事。，定人定物有本事。when用来定用来定时间时间，where用来定地点。用来定地点。关系代关系代词词作成份，唯作作成份，唯作宾语宾语可省略。可省略。第25页单项选择单项选择1.(达州中考达州中考)Do you enjoy My heart will go on?No,I prefer songs _ loud.A.that is B.which isC.that are D.what are【解解析析】选选C。由由先先行行词词songs指指物物且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语可可知知关关系系代代词词为为that/which，再再由由先先行行词词为为复复数数形形式式可可知知定定语语从从句句谓语为谓语为are。第26页2.（六六盘盘水水中中考考）Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday?I think we will if we _ any classes.A.wont have B.didnt haveC.dont have D.arent having【解析解析】选选C。在。在if引导条件状语从句中用普通现在时表未来。引导条件状语从句中用普通现在时表未来。第27页3.(恩施中考恩施中考)I dont know when _ tomorrow?I will call you as soon as he _.A.will he come;arrivesB.he will come;arrivesC.he will come;will arrive【解解析析】选选B。when引引导导宾宾语语从从句句用用陈陈说说语语序序；as soon as 引引导导时间状语从句用普通现在时表未来，故选时间状语从句用普通现在时表未来，故选B。第28页4.（达达州州中中考考）That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing.Do you know _?For 5 years.A.how soon he will come backB.how long he has stayed thereC.how long has he stayed thereD.how often does he go there【解解析析】选选B。由由宾宾语语从从句句语语序序为为陈陈说说语语序序可可排排除除C、D；再再由由答语是答语是for引导时间状语可知宾语从句是引导时间状语可知宾语从句是how long引导，故选引导，故选B。第29页5.（广广东东中中考考）The first thing _ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.A.which B.that C.why D.who【解解析析】选选B。在在定定语语从从句句中中若若先先行行词词是是物物且且被被序序数数词词修修饰饰时时关系代词用关系代词用that，故选，故选B。第30页6.(济济南中考南中考)Julie,do you know _ yesterday afternoon?By bus.I guess.A.when Mr.Green will get to Quancheng SquareB.when will Mr.Green get to Quancheng SquareC.how Mr.Green got to Quancheng SquareD.how did Mr.Green get to Quancheng Square【解解析析】选选C。考考查查宾宾语语从从句句使使用用方方法法。依依据据回回答答中中By bus我我们们能能够够判判断断是是对对交交通通方方式式提提问问。A和和B选选项项中中when不不符符合合句句意意；又又宾语从句须用陈说语序，而宾语从句须用陈说语序，而D选项为疑问语序。故选选项为疑问语序。故选C。第31页7.（兰兰州州中中考考）Jane is one of the students in the class _ have ever been to China.A.who B.whose C.which D.whom【解解析析】选选A。由由先先行行词词是是students，且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语，所以用关系词所以用关系词who。故选。故选A。第32页8.（山西中考）山西中考）Mr.Li,I found a watch on the playground.You should try to find out _.A.whose is the watchB.who is the owner of the watchC.whom does the watch belong to【解析解析】选选B。宾语从句应该用陈说语序，故选宾语从句应该用陈说语序，故选B。第33页9.（宁宁波波中中考考）What a new computer!Can you tell me _?Just the day before yesterday.A.how much you paid for itB.how much did you pay for itC.when you bought itD.when did you buy it【解解析析】选选C。从从句句应应用用陈陈说说语语序序，故故排排除除B项项和和D项项；由由答答语语“前天前天”知问是时间：知问是时间：“你能告诉我什么时候买吗你能告诉我什么时候买吗?”，故选，故选C。第34页10.（广广东东中考）中考）Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend.But nobody knows if it _.A.is fine;will rain B.will be fine;rainsC.will be fine;will rain D.is fine;rains【解解析析】选选A。第第一一个个if作作“假假如如”讲讲，引引导导条条件件状状语语从从句句，从从句句用用普普通通现现在在时时表表未未来来。第第二二个个if作作“是是否否”讲讲引引导导宾宾语语从从句句，能够用未来时。故选能够用未来时。故选A。第35页12.（临临沂中考）沂中考）The policeman asked the small girl _.A.why she was crying B.why was she crying C.why she is crying D.why is she crying【解解析析】选选A。宾宾语语从从句句用用陈陈说说语语序序，再再由由主主句句是是普普通通过过去去时时可确定从句时态为过去时，故答案为可确定从句时态为过去时，故答案为A项。项。第36页13.（襄襄阳阳中中考考）Do you know the man _ is reading the book over there?Yes,hes Mr.Green,our PE teacher.A.which B.what C.whom D.who【解解析析】选选D。先先行行词词the man 是是人人，且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语，应用关系代词应用关系代词who。第37页15.（泰泰安安中中考考）Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.Yes.But if it _,well play chess instead.A.will rain B.rained C.is raining D.rains【解析解析】选选D。在。在if引导条件状语从句中用普通现在时表未来。引导条件状语从句中用普通现在时表未来。第38页