2023年复旦大学博士研究生入学考试试题及答案详解.doc

复旦大学2023年博士硕士入学考试试题Paper OnePart Listening Comprehension (15%)（略）Part Vocabulary and Structure (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.21. She her vacation so much that she didnt want it to end.A. missedB. budgetedC. loathedD. relished22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the meeting.A. intangible B. sedate C. impudent D. clandestine23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect the consumers.A. rigorous B. equivocal C. stringent D. furtive24. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and .A. lucrative B. introverted C. vivacious D. perilous25. This is but a of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.A. friction B. fraction C. faction D. fracture26. They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic that account.A. on B. by C. for D. with27. I think it is high time we the fact that environmental pollution in this area is getting more serious than before.A. woke up to B. must wake up to C. wake up to D. are waking up to28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was soon reached.A. resentful B. amiable C. suffocating D. gloomy29. Rescue workers continued the delicate task of sifting through tons of concrete and to try to reach possible survivors.A. scraps B. leftovers C. debris D. residues30. When she , she could not for a moment recognize her surroundings.A. came to B. came off C. came through D. came over31. The shortage of water became more this summer with the highest temperatures in 40 years.A. needy B. latent C. uneasy D. acute32. They tried to drive their horse into the river, but he simply could not.A. budge B. surge C. trudge D. dredge33. Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the diseases that men and women.A. beseech B. beset C. bewitch D. bestow34. The boys talent might have lain had it not been for his uncles encouragement.A. extinguished B. dormant C. malignant D. perishable35. The two leaders made a show of unity at the press conference, though they had notably messages.A. discontinuous B. discreet C. discordant D. disadvantageous36. Jack admitted that he ought not to have made his mother angry, ?A. oughtnt he B. wasnt he C. didnt he D. hadnt he37. An old woman was badly hurt in the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.A. that B. which C. what D. whatever38. As the city has become increasingly and polluted, there has been a growing realization that certain action is urgently needed.A. flourished B. boosted C. congested D. mingled39. The taxi in front of a girl, just in time to avoid a serious accident.A. turned in B. pulled up C. cleared up D. dropped in40. The doctor told him to be careful when taking sleeping pills because too many could be.A. lethal B. vital C. wholesome D. sanitaryPart Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this pall. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormously pleasing.I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur:“Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!” (No Mr. Jones, Im NOT French, Im not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name was Ahmed, was infinitely softer and less public in approach.For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building opposite. In between, bearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going. I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernaculars of their own: so that the word for “people”, for instance, might be nais, sah ab or sooken.Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writing the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling to drive the French negative into the still confused mind of Mr Jones.41. Which of the following is not characteristic of Mr Beheit?A. He had a neat and clean appearance.B. He was volatile and highly emotional.C. He was very modest about his success in teaching.D. He sometimes lost his temper and shouted loudly when teaching.42. It is known from the passage that the writer .A. had a good command of FrenchB. couldnt make sounds properly when learning ArabicC. spoke highly of Mr Beheits achievements in language teachingD. didnt like Ahmeds style of teaching43. It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed was .A. a fast speakerB. a boring speakerC. a laconic speakerD. an interesting speaker44. The word “modicum” in the last paragraph can be replaced by .A. competence B. excellence C. mimicry D. smattering45. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. The writers intended journey created particular difficulties in his learning of Arabic.B. The reading and writing of the Arabic script gave the writer lasting pleasure.C. The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewarding.D. The writer regarded Ahmeds praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-cheekPassage 2It is one of the worlds most recognized phrases, one you might even heat in places where little English is spoken:The names Bond, James Bond. Ive heard it from a taxi driver in Ghana and a street sweeper in Paris, and I remember the thrill of hearing Sean Connery say it in the first Bond film I saw, Goldfinger. I was a Chicago schoolgirl when it was released in 1904. The image of a candy-colored London filled with witty people, stately old buildings and a gorgeous, ice-cool hero instilled in me a deeprooted belief that Britain was OK.When Ian Fleming created the man with the license to kill, based on his own experiences while working for the British secret service in World War , he couldnt have imagined that his fictional Englishman would not only shake, but stir the entire world. Even world-weary actors are thrilled at being in a Bond movie. Christopher Walken, everyones favorite screen psycho, who played mad genius Max Zorin in 1985s A View to a Kill, gushed:I remember first seeing DJ No when I was 15. I remember Robert Shaw trying to strangle James Bond in From Russia with Love. And now here I am, trying to kill James Bond myself.Bond is the complete entertainment package: he has hotand coldrunning women on tap, dastardly villains bent on complete world domination, and America always plays second string to cool, sophisticated Britain. Bonds England only really existed in the adventures of Bulldog Drummond, the wartime speeches of Winston Churchill and the songs of Dame Vela Lynn.When Fleming started to write his spy stories, the world knew that, while Britain was victorious in the war against Hitler, it was depleted as a result. London was bombed out, a dark and grubby place, while America was now the only place to be.It was America that was producing such universal icons as Gary Coopers cowboy in High Noon (A mans got to do what a mans got to do); the one-man revolution that was Elvis Presley; Marilyn Monroe, the walking, male fantasy married to Joe DiMaggio, then the most famous athlete in the world. Against this reality, Fleming had the nerve and arrogance to say that, while hot dogs and popcorn were fine, other things were more important.And those things were uniquely British: quiet competence, unsentimental ruthlessness, clear-eyed, steely determination, an ironic sense of humor and doing a job well. All qualities epitomized by James Bond.Of course, Bond was always more fairytale than fact, but what else is a film for? No expense is spared in production, the lead is suave and handsome, and the hardware is always awesome. In the latest film, the gadgets include a surfboard with concealed weapons, a combat knife with global positioning system beacon, a watch that doubles as a laser-beam cutter, an Aston Martin V12 Vanquish with all the optional extras youve come to expect, a personal jet glider. the list is endless.There are those who are disgusted by the Bond films unbridled glorification of the evils of sexism, racism, ageism and extreme violence, but its never that simple.46. According to the passage each production of a Bond film is .A. lavishB. sparingC. increasingly expensive to makeD. difficult to finance47. Which of the following is not typical of James Bond?A. He performed his work calmly and efficiently.B. He had an iron will.C. He was unemotional.D. He had a tendency to boast.48. It is known from the passage that post-war Britain as .A. anarchic and dangerousB. exhausted and filthyC. chaotic and violentD. mysterious and thrilling49. Judging by the context, the word “stately” in the first paragraph means .A. shabbyB. makeshiftC. impressiveD. dilapidated50. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. When Ian Fleming created James Bond, he believed that his fictional Englishman would shake the entire world.B. In the Bond films, England is always portrayed as stylish, elegant and classy.C. Ian Fleming began to write his spy stories before world war .D. James Bond seldom epitomized Britishness.Passage 3The current political debate over family values, personal responsibility, and welfare takes for granted the entrenched American belief that dependence on government assistance is a recent and destructive phenomenon. Conservatives tend to blame this dependence on personal irresponsibility aggravated by a swollen selfare apparatus that saps individual initiative. Liberals are more likely to blame it on personal misfortune magnified by the harsh lot that falls to losers in our competitive market economy. But both sides believe that “winners” in America make it on their own that dependence reflects some kind of individual or family failure, and that the ideal family is the self-reliant unit of traditional lorea family that takes care of its own, carves out a future for its children, and never asks for handouts. Politicians at both ends of the ideological spectrum have wrapped themselves in the mantle of these “family values,” arguing over why the poor have not been able to make do without assistance, or whether aid has exacerbated their situation, but never questioning the assumption that American families traditionally achieve success by establishing their independence from the government.The myth of family self-reliance is so compelling that our actual national and personal histories often buckle under its emotional weight. “We always stood on our own two feet,” my grandfather used to say about his pioneer heritage, whenever he walked me to the top of the hill to survey the property in Washington State that his family had bought for next to nothing after it had been logged off in the early 1900s. Perhaps he didnt know that the land came so cheap because much of it was part of a federal subsid