2023年职称英语考试理工类ABC级真题及答案.docx

2023年全国职称英语理工类（A级）考试真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。 1I cant put up with my neighbors noise any longer，itS driving me mad Atolerate Bgenerate Creduce Dmensure 2Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone Aequal Bimmediate Cmoderate Dgreat3He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school Abright Bunclear Cgeneral Dbad 4I want to provide my boys with a decent education Aspecial Bprivate Cgeneral Dgood 5Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people Apicture Bdanger Cevidence Dcase 6Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil Adoubt Brelief Cfailure Dconfusion 7Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment Alove Bsurprise Canger Ddoubt 8Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day Aenergetic Bfree Cphysical Dregular 9I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues Aboring Boriginal Chumorous Dlong 10Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth Aattract Bspend Cencourage Drequire 11He demolished my argument in minutes Asupported Bdisproved Cdisputed Daccepted 12The two banks have announced plans to merge next year Aclose Bsell Cbreak Dcombine 13Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners Apolite Busual Cbad Dsimilar 14The project required ten years of diligent research Ahardworking Bsocial Cbasic Dscientific 15He was kept in appalling conditions in prison Anecessary Bterrible Ccritical Dnormal 第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2023But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步旳)orbitEarth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun Light during daytime and when skies are clear But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana， If youre talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，its a tough gohe says. Cal Boerman，Solarens director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs downWe knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，he saysA patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the systemSweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says SchwartzYou have to take care of heat dissipation(散发)because youre now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，he saysAccording to the companys patent，Solarens solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energyLaws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points outTo meet those needs，were go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，he says 16Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 17Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 18Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear ARightBWrong CNot mentioned 19One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 20Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 21Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 22Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分) 下面旳短文后有2项测试任务： (1)第2326题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题； (2)第2730题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Natural Gas 1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earths surfaceIt is a fossil fuel (矿物质燃料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of yearsagoThe main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷) 2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwideToday，natural gas serviceis available in all 50 states in the US，and is the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries。More than 65 million American homes use natural gasIn fact，natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricityIn addi-tion to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manu-facture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for heahhcare，con-puting and furnishingsNatural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants 3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels availableIt emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sourcesWhen natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhaleCompared with some other fos-sil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)， making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a11 4 The United States consumes about one-third of the worldS natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the worldThe USDepartment of EnergyS Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025 5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earths surfaceThe largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle EastLNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades Today，the leading importes of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain 23Paragraph 2_ 24Paragraph 3_ 25Paragraph 4_. 26Paragraph 5_ APopularity and use of natural gas BNatural gas reserves and supply CNatural gas prices DClean fuel of choice EDisadvantages of natural gas FNatural gas consumption 27Natural gas is stored deep_ 28Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_ 29When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas_ 30It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_ Aover the past 50 years Bbeneath the earth surface Cby more than 50 percent Dfor more than four decades Eas a raw material Ffor home energy needs 第4部分：阅读理解(第3l45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence，researchers say The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simplerDrNaoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the USincorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the cosmic dark ages，to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe，and the researcherscomputer simulation，which has been called a cosmic Rosetta Stonesets the bar for further investigation into the star formation processThe question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases，and the mysteriousdark matterof the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sunThe simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar DrYoshidas simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang This geneal picture of star formation，and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe，will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets，said Lars Hernquist，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest reportThe abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars haveaccumulated，he says，and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these ele ments further across the universeSo when you think about ita11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars，long ago Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of the universeMore powerful computers，more physical data，andan even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations，but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiation-when a stellar ob ject becomes a true star DrYoshida has taken the study of primordial star formation to a new level with this simulation，but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goalIt is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper，said Volker Bromm，Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tex as，Austin and the author of a companion articleWe must continue our studies in this area to un-derstand how the initially tiny protostar grows，layer by layer，to eventually form a massive starButhere，the physics become much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed 31According to the first two paragraphs，the early universe_ Awas governed by simpler physics Bgot fewer stars shinning in it Cstarted over 13 billion years ago Dwas composed in a way similar to that of today 32What can the state-of-theart computer simulation tell us about? AHow the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago BHowcosmic dark agescame into existence CHow dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang DHow the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang 33What does theastronomical objectin paragraph 2 refer to? Acosmic dark ages Bdust grains and gases Ca protostarDthe early universe 34According to paragraph 4，what is NOT true about a protostar? AIt developed into a massive star during the Big Bang BIt evolved from pre-stellar gases CIt was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star DIt had a mass of one percent of the sun 35According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT Ato know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe Bto simulate the process of how the early universe began Cto apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation Dto discover the truth about the formation of a protostar 第二篇 The Iceman On a September,day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austra and Ita 1yHigh up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the iceAt that height (10，499 feet，or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm yearThe mountain ice had melted more than iust usual and so the body had come to the surfaceIt was lying face downwardThe skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition except a wound on the headremains of some clothesThe hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth bootsNearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮)and a holder for arrows Who was the man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questionsSome people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in this areaA Swiss woman who believed it might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old With modem dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years oldBorn in about 3300 BC，he lived during the Bronze Age in EuropeAt first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountainsMore recent evidence，however，tells a different storyA new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulderIt left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleedin