解读极旱荒漠地区在铁路路基施工中的节水方案.doc

解读极旱荒漠地区在铁路路基施工中的节水方案
Interpret the extremely drought desert region in construction of the railway roadbed water saving scheme

　　极旱荒漠区域，水资源极度缺乏，在铁路路基施工中，对现有水资源进行科学合理计划、运用，保证路基填料到达最佳含水率，满意路基施工标准需求，为极旱荒漠区域进行铁路路基施工供给可学习的施工经历。　1工程概略　　中铁十七局集团承建的兰新铁路第二双线17标地处甘肃省酒泉市瓜州县柳园镇镇极旱荒漠区域，线路途经区域为戈壁、荒滩，气候枯燥，降水少，蒸腾量大，地下水资源缺乏。该区域年均气温8.8℃，均匀日较差16.1℃，年较差35.3℃，极点最高气温42.8℃，极点最低气温-29.1℃；年均降水量45.7mm，年蒸腾量3140.6mm，年相对湿度39-41％，无霜期138-146天；10m高度年均匀风速6.2m/s，40m高度年均匀风速7.57m/s。线路正线长104.679km。其间路基工程99.789km（含站场），地基处置描绘86.32km，区间路基土石方1339.05万m3；站场路基土石方54.79万m3。　　2施工过程中的节水计划　
Extremely dry desert area, water resources shortage, during the construction of railway subgrade, to scientific and reasonable planning, use of the existing water resources, guarantee the roadbed fillers reach the optimum moisture content, satisfied with subgrade construction standard requirements, for the extremely arid desert area of railway roadbed construction supply can learning experience. 1 an railway engineering general China railway 17th bureau group constructed by 17 second double standard is located in jiuquan city, gansu province, the melon counties LiuYuan ZhenZhen extremely dry desert area, line via area as the gobi, wasteland, dry climate, less precipitation, transpiration is big, the lack of water resources. The regional annual average temperature 8.8 ℃, the diurnal range 16.1 ℃, lower 35.3 ℃, extreme maximum temperature 42.8 ℃, extreme minimum temperature of 29.1 ℃; Average annual rainfall of 45.7 mm, transpiration by 3140.6 mm, in 39-41% relative humidity, frost-free period 138-146 days; 10 m highly uniform wind speed 6.2 m/s, and 40 m high uniform wind speed 7.57 m/s. Main line length of 104.679 km. 99.789 km (station) in subgrade engineering, foundation treatment of 86.32 km, interval earth work 13.3905 million m3; Station earth work 547900 m3. 2 the water saving plan in the construction process
　　　2.1 施工状况查询本段地层主要为第四系全新统，上部覆土主要为砂类土、角砾土等，基岩为第三系泥岩、砂岩，二叠系玄武岩、凝灰岩、千枚岩，奥陶系混合岩，震旦系大理岩、板岩、片岩，华里西期花岗岩。全线可用作路基合格填料的取土场较少且地处安西极旱荒漠天然保护区，取土和取水遭到当地天然保护区办理委员会约束。全线找的合格取土场共6处，均匀运距7km以上，最远运距达15km，因为取土场较少且散布不均衡，运距较远添加了运送过程中路基填料含水率的蒸腾丢失。为保证填筑、保护、地基处置的施工质量，填料均按50公斤/方核算；保护用水；强夯、重夯地基处置开始估量用水量约220万方，为此，咱们约请酒泉市水文局的教授，到现场勘测，帮咱们选井位，力求经过打井取水处置水源疑问，但一口井打到138米仍不见水。只能经过远间隔汽车运水和铺设水管线路处置施工用水。 2.2 水路管线的独自描绘本标段地处极旱荒漠区域，生态极度软弱，水资源极点缺乏，全线共发现水源4处，DK1024+500，离线路直线间隔6km，每日供水量约有2000方；DK1036+300地处柳园镇，可接自来水，铺设水管供给梁场制梁，有些可用于路基施工，日供水量约2000方；DK1046+700，离线路直线间隔3km，日供水量约2000方；DK1097+300，离线路直线间隔15km，日供水量约4000方。
2.1 construction condition query this paragraph mainly quaternary holocene stratum, the upper overburden soil are mainly sand soil, breccia, soil etc, bedrock for tertiary mudstone, sandstone, Permian basalt and tuff, phyllite, the ordovician migmatite, sinian system, marble, SLATE, schist, li west period of granite. All qualified can be used as roadbed filler soil field and a dry desert is located in anxi is less natural reserve, earth and water constraints by local natural reserve with commission. Broadly to find qualified earth-fetching area, a total of 6, uniform distance of more than 7 km, the farthest distance of 15 km, because less earth-fetching area and distribute unbalanced, the distance is farther added shipping subgrade moisture content in the process of transpiration loss. In order to ensure the filling, protection, foundation treatment of construction quality, the packing according to 50 kg/accounting; Protection of water; Dynamic compaction, heavy tamping foundation disposal to measure water consumption of about 2.2 million square, to do this, let's invite jiuquan city waterway of the professor, to the scene reconnaissance, help us to choose well, makes every effort through drilling Wells for water disposal water question, but a well hit 138 m still no water. Only through far intervals car transport water and laying pipe line construction water disposal. 2.2 water pipeline alone depicts this block is located in the extremely arid desert region, ecosystem is extremely weak, lack water pole, across the water found 4, DK1024 + 500, away from the line straight line interval 6 km, daily water supply of about 2000 square; DK1036 + 300 is located in the town of LiuYuan, can connect tap water laying pipe supply beam field beam, some can be used for roadbed construction, daily water supply of about 2000 square; DK1046 + 700, 3 km to line linear interval, daily water supply of about 2000 square; DK1097 + 300, away from the line straight line interval of 15 km, daily water supply of about 4000 square.
　　　　考虑到DK1046+700至DK1097+300线路长度50km，悉数用水车运水不只造价太高并且时刻较慢，所以该段分别从水源地DK1097+300和DK1046+700向DK1080+000沿线路便道并行铺设φ15cm水管两条，考虑到全线地上落差及间隔较远，每隔5km设增压泵一台。沿便道右侧每2km设一个蓄水池，蓄水池为10m×5m×4m布局，侧壁用120mm砖墙砌筑到顶，内壁抹2cm厚砂浆关闭，再用塑料布对底面及侧壁进行全关闭，每池可储水200方，顶部用塑料布封盖，避免水分蒸腾。路基施工时在2km规模内，用水车就近取水进行路基浇水碾压和涵洞保护施工。　　铺设水路的工区设置专门的水路办理工班，担任对本工区内的水路进行每日查看以及对抽水泵、发电机、增压泵等设备的检修保护。　　2.3 量体裁衣，多渠道处置施工难题因为该区域日照温差大，降水量少，蒸腾量大，气候枯燥，所以路基填料天然含水率极低，通常在1%～2%之间，而依据击实实验，该区域的填料的最佳含水率应该在7%～9%之间，为了保证路基施工质量，填料有必要进行补水。二、三工区依据现场状况，选用了铺设水管直接去取土场，在取土场设置4m距离，宽度1.25m，深度1.2m，长度与料场等宽度的渗水槽，进行提早闷料。
Considering DK1046 + 700 to 50 km DK1097 + 300 line length, all car with water water is not only the cost is too high and time is slow, so the segment respectively from water source to DK1080 DK1046 and DK1097 + 300 + 300 + 000 road along the route laying phi parallel two 15 cm pipe, considering the gap across the ground, and far between, every 5 km shall have a booster pump. Along the sidewalk every 2 km on the right side have a reservoir, reservoir for 10 m x 5 m by 4 m layout, wall with 120 mm brick masonry peaking, inside with 2 cm thick slurry closed, then use plastic sheets to all closed bottom and the side wall, water storage pool per 200 square, the top with a plastic block, to avoid moisture transpiration. Subgrade construction within the scale 2 km, water fetching water from a nearby car roadbed watering rolling and culverts protect the construction. Laying waterway of the work area set up special waterway for GongBan, as waterways daily check on the work area as well as to the pump, generator, pump and other equipment maintenance protection. 2.3 self-construal, multi-channel construction problems disposal because of sunshine temperature difference is big, the area rainfall is less, transpiration, climate is dry, so the subgrade filling natural moisture content is extremely low, generally between 1% ~ 1%, and based on the compaction experiment, the area of packing the best moisture content should be between 7% ~ 7%, in order to ensure the quality of roadbed construction, packing the need for filling water. Two three work area according to the situation, choose the water-pumping directly to earth field, the earth-fetching area set up 4 m distance, width 1.25 m, the depth of 1.2 m, length and yard width of ooze water tank, for early stuffy.
　　　　一工区和三工区DK1097+300向大路程方向，大有些处于丘陵地段，地势改变较大且路基填方量现对较少，选用汽车从水源地运水直接在路基上补水的施工计划。依据施工机械数量及路基施工阶段，构成流水作业面，自卸汽车从取土场拉料在路基上进行上料，推土机、平地机即时对填料进行摊铺，摊铺过程中，路基两边填料构成一个深度15～20cm深的挡水堰，然后机械到下一作业面进行施工，该作业面进行注水闷料。浇水车放水到经过核算的方量后，浇水车到下一作业面进行注水。该段路基让水天然浸透，因为该区域大有些填料为砂类土或细角砾土，约等4个小时后，即可让作业人员在现场挖一小探坑进行查看，若是现已浸透到填料底部，就能够安排机械进行下一道工序施工。然后经过有序流水的作业面，充分使用机械的施工功率，不让机械搁置。2.4 优化施工技术联接，细节中寻觅打破经过优化施工技术，细节中进行操控，保证了施工质量，一起又能够节省施工用水。在地基处置施工技术中，原描绘的施工计划是地基处置全断面进行浇水，等地基含水量到达描绘需求最佳含水量后进行强夯、重锤施工。该区域不只气温高，气候枯燥，并且风砂较大，频次较高。全断面进行浇水不只施工用水丢失量大，并且因为该区域大有些为砂类土和砾石类土浇水车第一次洒完水后，后续浇水车很难再进入施工现场作业，所以原地上含水率含水量极不均匀，且工序需求作业周期长。咱们依据现场状况敏捷对该技术进行优化改善，选用强夯、重锤第一次夯击后，强夯、重锤机械设备先转入下一作业面施工，对构成的击坑进行注水浸透，等浸透结束后，强夯、重锤机械再转入该作业面施工。以次来减小施工用水的蒸腾面积，一起保证地基的均匀含水率。该技术不只节省了施工用水量，一起保证了施工机械的有用运用率。　　为了保证路基填筑的施工质量，削减填料在高温下的日照直射时刻，有必要缩短路基各工序及工序之间的施工时刻，咱们采取了添加取土场至施工工点自卸车的数量，一个取土场顶峰时能够到达70多台自卸车。
Three work area DK1097 + 300 to a work area and big distance, some in the hilly areas, the land is changing to a larger quantity and roadbed fill are less, select auto water directly on the subgrade filling water from water source for construction project. Subgrade construction phase, according to the number of construction machinery and water surface, dump trucks out of earth-fetching area on on the subgrade material, bulldozer, grader instant packing for paving, paving process, on both sides of subgrade filler constitute a depth of 15 ~ 20 cm deep water dam, construction and machinery to the next operation, the operation of water tightness. Water drain to the after calculation of the volume, water bus to the next operation for water injection. Which soaked roadbed water natural, because this area is large, such as some packing for sand soils or fine breccia earth, about after 4 hours, can let the workers dug a small pit on the spot check, if has penetration to the bottom of the packing, can arrange machine to carry on the construction of next procedure. Then through an orderly flow of operation, make full use of mechanical construction power, don't let mechanical shelved. 2.4 join, optimize construction technology for break the optimized construction technology in detail, the details of handling, to ensure the construction quality, and can save the construction water together. In the foundation treatment of construction technology, the original construction plan is the foundation of disposal of water, ground water content reaches the depict demand the best water content after dynamic compaction construction, heavy hammer. This area is not only the temperature is high, dry climate, wind and sand is larger, higher frequency. Whole section water not only for construction of large amount of water loss, and because of the region's big some of sandy soil and gravel soil watering car for the first time after sprinkling water, subsequent watering car hard to enter the construction site work, so its uneven in-situ moisture content on the water content, long operation period and process requirements. We according to the situation of the technology is optimized to improve the agility and chooses dynamic compaction, after the first heavy hammer tamping, dynamic compaction, heavy hammer equipment construction, first turn to the next operation on the craters in the composition of the saturated water injection, such as after soaking, dynamic compaction, heavy hammer again into the operation of construction machinery. Successively to reduce transpiration of water area and construction together to ensure the foundation of uniform moisture content. The technology not only saves water consumption construction, useful use rate together to ensure the construction machinery. In order to guarantee the construction quality of subgrade filling, cut filler sunshine point-blank time at high temperature, it is necessary to shorten the roadbed construction time between each working procedure and process, let's take the earth field is added to the construction worksite number of dump truck, a soil field peak can reach more than 70 dump trucks.
　　　　一起在施工工点150m规模装备4台26t压路机，一台平地机，一台推土机，两台浇水车，每一层路基在施工前进行准确核算每一车填料的摊铺厚度，用白灰洒出方格网进行操控，填料运到现场后，推土机平和地机敏捷进行摊铺，到达实验断定的摊铺厚度后，浇水车依据现场实验断定的含水率进行补水，然后四台压路机并行进行碾压作业，经过各道施工技术间的有序联接以及经过设备数量的添加，削减各工序的施工时刻来操控填料含水率的蒸腾。碾压结束查看合格后，当即再在上方掩盖一层土，对本层填料进行关闭保湿。经过优化施工技术和合理安排施作业业，是到达节水保湿和保证路基施工质量的有用办法。　　在路基工程涵洞等布局施工中选用喷涂保护液和刷涂节水保湿膜，在混凝土外表构成一层隔水薄膜，刷涂完节水保湿膜后，再在布局物外外表用塑料布进行绑扎包裹。避免混凝土内部水分因为风砂、太阳直射构成蒸腾。该种技术是极旱荒漠区域进行节水和保证施工质量的重要办法。　　2.5 环保统筹，废水使用地处安西极旱荒漠天然保护区，当地生态极点软弱，为了保证施工对当地生态到达最小的影响，保证施工发生的污水、废弃物等不对环境形成污染。在每个工区修建了一座三级沉淀池和废弃物处置场。中国论文网 yI-P0E8dl$F　　沉淀池进行污水收回，把平常预制场保护用水、日子废水进行二次收回使用，经过收回的废水可用于便道降尘，暂时工程施工场所的夯实硬化浇水等。
Together in construction worksite equipment 4 150 m size 26 t roller, a flat machine, a bulldozer, two water car, each layer of subgrade in the construction before the accurate accounting every car packing paving thickness, using the spilling white grid control, packing and shipped to the scene, the bulldozer peacefully paving machine agility, arrived at the experiment concluded that the paving thickness, water on the basis of field experiment concluded that the moisture content of car filling water, and then four rollers parallel compaction operations, through the orderly connection between construction technology and equipment are added, reduce construction time of each process to control packing transpiration moisture content. Crush, after check the qualified right away again at the top layer of soil cover, closed wet packing in this layer. Optimized the construction technology and reasonable arrangement of work, is to water moisture and useful way to ensure the quality of subgrade construction. Choose in subgrade engineering construction of culverts and other layout spray protection fluid and brush water moisturizing membrane, form a layer of waterproof film, in the concrete appearance after brush the water-saving moisturizing membrane, and the layout of the store looks bundle wrapped in plastic sheeting. To avoid moisture inside the concrete because of the wind sand and sun transpiration. This kind of technology is the extremely arid desert area of water conservation and the important way to ensure construction quality. 2.5 environmental protection as a whole, the waste water use is located in anxi extremely drought desert natural reserve, weak local ecological pole, in order to guarantee the construction effects on local ecological reach minimum, ensure that the construction of sewage, waste, etc. No environmental pollution. In each work area built a level 3 sedimentation tank and the waste disposal sites. Net of paper of Chinese yI - P0E8dl $F sedimentation tank for sewage, prefabricated water protection, the usual days back for a second use, wastewater after recovery of waste water can be used in the road dust, cement, water and other temporary construction places.
　　　极旱荒漠风砂区域进行铁路工程施工，极度缺乏的水资源和铁路施工很多的施工用水是制约施工质量的一个对立，怎么进行有用的节水施工和对现有水资源的科学合理使用以及下降生产成本，是摆在施工修路人面前的一道课题，中铁十七局集团依据安西极旱荒漠区域的实际状况，联系本身多年的施工经历，经过优化施工技术，科学、合理安排施工生产实践，期望为往后相似条件下进行的铁路施工供给一条可学习的经历。
Extremely drought desert wind sand area of railway project construction, extreme lack of water and rail construction a lot of construction quality of water is a contradiction, how to make useful water saving construction and scientific and rational use of existing water resources and the decline in production costs, are a subject on the construction of roads in front of people, and China railway 17th bureau group on the basis of anxi extremely dry desert area actual situation, contact itself after years of construction experience, through optimization of construction technology, science, reasonable arrangement of construction production practice, expect to supply back on railway construction under similar conditions with a learning experience.

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这三年来感谢广西工业职业技术学院汽车工程系的老师对我专业思维及专业技能的培养，他们在学业上的心细指导为我工作和继续学习打下了良好的基础，在这里我要像诸位老师深深的鞠上一躬!特别是我的班主任吴廷川老师，虽然他不是我的专业老师，但是在这三年来，在思想以及生活上给予我鼓舞与关怀让我走出了很多失落的时候，“明师之恩，诚为过于天地，重于父母”，对吴老师的感激之情我无法用