高中形容词知识点总结(课堂PPT).ppt

形容词adjectiveu形容词的构成u形容词的位置u形容词的比较级和最高级u比较等级的用法11.形容词的构成形容词的构成后缀例子后缀例子名词+ysunsunnywindwindy加后缀-ishfool-foolishself-selfish加后缀-ablecomfort-comfortableadvise-advisable加后缀-iveexpense-expensiveact-active加后缀-alnation-nationalnature-natural加后缀-fulpower-powerfulpeace-peaceful加后缀-enwood-woodengold-golden加后缀-ousdanger-dangerousfame-famous加后缀-entdiffer-differentinsist-insistent名词+lyfriend-friendlymonth-monthly1.1 本身即为形容词的词：本身即为形容词的词：red,glad,nice1.2 加后缀组成的形容词加后缀组成的形容词21.3 复合形容词的构成复合形容词的构成组成例子组成例子副词词干+现在分词hard-working数词词干+名词+形容词five-year-old副词词干+过去分词well-educated形容词词干+过去分词ready-made名词词干+过去分词man-made形容词词干+名词-edkind-hearted名词词干+现在分词peace-loving形容词词干+现在分词easy-going名词词干+形容词world-famous形容词词干+形容词dark-blue数词词干+名词five-star其他形式face-to-faceover-all数词词干+名词-edthree-leggedPS：“名词+分词”构成的形容词，究竟是用-ing形式的 分词，还是用-ed形式的分词，容易混淆，记住不要看复合词本身中的名词与分词的关系，要看复合词与被修饰词的关系，如peace-loving people。1.4 分词形容词分词形容词 现在分词构成的形容词修饰事物，常译为“令人的过去分词构成的形容词修饰人，常译为“感到的”annoying,boring,exciting,frightening,disappointing,discouraging,embarrassingannoyed,bored,excited,frightened,disappointed,discouraged,embarrassed32.形容词的位置形容词的位置限定词数量词形容词1234567891011冠词的限定词（放在冠词前冠词/指示代词/所有格/不定代词等序数词基数词性质状态大小/长短/形状新旧/温度颜色国籍材料用途/类别bothsuchthe,a(n),your,Tomsthis,that,thesethoseanothersomeanyfirstsecondthirdfourthfifthonetwothreefourfivekindfinegoodsicklargesmallbiglongshortroundoldnewcoolhotredbluewhitegreenChineseEnglishJapaneseAmericaironstonesilkchemicalmedical 当多个形容词同时出现作定语时，一般按照各形容词与被修饰词之间的紧密程度排列，其排列顺序如下：锦囊妙记：限定描述大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。锦囊妙记：限定描述大长高形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。43.形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级和最高级构成原级比较级最高级一般加一般加-er和和-eststrongstrongerstrongest以字母以字母e结尾只加结尾只加-r，-stlatelaterlatest以一个以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节节，双写这一辅音字母后再加，双写这一辅音字母后再加-er，-estgladhotthingladderhotterthinnergladdesthottestthinnest以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将结尾的词，将y变为变为i，再加，再加-er，-estangrymerryuglyearlyangriermerrieruglierearlierangriestmerriestugliestearliest其他双音节词和多音节词其他双音节词和多音节词，在词，在词前加前加more或或mostenthusiasticmore enthusiasticmost enthusiastic3.1 规则变化规则变化 以以“元音字母元音字母+y”结尾的词，结尾的词，y不变，再加不变，再加-er，-estgraygrayergrayest有少数几个双音节以及以有少数几个双音节以及以-er以以及及-le结尾的词，有两种形式结尾的词，有两种形式common cleversimplecommoner/more commoncleverer/more cleversimpler/more simple“劣等劣等”比较，在比较，在adj原型前加原型前加less/leastkindusefulless kindless usefulleast kindleast useful复合式形容词比较等级复合式形容词比较等级well-knownbetter-knownbest-known53.2 不规则变化不规则变化 原级good wellbadilllittlemuchmanyfaroldlate比较级betterworselessmorefartherfurtherolderelderlater最高级bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthestoldesteldestlatest1、older/elder oldest/eldest1.1 Older，oldest指时间、年龄、年代的长短、救援，既可指人，又可指物。1.2 Elder，eldest指家庭成员的长幼顺序。2、farther/further farthest/furthest2.1 farther，farthest表示距离的远（）2.2 further，furthest表示程度61）肯定句中常用“as+原级形容词+as”的结构：Marys spoken English is as good as mine.2）在否定句中，既可用asas结构，也可用soas结构：My handwriting is not as/so beautiful as yours.3）如若第一个as后的形容词作定语修饰名词，应将名词及有关修饰语全列在第一个as之后，常用的句型结构如下：as+adj.+a/an+单数名词单数名词+asThe girl has as sweet a voice as the nightingaleas+adj.+不可数名词不可数名词+asHe gave as valuable advice as you did.as many+复数名词复数名词+as；as much+不可数不可数名词名词+as He spent as much time playing games as he did studying his lessons.We have produced as many computers as we did last year.as much+(a/an)+名词名词+asIt is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.4.比较等级的用法比较等级的用法4.1 原级比较，即甲=乙时 PS：as+形容词形容词+as+数量词数量词+名词名词=数量词数量词+名词名词+形容词形容词，如：The rare plant is as tall as 10 meters.=The rare plant is 10 meters tall.英语中有些看似是同级比较的结构，实际上它们是一些习惯用语，如：as long as,as soon as,as well as,as good as(=very nearly),asas possible,as far as7组合搭配表示内容例句比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意为“越来越”My English is improving.It is getting better and better.the+比较级比较级+，the+比较级比较级+一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意为“越（就）越”The older you grow,the wiser youll become.not+比较级比较级+than；no+比较级比较级+than一方不如一方；前者和后者一样都不My French is not better than yours.My French is no better than yours.no more than；not more than=only，不过，仅仅；=at most，最多The first prize winner is no more than 10 years old.The first prize winner is not more than 10 years old.no less+原级原级+than；not less+原级原级+than=as+原级+as，和一样=perhaps+比较级+than，至少不比差；也许比更He is no less busy than a bee.=He is as busy as a bee.He is not less busy than his elder brother.=He is perhaps busier than his elder brother.no less than；not less than=as much/many as，和一样；=at least，最少He has no less than 5 dogs.=He has as many as 5 dogs.He has not less than 5 dogs=He has at least 5 dogs.morethan与其，不如He is more my friend than my teacher.the+比较级比较级+of the two两个中比较的The taller of the two boys is my brother.by表示相差的程度She is taller than I by 3 inches.many more；much more只能修饰可数名词复数形式；既可修饰不可数名词，也可构成比较级many more workersmuch more money,much more important4.2 比较级的一些特殊用法比较级的一些特殊用法8最高级的用法1、表示三者或三者以上程度最高，句式为：the+adj最高级+（n）+表示范围的短语或从句This is the oldest theater in London.Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.PS:(1)a most=十分、非常，表示程度，=veryLast week we has a most heated discussion on this topic.(2)如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in，如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。China is the largest country in Asia.China is the largest one of all the Asian countries.92、比较级形式表达最高级意思。2.1 比较级+than any otherRose is taller than any other girl in her class.Rose is taller than the other girl in her class.Rose is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.Rose is the tallest girl in her class.Rose is the tallest of the girls in her class.No girl is taller than Rose in her class.2.2“否定词+比较级”I have never heard a better voice than yours.=Your voice is the best voice that I have ever heard.2.3 最高级的修饰词，常用的有序数词以及much,（by）,far,nearly,almost等The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.Of the three girls,Betty is much the cleverest.10含形容词比较级的习语含形容词最高级的习语more or less 或多或少sooner or later 迟早much less=still less 更不必说more than once(=often)不止一次once more(=once again)再一遍more than (=over)超过 (=very)非常(not only)不仅仅at(the)latest 最迟at(the)most 最多，不超过at least 至少at best 充其量do ones best 尽力for the most part 多半，通常make the best/most of 充分利用not in the least=not at all 一点也不The work is more or less finished.More than one person was killed in that accident.As long as you do your best,well be happy.4.3 含形容词比较词、最高级的习语含形容词比较词、最高级的习语11