2023年考博英语真题.doc

浙 江 理 工 大 学
2023年博士硕士招生入学考试试题
考试科目：英语 代码： 1001
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Part I Vocabulary (20 marks, 1 mark each)
Section A
Directions: In this section there are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.
1. If you never do any work, you will only have yourself ____ if you fail your examination.
A. to fault B. to reprove C. to mistake D. to blame
2. I’d like to study under your guidance, because I know you are a(n) ____ scientist in physics.
A. prominent B. requisite C. desperate D. impatient
3. Before their skins were used, their feet were ____, leading to the misconception that the birds never had feet.
A. cut down B. cut into C. cut over D. cut off
4. With the constant change of the conditions, the outcome is not always _____.
A. favorable B. reasonable C. dependable D. predictable
5. The television station is supported by ______ from foundations and other sources.
A. pensions B. accounts C. donations D. advertisements
6. We’ll all take a vacation in the mountains as soon as I finish working _____ my project.
A. with B. on C. in D. about
7. Her husband is interested in designing electronic _________.
A. safety B. management C. routine D. devices
8 Gestures are an important means to _______ message.
A. study B. convey C. keep D. exploit
9. ________ preparations were being made for the Prime Minister's official visit to the four foreign countries.
A. Elaborate B. Wise C. Neutral D. Optional
10. ____ adults, young children find little difficulty in imitating sounds in foreign languages.
A. Not like B. Unlike C. Being not D. Not as

Section B
Directions: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrases underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.
11. The financial pressure will bring about enormous psychological discomfort.
A. dense B. distinct C. doubtful D. great
12. It is the unique satisfaction they can derive from the work they accomplished.
A. inherit B. obtain C. ignore D. accompany
13. The managers are working hard to transform their entire organizations.
A. found B. rank C. reform D. destroy
14. The most terrible disputes are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence.
A. agreements B. discussions C. conversations D. arguments
15. You should be cautious about what you are going to say.
A. polite B. prevailing C. internal D. careful
16. They consulted their tutor about this difficult issue and got what they needed.
A. asked advice of B. got benefit from C. kept an eye on D. made up of
17. It is necessary to contrast China’s education system with in USA.
A. overcome B. compare C. admit D. celebrate
18. He mentioned that kind of happiness which most people have lived through.
A. concealed B. proposed C. complained D. experienced
19. It must be clear that these problems must be tackled before Friday.
A. existed B. solved C. remembered D. assumed
20. My friend unexpectedly dropped in, and I had no time to entertain them.
A. visited B. stepped in C. dropped off D. met

Part II Cloze Test (20 marks, 1 mark each)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.
During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. 21 the crops were good, the 22 was good; when the crops failed, there was 23 . People on city streets 24 the yields and the price of wheat with almost as much 25 as if they were growers. The 26 of wheat became an increasingly 27 topic of conversation.
War set the stage for the most 28 events in marketing the western crop. For years farmers 29 speculative (投机旳) grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg grain Exchange. Wheat 30 were generally low in the autumn, 31 farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often 32 they sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm 33 were coming due only to see prices rising and speculators 34 rich. On various 35 , producer groups asked for firmer controls, but governments had no wish to become involved, at least 36 wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild.
Anxious to check inflation and rising living cost, the federal government appointed a 37 of grain supervisors to handle deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was 38 , and farmers sold at prices 39 by the board. To handle the crop of 1919, the government 40 the first Canadian Wheat Board, with full authority to buy, sell, and set prices.

21. A If B. Since C. When D. But
22. A. economist B. economical C. economics D. economy
23. A. depression B. deprivation C. description D. depletion
24. A. looked B. watched C. saw D. noticed
25. A. thought B. feeling C. idea D. mind
26. A. growing B. purchasing C. keeping D. marketing
27. A. favourable B. favourite C. favour D. frequent
28. A. dramatic B. amusing C. dreadful D. interesting
29. A. misunderstood B. mistook C. mistrusted D. misjudged
30. A. values B. worth C. prices D. sales
31. A. so B. because C. and D. but
32. A. which B. what C. that D. because
33. A. debts B. savings C. taxes D. duties
34. A. being B. getting C. became D. grew
35. A. conditions B. situations C. occasions D. positions
36. A. when B. because C. if D. not until
37. A. board B. group C. committee D. organization
38. A. suspended B. sustained C. suspected D. delayed
39. A. setting B. fixed C. deciding D. determining
40. A. disappointed B. assigned C. entrusted D. appointed

Part III Reading Comprehension (25 marks, 1 mark each)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.

Passage 1
There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rules by ancient writers, who relate how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable.
A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox can not defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.
41. The writer does not believe that _________.
a. the truth makes men free b. people can protect themselves
c. princes are human d. leaders have to be consistent
42. “Prince” in the passage designates __________.
a. anyone in power b. elected officials
c. aristocrats d. sons of kings
43. The lion represents those who are __________.
a. too trusting b. reliant on force
c. strong and powerful d. lacking in intelligence
44. The fox, in the passage, is ____________.
a. admired for his trickery b. no match for the lion
c. pitied for his wiles d. considered worthless
45. The writer suggests that a successful leader must _______.
a. be prudent and faithful b. cheat and lie
c. have principle to guide his actions d. follow the truth

Passage 2
The ballad and the folk song have long been recognized as important keys to the thoughts and feelings of a people, but the dime novel, though sought by the collector and referred to in a general way by the social historian, is dismissed with a smile amusement by almost everyone else. Neither folk songs nor dime novels were actually created by the plain people of America. But in their devotion to these models of expression, the people made them their own. The dime novel, intended as it was for the great masses and designed to fill the pockets of both author and publisher, quite naturally sought the lowest common denominator: themes that were found to be popular and attitudes that met with the most general approval became stereotyped. Moreover, the dime novel, reflecting a much wider range of attitudes and ideas than the ballad and the folk song, is the nearest thing we have had in this country to a true “proletarian” literature, that is, a literature written for the great masses of people and actually read by them.
Although a study of our dime novels alone cannot enable anyone to determine what are the essential characteristics of the American tradition, it can contribute materially to that end. Sooner or later, the industrious researchers who have mined so many obscure lodes of American literary expression will almost certainly turn their attention to these novels and all their kind. Let no one think, however, that the salmon-covered paperbacks once so eagerly devoured by soldiers, lumberjacks, trainmen, hired girls, and adolescent boys now make exciting or agreeable reading even for the historian, much as the social and historical implications may interest him. As for the crowds today who get their sensational thrills from the movies and the tabloids, I fear that they would find these hair-raisers of an earlier age deadly dull.
46. The principal intention of the author of a dime novel was to __________.
a. explore a segment of American society.
b. promote the American political philosophy.
c. raise the level of intelligence of the great masses of people.
d. make money.
47. The “lowest common denominator” refers to _________.
a. the poorer classes.
b. themes and attitudes that would be accepted by the greatest number of people.
c. attitudes accepted by the American intellectuals.
d. the character of the authors of the dime novel.
48. “Proletarian” literature is _________.
a written for and read by the great masses of people.
b. distinguished by its devotion to pornography.
c. distinguished by its elegant style.
d. written for, but not actually read by, most people.
49. The author believes that a study of our dime novels __________.
a. is a waste of time
b. would be sufficient in itself to determine the essential characteristics of the American tradition.
c. would be a valuable contribution in determining the essential characteristics of the American tradition.
d. would be amusing but unimportant.
50. Which of the following is implied in the passage?
a. The attitudes of the masses of people are best expressed by sociology texts.
b. The nearest thing we have had to a proletarian literature is the dime novel.
c. The study of the formal literature alone will not enable the historian to understand the attitudes and interests of the common people.
d. Because the themes in the dime novels were not good, they could no longer be legally distributed.

Passage 3
When we say somebody touches us emotionally, it means he or she has gone to the core of our being. Physical touch, too, is more than skin-deep. Skin is the human body’s largest organ, containing millions of receptors --- about 8,000 in a single fingertip --- that send messages through nerve fibers to the spinal cord and then to the brain. A simple touch --- a hand on a shoulder, an arm around a waist --- can reduce the heart rates and lower blood pressure. Even people in deep comas may show changes in their heart rates when their hands are held. Positive, nurturing touch appears to stimulate the release of endorphins, the body’s natural pain suppressors. That may explain why a mother’s hug can literally “make it better” when a child skins his knee
According to TRI research, message boosts immune function --- even in HIV positive patients --- and lower levels of stress hormones cortical and nor epinephrine.
Also, massaged preemies were discharged from the hospital six days sooner on average. With hundreds of thousands of premature births each year, one might think hospital nurseries would be falling all over themselves to establish massage programs. Yet they are still not widespread.
Perhaps one reason is cultural. Some countries are more tactile than others. When psychologist Sidney Jourard observed rates of causal touch among couples in cafes around the world, he reported the highest rate in Puerto Rico (180 times per hours). Field found that French adolescents demonstrate significantly more casual touching --- learning on a friend, putting an arm around another’s shoulder. “American teenagers were more likely to fi