2023年英语一真题.doc

2023年全国硕士硕士入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Listening Comprehension
Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.
Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions:
For questions 1-5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)
Geography of Belgium
Three main regions
coastal plain
central plateau
highlands
1
Highest altitude of the coastal plain
m
2
Climate near the sea
Humid
Mild
3
Particularly rainy months of the years
April
November
4
Average temperatures in July in Brussels
low
13℃
high
℃
5
Part B
Directions:
For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)
What is Saffo according to himself?
The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and ________.
The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is________.
To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and________.
What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?
A (technology) forecaster
6
government agencies
7
A meaningful (exercise)
8
open to change
9
Trust and cooperation
10
Part C

Directions:
You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)
Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.
11. What do we often do with the things we love?
[A] Ask for their names.
[B] Name babies after them.
[C] Put down their names.（D）
[D] Choose names for them.
12. The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if ________.
[A] the family tree is fairly limited
[B] the family tie is strong enough
[C] the name is commonly used（B）
[D] nobody in the family complains
13. Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will ___
[A] show the beauty of its own
[B] develop more associations
[C] lose the original meaning（C）
[D] help form the baby’s personality
Questions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?
[A] 90
[B] 108
[C] 180（D）
[D] 668
15. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made ________.
[A] England’s footballer of the year
[B] a soccer coach in West Germany
[C] a medalist for his sportsmanship（A）
[D] a number of the Order of the British Empire
16. After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was ________.
[A] editing Sunday Sport
[B] working for Capital Radio
[C] managing professional soccer teams（C）
[D] developing a sports marketing company
Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17. Belfast has long been famous for its ________.
[A] oil refinery
[B] linen textiles
[C] food products（B）
[D] deepwater port
18. Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?
[A] Soap
[B] Grain
[C] Steel（A）
[D] Tobacco
19. When was Belfast founded
[A] In 1177
[B] In 1315
[C] In the 16th century（A）
[D] In the 17th century
20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?
[A] French refugees arrived.
[B] The harbor was destroyed.
[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.（C）
[D] The city was taken by the English.
You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; , children are likely to have less supervision at home was common in the traditional family . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased of drugs and alcohol, and the growing of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering （C）[D] commenting
22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until （D）[D] because
23. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation （A）[D] consultation
24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference （D）[D] response
25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but （A）[D] or else
26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting （B）[D] discarding
27. [A] on [B] in [C] for （C）[D] with
28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive （D）[D] subject
29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check （A）[D] reflect
30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come （B）[D] amount
31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast （A）[D] at length
32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn （C）[D] essence
33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken （D）[D] experienced
34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly （B）[D] simultaneously
35. [A] than [B] that [C] which （A）[D] as
36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept （B）[D] heritage
37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible （B）[D] incredible
38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation （D）[D] availability
39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure （A）[D] popularity
40. [A] provide [B] since [C] although （C）[D] supposing
Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent.” It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do -- then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.
Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.
41. How did Redmon find his job?
[A] By searching openings in a job database.
[B] By posting a matching position in a database.
[C] By using a special service of a database.（C）
[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
[A] Lack of counseling.
[B] Limited number of visits.
[C] Lower efficiency.（A）
[D] Fewer successful matches.
43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.
[A] advisory
[B] compensation
[C] interaction（D）
[D] reminder
44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
[A] To focus on better job matches.
[B] To attract more returning visits.
[C] To reserve space for more messages.（B）
[D] To increase the rate of success.
45. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.
[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.（C）
[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
Text 2
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?
[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.
[B] A type of conspicuous bias.
[C] A type of personal prejudice.（A）
[D] A kind of brand discrimination.
47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.
[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.
[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.（D）
[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.
[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students
[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students（C）
[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight
49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ”