新视野大学英语第三版电子教案设计Book2Unit2.pdf

文档 Unit 2 College The ladder to success?Understanding and Learning Overview This unit addresses the topic of the value of higher education,which is mainly centered on young people who are facing bewilderment in educational choices.We hope that students will realize the significance of the humanitieswith which students can gain more insights into life and society and be aware of cultural and religious differences.Text A advocates that by taking courses in the humanities,students are likely to grow into good people.Text B opposes getting a college education only for a future career,an extreme thinking driven by the economic downturn.Section A The humanities:Out of date?Background information 1.the humanities The humanities are a group of academic disciplines that study the human condition,using methods that are primarily analytical,critical,or speculative.Therefore,they are distinguished from the approaches of the natural sciences.The humanities,called social sciences,include history,anthropology,communication studies,cultural studies,law,language,literature,philosophy,religion,music and theater,etc.Through exploration of the humanities,students learn how to think creatively and critically,to reason,and to ask questions.Because these skills allow students to gain new insights into everything from poetry and paintings to business models and politics,humanistic subjects have been at the heart of a liberal arts education.Today,humanistic knowledge continues to provide the ideal foundation for exploring and understanding the human experience.2.self-awareness Self-awareness isnt a quality that you demonstrate by telling a story,but rather it has to do with how you tell the story and your ability to communicate what you learned.Being able to explain to the admissions committee why you value one accomplishment above others,what you learned from a setback,or the deeper meaning of your career goals,is evidence of self-awareness.Furthermore,the self-aware individual has knowledge of both his strengths and weaknesses.3.James Cameron World-famous director of the movie,Titanic.The film received 14 Academy Award nominations and was awarded 11 Oscars.4.Sally Ride An American physicist and a former NASA astronaut.In 1983,at age 32,she became the first American woman and then youngest American to enter space.5.Bruce Lee A Chinese-American actor,martial arts instructor,philosopher,film director,film producer,and screenwriter.He was considered the most influential martial artist and a cultural icon.Born in San Francisco,he was raised in Hong Kong until his late teens.He moved back to the United States at 18 and studied philosophy at Washington University.文档 6.Gwyneth Paltrow An American actress and singer.She gained worldwide recognition through her performance in Shakespeare in Love(1998),for which she won Academy Award for Best Actress.7.Renee Zellweger An American actress and producer.She received two nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress and won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.8.Matt Damon An American actor and screenwriter.He and his friend Ben Affleck won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay for their work Good Will Hunting(1997).He also got multiple Best Actor nominations.9.Harold Varmus An American Nobel Prize-winning scientist and the 14th and current Director of the National Cancer Institute.He was a co-recipient of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on the origins of cancer.10.Michael Eisner An American businessman.He was the chief executive officer of The Walt Disney Company from 1984 until 2005.Detailed study of the text 1.When the going gets tough,the tough take accounting.(Para.1)Meaning:When conditions or situations become difficult,determined people choose to study the subject of accounting,hoping they can more easily find a job in the future.When the going gets tough:when the situation becomes difficult 当形势变得严峻时 When the going gets tough,women can get as tough as men.当形势变得严峻时，女人可以变得跟男人一样坚强。accounting:n.C the work of accountants or the methods they use会计;会计学 Students major objective is to be financially well off.Accordingly,today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.学生的主要目的是经济上富裕。因此，当今最流行的课程不是文学或历史，而是会计。take accounting:choose to study the subject of accounting 选择学会计 2.When the job market worsens,many students calculate they cant major in English or history.(Para.1)Meaning:When there are fewer job openings,many college students make a judgment from the situation and think they cant study English or history as their major.calculate:vt.1)make a judgment about what is likely to happen using the available information 估计；预测；推测 It s difficult to calculate the long-term effects of these changes in the law.这些法律上变化带来的长期影响是难以预测的。2)find out how much sth.will cost,how long sth.will take,etc.by using numbers 计算；核算 Nowadays the accountants in the enterprise use computers to calculate the cost of production with accuracy.如今，企业财务人员利用电脑来计算准确的生产成本。major in:study sth.as your main subject at college or university 主修（某一）科目 The high demand for persons with knowledge about computers is why I chose to major in computer science at the university.对具有电脑知识人才的高需我选择在大学主修计算机科学的原因。文档 3.They have to study something that boosts their prospects of landing a job.(Para.1)Meaning:They have to study something that improves their chances of success in finding a job.boost:vt.increase or improve sth.to make it more successful 促进；推动；使兴旺 Some countries hope that warmer weather and more rain will boost their farm output.一些国家希望更温暖的天气和更多的降雨能提高他们的农业产量。prospect:n.C,U sth.that is possible or likely to happen in the future,or the possibility itself 可能的事情；很能发生的事情；前景 Career prospects in science and technology are virtually unlimited.科技类职业的前景几乎是无可限量的。4.The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition,they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and“hard”skills that they bet will lead to unemployment.Meaning:The facts and information show that as students have spent increasingly more money on tuition,they have turned away from the humanities to some practical courses that they believe will enable them to get a job more easily.defect:vi.Leave a country,political party,or organization to go to another one 被判；叛逃 He defected from the party in the late 1970s.他在 20世纪 70 年代后期背叛了该党。n.C a fault in sb.or sth.缺点；欠缺；不足之处 Stammering is probably an inherited defect.口吃可能是一种遗传缺陷。Usage NOTE defect,deficiency 1.在表示“人的缺点，设计制造方面的缺点或缺陷”时，名词 defect 和 deficiency 的词义相近。physiological defect/deficiency生理缺陷 The new car has to be withdrawn from the market because of a mechanical defect.这款新汽车因有机械缺陷，必须被撤出市场。The deficiency of this plan is very clear,so it cant possibly succeed.这项计划的缺陷是很明显的，所以它不可能成功。2.但表示“缺少，不足”(shortage)时，只可用 deficiency。There are serious deficiencies in the number of suitable aircraft.符合要求的飞机数量严重不足。During the war children suffered from a deficiency of food.战争期间孩子们遭受了缺乏食物之苦。applied:a.(usu.before noun)used for describing educational subjects when they are studied for their practical uses（学科）应用的，实用的 Industry leaders want scientists to engage in basic research,not applied research.产业领导者们希望科学家们从事基础研究，而不是应用研究。bet:(bet,bet)vt.be fairly sure that sth.is true,that sth.will happen,etc.,although you cant prove this 肯定 I bet the train will be late.我敢打赌，列车会晚点。v.risk money on the result of a race,game,competition or other future event 下赌注；与打赌 I bet my life that he will take my money and leave.我敢用我的命打赌，他将拿着我的钱离开。5.In other words,a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment.(Para.2)Meaning:In other words,a college education is more considered as a method to improve students 文档 economic status rather than improve human nature or behavior.6.This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate.(Para.2)Meaning:Very likely,the trend will continue to exist and even go faster than ever.persist:vi.(fml.)continue to exist 继续存在；持续 1)If the bad weather persists,the farmers will suffer great losses this year.如果恶劣天气持续，农民今年将遭受巨大的损失。2)continue to do sth.,although this is difficult,or other people oppose it 坚持；执意 Students must persist in their efforts if they wish to do well.学生如果想取得好成绩就必须坚持努力。accelerate:v.happen or make sth.happen at a faster rate（使）加快；促进 Human activities can cause or accelerate permanent changes in natural systems.人类的活动可能导致或加速自然系统的永久变化。7.Over the next few years,as labor market struggle,the humanities will probably continue their long slide in succession.(Para.3)Meaning:For the next few years,as the going gets tough with labor markets,the subjects of the humanities will continue to shrink and worsen for a long time each year.Note It might be worthwhile to have a review of the word slide used as a noun or a verb:n.usu.sing.a situation in which sth.gradually gets worse or sb.develops a problem(情况)变糟，恶化；（人）出现问题 School administrators were unable to explain the slide in students performance.学校管理人员无法解释学生成绩下降的原因。Usage NOTE persist,insist 1.persist 可用于表示“继续存在；持续”，尤其用于不好的事情，而 insist 没有此意。Contact your doctor if the cough persists.如果咳嗽持续，请联系您的医生。2.persist 和 insist 容易混淆主要是当两者均表示“坚持”时。persist 用于表示“坚持”时，表示“坚持反复做同一件事”，后接介词 in，多用于褒义，指“坚持持续做某事”，有时用于贬义，指“不听劝告；顽固坚持”。Her mother tried to persuade her to go to bed early,but she persisted in working until the small hours.她母亲劝她早点睡，但她仍坚持工作到凌晨。insist 用于表示“坚持”时，表示“坚持做某件事（尤其指麻烦或令人讨厌的事）”，后接介词 on。She insisted on washing her hair just when I wanted to have a bath.当我想泡个澡时，她还在那洗头。3.insist 还可用于表示“对意见、主张等的坚持”。insist 用于此意时，后接介词 on，也可以接 that 引导的从句（是否用虚拟语气，视情况而定，即看从句的内容是否是事实），而 persist 无此意。They insist on having a job done well no matter how much time is required.他们坚持无论需要多少时间都要将工作做好。The doctor insisted that she(should)take the medicine,but she insisted that she was not ill.医生坚持让她服此药，但她坚持自己没病。文档 v.gradually become worse,or begin to have a problem 逐渐破坏；开始出现问题 Students test scores started to slide in the mid-1990s.20世纪 90年代中期，学生的考分开始下降。succession:n.sing.a series of people or things of the same type 一连串，一系列（同类型的人或物）After graduation,he took a succession of low-paid jobs.毕业后他干了一连串报酬低微的工作。in succession:happening one after the other without anything different happening in between 连续发生地；接连发生地 She is an accomplished athlete and won the championship four times in succession.她是一个成功的运动员，连续四次获得冠军。8.There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts majors over the past generation,and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even accelerate.(Para.3)Meaning:Based on the factor that there already has been about 50 percent decrease in the numbers of students majoring in liberal arts over the past years,it is reasonable to think that the trend will surely continue or even speed up.liberal:a.1)(arts)school or college subjects that give students a general education and teach them to think rather than those subjects that develop practical skills 文科 The liberal arts are college or university subjects such as history,languages and literature but not science.文科是学院或大学的如历史、语言和文学之类的学习课目，而不是理科学科。2)accepting different opinions and ways of behaving and tending to be sympathetic to other people 心胸宽广的；开明的 She is known to have liberal views on divorce.人们知道她对离婚持有开明的观点。logical:a.connecting ideas or reasons in a sensible way 合乎逻辑的；合理的 It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented.脱离熟悉的环境时，人们会感到迷失方向，这样想是符合逻辑的。bound:a.(to)sth.that is bound to happen will almost certainly happen 一定的；几乎肯定的 The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.明天的天气肯定更好。9.Once the dominant pillars of university life,the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours.These days,labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries.(Para.3)Meaning:The humanities that once dominated university life now play a trivial role when students have their college visits;nowadays,labs are more eye-catching and fascinating than libraries.dominant:a.more important,powerful,or successful than the other people or things of the same type 有优势的；占统治地位的 Unemployment rate will be the dominant issue at the next president election.失业率将是下次总统选举中的主要话题。pillar:n.C 1)a very important part of a system of beliefs or ideas（信仰或思想）非常重要的部分 Equality is one of the pillars of a stable society.平等是一个稳定社会的支柱之一。2)a thick strong upright post that supports part of a building 柱子；支柱 Eight massive stone pillars supported the roof.八根巨大的石柱支撑起房顶。vivid:a.having or producing very clear and detailed images in the mind 清晰的；生动的 He gave a very vivid and often shocking account of his time in prison.他描述了他在监狱的往事，文档 非常生动，也非常令人震惊。compel:vt.force sb.to do sth.强迫；迫使 As a school boy,he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter.当他还是一个在校的小男孩时，即使在冬天他也被迫穿短裤。compelling:a.interesting or exciting enough to keep your attention completely 有强烈吸引力的；引人入胜的 Steve Job s life makes a compelling story.史蒂夫乔布斯的一生是一个引人入胜的故事。10.Here,please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to people s lives.(Para.4)Meaning:I here ask for your permission to let me defend and advertise the true value that the humanities bring to peoples lives.stand up for:support or defend a person or an idea when they are being attacked 支持；保卫；维护 Mary stood up for me at the meeting,sparing me some embarrassment.玛丽在会议上支持了我，使我免受了一些尴尬。promote:vt.support or encourage sth.支持；鼓励；提倡 To acknowledge other cultures will promote good will among people of different backgrounds.承认别人的文化会促进不同背景的人之间的友好亲善。11.Since ancient times,people have speculated about the mystery of those inner forces that drive some people to greatness and others to self-destruction.(Para.4)Meaning:Ever since ancient times,people have thought carefully and seriously why the mysterious forces coming from their inner world could be so powerful that it could make some people great while others morally deteriorate.speculated about/on:make guesses about the possible causes or effects of sth.without knowing all the facts or details 猜测；推测 It s too early to speculate about the outcome of the negotiations between the workers union and the companys leadership.要推测工会和公司管理层之间的谈判结果，还为时过早。mystery:n.C,usu.sing.sth.that you are not able to understand,explain,or get information about 不可思议的事物；无法解释的事物；谜 No one had ever been able to explain the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle.从来没有人能够解释Usage NOTE compel,oblige,force 这三个词都有“强迫”之意，但程度不同。pel 表示“强迫；迫使”，指“运用权力、力量迫使对方做某事”，尤其在被动语态中含“别无他法；不得不做”之意，compel的意义比 force弱。His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。2.oblige表示“强制；不得不”，指“因法律、道义、习俗或许诺的约束而必须去做某事”，多用被动语态，语气相对较弱。We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车3.force表示“强迫；迫使；逼迫”，指“以暴力威胁、武力强迫对方做某事”，后面跟的动作常是不情愿做的事，force的语气比 compel 和 oblige 强。The poor peasant was forced to sell his daughter to the landlord.那位贫穷的农民被迫将自己的女儿卖给地主。文档 百慕大三角之谜。destruction:n.U damage that is so severe that sth.stops existing or can never return to its normal state 毁灭；摧毁；破坏 The des