句型总结.pptx

todo句型总结.动词不定式做表语重点句型：Itseemsthatsb.sbseemstodosthItprovesthatsb.sbprovestodosthItappearsthatsbsbappearstodosthIthappensthatsbsbhappenstodosthsaidsaidItisknownthatsb.sbisknowndecideddecidedreportedreported*作表语时，如果是1.all+定语从句2.主语受only/first/one/least或形容词最高级修饰后又有定语从句修饰3.由what等引导的主语从句。以上三种情况中的从句中短语中有实意动词do时.Allhedoesisgossipaboutothers.TheonlythingIcoulddowasdoitalone.Whatwemustdoisreducethewasteofenergy.四个希望三答应四个希望三答应,（/wouldlike/hope/wish/expect/long/agree/promise/undertake）五个想要五个想要yao安排安排,（intend/plan/want/mean/desire/ask/arrange）设法学会做决定，设法学会做决定，(manage/learn/decide/determine)企图假装企图假装yuanyi选择，选择，（attempt/pretend/agree/choose）提供要求勿拒绝，提供要求勿拒绝，(offer/demand/refuse)威胁准备不失败。威胁准备不失败。(threaten/prepare/fail)。以下动词只能接动词不定式做宾语：agree,decide/determine,expect,hope,long/desire,manage,want,plan/design,tend/pretend,wish,wouldlike,seem,happen,learn,promise,usedto,taketrouble，setout,makeuponesmind,fail,arrange,hurry,prepare,mean(打算),refusemakeefforts,tryonesbest,takeonesturn,use.todo,cantwaittodo.havetodo,tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/allow/permit/advise/use/tell/teachsb.todosth.动词不定式做宾语补足语动词不定式做宾语补足语做使役类动词的宾语补足语做使役类动词的宾语补足语这类常见的使役类动词有这类常见的使役类动词有getmakehavelet等。在等。在makehavelet后，做宾语补足语的不定式不带后，做宾语补足语的不定式不带to。Tips:当句型转为被动语态，宾补变为主补时，当句型转为被动语态，宾补变为主补时，to要加上。要加上。Illgetsomeonetocarryyourluggage.Thedoctorsmadehimgiveupsmoking.Hewasmadetogiveupsmoking.做感官类动词的宾语补足语做感官类动词的宾语补足语感官类动词如感官类动词如see,hear,feel,notice,observe等。在此做宾语补足语的不定式不带等。在此做宾语补足语的不定式不带to。Tips:当句型转为被动语态，宾补变为主补时，当句型转为被动语态，宾补变为主补时，to要加上。要加上。Isawhimtakeyourdictionaryaway.Ifeltsomethingcrawlupmyleg.Hewasseentowatertheflowers.做判断类动词的宾语补足语做判断类动词的宾语补足语判断类动词主要有：判断类动词主要有：judge/think/consider/find/know/suppose/prove等等Weknowhimtobehonest.Ijudgehertobeaboutsixtyyearsofage.做建议、命令类动词的宾语补足语做建议、命令类动词的宾语补足语建议、命令类动词主要有建议、命令类动词主要有:advise/allow/beg/command/forceencourage/permit/request/order/warn/persuadeHecommandedthesoldierstobesilent.Wedontallowsuchthingstohappenagain.做某些短语动词的宾语补足语做某些短语动词的宾语补足语如如longfor/waitfor/callon/relyon/dependon/arrangefor等等relyonyoutofinishtheworktoday.Wearewaitingforthedoctortocome.Hecalledoneveryfriendtosupporthisplan.动词feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel/find/make/.it+adj./n.+todo.。如：.发现/认为/感到做某事是Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.Whoisthefirsttogetthere?动词不定式做定语，常跟在下面这些名词词后面，起动词不定式做定语，常跟在下面这些名词词后面，起到定语修饰这些名词的作用：到定语修饰这些名词的作用：A.effortfailurepromisedesireB.way,pleasure,plantime,chance,power,ability,C.idea,method,habit,purposeA组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式动词不定式B组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要用动词不定式动词不定式或或ofdoingsth形式形式C组名词，组名词，后面如果有动词做定语，要将动词使用后面如果有动词做定语，要将动词使用ofdoingsth的形式的形式动词不定式做定语动词不定式做定语动词不定式可以跟在名词后面做定语。动词不定式可以跟在名词后面做定语。例如：例如：Ihavenothing(tosay).Ihavenothing(towrite).Findmearoom(tolivein).Findmearoominwhichtolive.Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.Givemeapieceofpaperonwhichtowrite.Heisamantodependon.Heisamanonwhomtodepend.注意：当动词不定式作定语的时候，它和所修饰注意：当动词不定式作定语的时候，它和所修饰的名词有的名词有 逻辑上的逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系，即，即”做某事做某事“，因此要用主动形式表被动，因此要用主动形式表被动.动词不定式做定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词的动词不定式做定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面，通常和它所修饰的词之间有逻辑关系。主谓关系、后面，通常和它所修饰的词之间有逻辑关系。主谓关系、动宾关系、动状关系、或同位关系。动宾关系、动状关系、或同位关系。1.Therearemany peopletobelievethisnonsense.2.Hewas the first persontopassthefinishingline.3.Thereisno more timetowaste.4.Theteacherleftusa lot of homeworktodo.5.Itisalreadytimetostartspringsowing.6Isitthe best waytosolvetheproblem?7.The wayhowtohelpthepupilisbeingstudied.8.The place wheretogohasnotbeenannounced.9.Youshouldnotmissany chance topracticeyourEnglish.10.Wearesurehehas the abilitytodealwiththisproblem.动词不定式做状语：动词不定式做状语：动名词不能做状语，做状语的是现在分词。动名词不能做状语，做状语的是现在分词。to do 做状语：做状语：1.表目的表目的 so as to do sth in order to do sth to do sth on purpose to do sth with the purpose of doing sth不定式做状语常见的句型不定式做状语常见的句型too-todo-Theboxistoosmalltoholdallthesethings.enoughtodo-Thewindisstrongenoughtocarrythesanddunes.such-astodo-Itwassuchagookfilmastomoveustotears.so-astodo-Wouldyoubesokindastolendyourbicycletome?onlyto-Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.2.动词不定式做结果状语动词不定式做结果状语 c.enough to do sth He is old enough to go to school.d.not enough to do sth He is not old enough to go to school.e.too.to do sth He is too young to go to school.He is not tall enough to reach the apples.He is too short to reach the apples.f.only to do sth 结果状语结果状语 I am here only to pointoutyourfaults.He said these words only to show that he had known nothing about it.g.just to do sth 只是只是 He left the stone just to hit his feet做原因状语做原因状语动词不定式常跟在一些表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词或动词动词不定式常跟在一些表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词或动词-ed形式的后米面，说明产生该情绪的原因形式的后米面，说明产生该情绪的原因有些动词不定式作状语，常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是：cheap,dangerous,difficult,easy,fun,hard,interesting,necessary。不定式常用主动式表被动意义Weshallbeveryhappytoco-operatewithyouintheproject.Allofuswereshockedtohearthesadnews.做条件状语做条件状语不定式做条件状语，可扩展成不定式做条件状语，可扩展成if引导的条件状语从句。引导的条件状语从句。TohearyouspeakEnglish,peoplemighttakeyouforanAmerican.1.Itstimetodosth.2.Ittakessb.sttodosth.3.tell/ask/want/encourage/invite/sb.todosth.4.Wouldyouliketodosth.?5.Itsgood/badtodosth.6.Itsgood/badforsbtodosth.7.be+adj+enoughtodosth.8.sbisreadytodosth.可做插入语的不定式有可做插入语的不定式有totellthetruth说实话说实话tobeexact精确地说精确地说 strangetosay说也奇怪说也奇怪tobesure的确的确tobehonest坦率地说坦率地说tobebrief简言之简言之tobeginwith首先首先nottosay更不用说更不用说tobelieveitornottomakethematterworse使事情更糟糕的是使事情更糟糕的是1.Its+adj.+forsb.todosth.2.Its+adj.+ofsb.todosth.3.wouldlike/love/decide/want/wish/todosth.4.wouldlike/lovesb.todosth.5.Prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.prefertostayathomeratherthangoout.6.what/how/when/where/whethertodosth7.cantwaittodo8.tootodo9.beafraid/ready/able/suretodo10.seemtodoItsonesturntodosth.Itstime(forsb.)todosth.Its+adj.for/ofsb.todosth（当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of）Itisverykind/foolish/ofyoutodoso.Ittakessb.sttodosth.sbfind/think/feelit+adj.todosthtoo+adj./adv.todosth.太.而不能序数词+todo第.个做某事be+adj+todosthsothatcan主句主句+inorderthat+主语主语+could+Vsoasthatwouldmay目的状语从句目的状语从句 mightshouldnotShestudiesveryhardsothathecangotocollege.Shestudiesveryhardtogotocollege.inordertogotocollege.soastogotocollege.withthepurposeofgoingtocollege.onpurposetogotocollege.动词不定式不带动词不定式不带to的情况：的情况：1）情态动词（除ought外）后。2）使役动词let,have,make后，感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如：Isawhimdance.我看见他跳舞。=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板让他们整夜干活。=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3）wouldrather，hadbetter句型后4）Why/whyno句型后5）help后可带to，也可不带to,helpsb（to）dosth：6）but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.他只想出去玩。Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.除了吃这药，他什么都信。7）由and,or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去：8）通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think等词后作宾补时，可以省去tobe。Heissupposed（tobe）nice.他应该是个好人。