完型填空的命题特点及应试对策.pptx

2007年高考预测年高考预测完形填空在高考英语中占有很高例，其完形填空在高考英语中占有很高例，其重要性不言而喻，但其难度系数较其他重要性不言而喻，但其难度系数较其他题型高，所以考生的得分率也相对低。题型高，所以考生的得分率也相对低。20072007年的完形填空也将年的完形填空也将继续遵循历年的继续遵循历年的命题特点和考查方式，在稳中求变命题特点和考查方式，在稳中求变。因。因此此,分析历年高考试题的命题特点，总结分析历年高考试题的命题特点，总结规律规律,找到相应的应试对策显得尤为重要。找到相应的应试对策显得尤为重要。命题特点命题特点文章体裁多以记叙文和夹叙夹议为主。文章体裁多以记叙文和夹叙夹议为主。近几年也有省市增加了散文，说明文，议论文等。文章故事情节完整情节完整，中心思想明确思想明确，逻辑结构清楚结构清楚，并大量采用铺垫，衬托等手法。考查方式多在词义辨析方面，以实词为主，考查方式多在词义辨析方面，以实词为主，虚词为辅。虚词为辅。更侧重在语境以及篇章结构整体理解的基础上考查。应试对策应试对策通读全文，掌握文章主旨大意。通读全文，掌握文章主旨大意。（重视段落句首，迅速捕获主题句）细读文章，根据行文的逻辑性和连贯性的特点细读文章，根据行文的逻辑性和连贯性的特点摸清文脉路。摸清文脉路。回读文章，整体核实答案。回读文章，整体核实答案。因此，考生须不断积累并熟练掌握词汇，积累并熟练掌握词汇，短语短语，重要的句型结构及语法等基础知识，重重 视视短文的主题句主题句，关键句关键句甚至标题标题，养成养成良好 的阅读习惯阅读习惯，培养培养较强的逻辑思维能力和推理逻辑思维能力和推理 判断能力判断能力。一一.通读全文，重视标题、首段、段落句首通读全文，重视标题、首段、段落句首 或尾段，掌握文章主题。或尾段，掌握文章主题。考例:(2006(2006北京北京)Learning to AcceptLearning to Accept I learned how to accept life as it is from my I learned how to accept life as it is from my father.father.36 36(However),he did not teach(However),he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong me acceptance when he was strong and healthy,but rather when he was and healthy,but rather when he was 37 37 (weak)and ill.(weak)and ill.点拨点拨:这是06年北京卷英语高考题中完形的标题和第一段。从标题“Learning to Accept”可以看出，本文主要是关于生活态度的话题，并从第一段的描述可以看出，是作者对待生活的一种态度接受，这为文章的进一步发展奠定了基础。二二.根据上下文语境或逻辑关系根据上下文语境或逻辑关系考例考例1:(2006(2006全国全国I)I)On a hotsummerdayinlateAugust,Isoughtshade and a On a hotsummerdayinlateAugust,Isoughtshade and a cool drink at a waterfront caf on a Greek island.cool drink at a waterfront caf on a Greek island.Over a hundred degrees in Over a hundred degrees in 36 36 air.Crowded.air.Crowded.Tempers(Tempers(脾气）脾气）of both the tourists and waiters of both the tourists and waiters hadhad 37 37 meet the situation,making it a rather meet the situation,making it a rather quarrelsome environmentquarrelsome environment（环境）。（环境）。36.A:fresh B:cool C:still D:thin36.A:fresh B:cool C:still D:thin 37.A:managed B:expected C:attempted D:37.A:managed B:expected C:attempted D:risenrisen点拨点拨:36题，37题均需要在了解上下文后，才能正确做出答案。从第一句“On a hot summer day”On a hot summer day”可以看出，天气很热，而且温度达100度（华氏），排除A，B；stillstill的一个意思是“with no wind”with no wind”；thinthin的意思是“containing containing less oxygen than normal”less oxygen than normal”，高温并不代表缺氧，所以空气应该是宁静无风的，故36题选C。答37题时，既需要前面的线索，也需要后面的文意，从后一句“making it a rather quarrelsome making it a rather quarrelsome environment”environment”可以看出，人们的脾气也像在迎合环境一样，越来越烦，故选D。【提示提示】了解上下文的内容联系和文章的逻辑 关系是做好完形填空的关键。做这类题 时，要求学生对整篇文章进行了解、把 握，通过对上下文的前后提示或暗示，进 行比较，判断，选出既符合上下文语境又 符合词义句义的正确选项。考例考例2:(2006 全国 I)At the table next to mine satanattractive,At the table next to mine satanattractive,38 38 couple,couple,waitiforwaitifor3939(service)Suddenly they stood,picked up(service)Suddenly they stood,picked up their their 4040andstepped together andstepped together 41 41 (off)the edge of (off)the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water.The man stepped water.The man stepped 42 42 for the two chairs for the two chairs One doesnt step into water in ones best One doesnt step into water in ones best summer clothes.Why not?summer clothes.Why not?38.A:lonely B:curious 38.A:lonely B:curious C:well-dressed D:bad-tempered C:well-dressed D:bad-tempered 40.A:metal table B:empty bottle 40.A:metal table B:empty bottle C:chairs D:bags C:chairs D:bags 42.A:outside B:forward C:down D:back 42.A:outside B:forward C:down D:back 【点拨点拨】2006年全国卷I的完形填空无处不在考查语境和逻辑关系。38题可以从语境和常识方面去答题，同时也可以从最后的提示“in ones best summer clothes”得出，应选well-dressed。40题从后面的“to place the table in the sea water”可以看出，是把桌子搬到水里面去了，所以选metal table。42题考查方向副词同时也是一道逻辑关系题，由于先把桌子搬过去的，所以现在是“回来”搬椅子了，所以选back。考例3:(2006山东)One summer day my father sent me to buy wire for our farm.At 16,I liked 36 (nothing)better than driving our truck,37 this time I was not happy.37.A:and B:so C:but D:for【点拨点拨】做连接词的题时，尤其需要了解前后句的关 系。答37题时，从上半句可以知道，作者在16岁的 时候很喜欢开车，而后半句的句意是“这次并不高 兴”，所以前后句之间构成转折关系，故选C。三三.根据单词或短语的词义辨析、固定搭配根据单词或短语的词义辨析、固定搭配 或用法。或用法。考例考例1:(2006辽宁)It was It was 45 45 than that,for I felt I had become a than that,for I felt I had become a part of theirpart of their4646(life).45.A:less B:least (life).45.A:less B:least C:more D:mostC:more D:most【点拨点拨】完形填空中有很多题考查词语的习惯用 法，固定搭配等。本题考查more than的 意义，表示“不仅仅”。45题选C.考例考例2:(2006山东)Everyone knew what to Everyone knew what to 54 54 from a Williams:from a Williams:a decent(a decent(正派的正派的)person who kept his word)person who kept his word and respected himself and respected himself 55 55 much to do wrong.much to do wrong.54A:receive B:expect 54.A:receive B:expect C:collect D:require C:collect D:require 55.A:very B:so 55.A:very B:so C:how D:too C:how D:too【点拨点拨】一般来说，要在整体理解文章的基础上结合所给词语的意义及用法选出符合文意及特定语言环境 的选项.54题是词义辨析题，同时要结合语境。Receive sth from sb/sth 意为“从某人，某物处收到某物”;expect sth from sb意为“从某人身上希望，指望”，结合语境“从威廉家族成员的身上可以期待的 是”“a decent person”可知，54题应选B。后半句 的意思是“一个信守诺言懂得自尊且不做错事的绅士”，55题表达的是否定的意思，应该用一个否定结构：too to 指“太而不会”，所以55题 选D。考例考例3:(2006辽宁)She was She was 37 37 jeans and a sweater,sitting jeans and a sweater,sitting at the tableat the tableI had just I had just 38 38 ,a pile of,a pile of papers spread around her.papers spread around her.37.A:hanging 37.A:hanging B:making B:making C:wearing C:wearing D:changingD:changing 38.A:cleaned 38.A:cleaned B:washed B:washed C:swept C:swept D:brushedD:brushed【点拨点拨】37 题考查词义辨析，结合语境“她坐在桌边”可知，这里指她“穿者”牛仔裤和毛衣，所以选C。文中作者是一位佣人，所以这个桌子应该是作者刚刚“擦干净”的。clean意为“除去灰尘；擦干净”；wash 意为“冲洗”；sweep有打扫，清扫”的意思，但是一般是指用刷子，可以清扫地板，街道，楼梯等；brush 指（用刷子）刷净，刷平顺“，可以指刷头发，刷鞋子等。所以38题选A。四.根据生活常识或相关背景知识考例考例1:(2006江苏)A(n)A(n)41 41 boy would have avoided looking at the title boy would have avoided looking at the title as soon as he saw the as soon as he saw the 42 42 (paper).I did not.The (paper).I did not.The subject of the English Writing Prize was kept a subject of the English Writing Prize was kept a 43 43 until the start of the exam so I could not until the start of the exam so I could not 44 44 （helphelp）reading it reading it。41.A.honest B.handsome41.A.honest B.handsome C.friendly D.active C.friendly D.active 43.A.question B.key 43.A.question B.key C.note D.secret C.note D.secret【点拨】本句后面的意思是本句后面的意思是“（考前）看到竞赛题时应（考前）看到竞赛题时应回避看题目回避看题目“，根据常识可知，这是一个诚实的男，根据常识可知，这是一个诚实的男孩应该做的事情，所以孩应该做的事情，所以4141题题选选A A。在竞赛前，竞赛题。在竞赛前，竞赛题目应该是目应该是”保密的保密的“，所以，所以4343题题选选D D。（提示）（提示）考纲要求中学生应具备一般的常识。完形填空考查的知识面比较广，政治，历史，地理，人文风俗习惯，为人处世等无所不包，所以有些题目需要根据自己对情景的理解进行剖析。考例考例2:(2006 四川)One day,Raul was miles away from the One day,Raul was miles away from the small ranch(small ranch(牧场)house in a large valley.)house in a large valley.36(Everything)seemed to be all right,yet(Everything)seemed to be all right,yet he felt strange and somewhat uneasy.The he felt strange and somewhat uneasy.The wind had picked up,and angry,dark wind had picked up,and angry,dark clouds clouds 37 37 across the sky.37.A.dropped across the sky.37.A.dropped B.fell B.fell C.rolled C.rolled D.covered D.covered（点拨）（点拨）常用“乌云滚滚，雷声隆隆“来描绘恶劣的天气，这种常识是每个人都知道的狂风暴雨要来临了，乌云被风吹得”滚“过天空。roll有“（云，浪，雾等）滚动，漂移”之意，如：Mist rolled in from the sea.(雾从海上滚滚而来），因此答案为C。五五.根据语法结构根据语法结构考例考例1:(2006江苏)That was thirty-eight years That was thirty-eight years 52 52 (ago)when I (ago)when I was fifteen.I have never told anyone about it was fifteen.I have never told anyone about it before,before,53 53 have I tried to explain to myself have I tried to explain to myself why not.why not.53.A:either B:never C:nor D 53.A:either B:never C:nor D：soso【点拨】本题考查倒装结构“否定副词neither/nor助动词(be动词，情态动词)主语”，由此可以排除A；由于前面句子已经有一个never的否定结构了，所以本句表示“也不，也没有”，不用D，所以选C。（提示）（提示）这类题要求学生掌握基本的语法结构和句式特点，如：时态的正确运用，定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句的结构，倒装及强调句的特点等。考例考例2:(2006全国II)The year I went to college was a very difficult The year I went to college was a very difficult transition(transition(过期过期)for me.)for me.21 21 is probably true is probably true with many people.I go quite homesick and with many people.I go quite homesick and 22 22 (often)thought about going home.(often)thought about going home.21.A:If B:So C:As D:What 21.A:If B:So C:As D:What（点拨）（点拨）21题考查as的用法,as指代下文的整个句子内容，在句中作主语。六六.利用同义词、近义词、反义词的提示作用。利用同义词、近义词、反义词的提示作用。考例考例1:(2006浙江)One man was to meet his wife downtown and One man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her.He spend some time shopping with her.He waitedwaited 21 21 for 15 minutes.Then he waited for 15 minutes.Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more.After that impatiently for 15 minutes more.After that he became he became 22 22 .21.A:proudly B respectfully 21.A:proudly B respectfully C:patiently D:curiously C:patiently D:curiously 22.A:angry B:hungry 22.A:angry B:hungry C:frightened D:thirsty C:frightened D:thirsty（点拨）（点拨）做21题时，需要看后面一个句子。根据第三个句子的“impatiently”可知，他此时非常不耐烦，但还是又等了15分钟，所以前面句子中等待的15分钟与此的区别应该是“耐心地”，所以21题选patiently。解答22题的关键同样是impatiently，由于已经非常不耐烦了，但还是没有等来，之后应该是一个与impatiently程度相当或者更甚的行为，“angry”的意义与词相近，所以22题选A。（提示）（提示）做这类完形填空题时，常常能在短文的上下文中找出与所填单词意义相同或相近或相反的词或短语，从而得到提示，选出正确答案。考例考例2:(2005山东)My wife and I have two children,and My wife and I have two children,and Id like to think we are bringing them Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad up in the same way Dad 55 55 me.me.55.A:controlled B:comforted 55.A:controlled B:comforted C:reminded D:raised C:reminded D:raised（点拨）（点拨）从“in the same way”可以看出，前后发生的动作应该相同，所以后面空中的词应该与前面的“bring up”意思一样，所以选raiseraise，意为“抚养；养育”。七七.其他注意事项其他注意事项 1.切忌一成不变地按题号顺序答题部分题目的答案来源与对后文理解有关。2.做完题目后，要代入答案,复读 全文，核对文意，纠正错误。