2023年小升初形容词副词.doc

形容词和副词
一． 形容词
1. 修饰名词，描述其性质、品质、特性等词。一般“…”词都是形容词。
如：She is a beautiful girl. (漂亮)
2. 在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
如：I have an interesting book. (interesting有趣，修饰book，在句中作定语)
We are happy today. (happy快乐，在句中作表语)
Students should keep their classroom clean and tidy.(clean洁净，tidy整洁，在句中都作宾语补足语)
3. 多种形容词同步修饰一种名词时排列次序
限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词（简记：县官行令色国才）
如：a tall 17-year-old black American boy. 一种17岁高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。
the big round red wooden table. 又大又圆红色木质饭桌。
二． 副词：
1. 一般修饰动词，体现动作程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子，在句中作状语。一般“…地”词都是副词。
如：You must listen to the teacher carefully.(仔细地，认真地)
2. 副词分类
1) 时间副词：now，today等
2）频度副词：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never
2) 地点副词：here，there，upstairs，downstairs等
3) 方式副词：carefully，fast，well，politely等
4) 程度副词：much，little，quite等
5) 疑问副词：how，when，where，why等
三． 形容词转化成副词
1. 一般在形容词后加ly，如：quick-quickly
2. 以辅音字母+y结尾形容词，变y为i，加ly，如：happy-happily
3. 以ue 结尾形容词，去e加ly，如：true-truly
注：有些词兼有形容词和副词词性，如：fast，hard，high，late，far等，它们词性只有通过详细语境来判断。此外，有些以ly结尾词不是副词，而是形容词，如：friendly，lovely lonely，lively等。
四． 形容词和副词比较级、最高档构成
1. 比较级：两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词变化形式，如 tall-taller，well-better
2. 最高档：三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词变化形式，如 long-longest
3. 比较级和最高档变化规则：
规则变化（单音节和少数双音节）：
a. 在词尾直接加-er/est，如：short-shorter-shortest
b. 词尾是e，只加-r/st，如：nice-nicer-nicest
c. 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i 再加-er/est，如：happy-happier-happiest
d. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一种辅音字母，双写该辅音字母，再加-er/est,
如：big-bigger-biggest
e. 其她双音节词和多音节词，其前加more/most，如：more/most delicious
不规则变化：如下表（简记为：好、坏、多、少、远）

词义
原级
比较级
最高档
好
good/well
better
best
坏
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
多
many/much
more
most
少
little
less
least
远
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
五．形容词、副词比较级和最高档使用方法：
1. 原级使用方法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“……和……相似”相称于the same as…
必然句：A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+as B
Tom is as honest as Jack. Jack runs as fast as Peter.
否认句：A+动词.+not as/so.+形容词/副词原级+as B
This tree is not as/so tall as that one.
2. 比较级使用方法:
1）A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+ B
Susan is happier than Jane. Lily run faster than Mary
注：形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much，even，still，a little，far，a lot，a bit来修饰。
2）数字（倍数）+形容词/副词比较级+than
I’m two years older than you.
Our classroom is twice bigger than yours.
3）比较级+and+比较级，体现“越来越……”
The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
4）the +比较级，the +比较级，体现“越……，就越……”
The more，the better. 越多越好。（多多益善）
3. 最高档使用方法：
用于三者及以上人或事物比较,最高档前加the，最高档前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，背面跟带in或of表范围短语。
1）one of the +最高档
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
2）比较级句型体现最高档意义
A+动词+比较级+than+any other+B(单数)
如：The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
A+动词+比较级+than+the other+B(复数)
如：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.
以上两句意思相称于：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
随堂演习（满分100分）
一、写出下列形容词或副词比较级、最高档(23*1分=23分)
  old________    young_______    tall______    long________   
  short________   strong________    big________    small_______
  fat________    thin__________   heavy______ light________
  nice________ good_________   beautiful_________ ________
  low_________   high_________  slow_______    fast________
  late_________   early_________    far_________  well_______
二、根据句意填入单词对旳形式：（23*1分=23分）
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you?Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers?Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen?Yes，she _____.
9.Fangfang is not as ________ (tall) as the other girls.
10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?
13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).15.The child doesn’t_____(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
三、小小翻译家：（62*0.5分=31分）
1、谁比Jim年龄大？是你。 ________ is _________than Jim？  ________ are.
2、谁比David更强健？是Gao Shan. ________  _________ than David?  Gao Shan  ________.
3、谁铅笔更长，她还是她？我想是她。
_________ pencil is _______or________？________is,I think.
4、谁苹果更重，你姐姐还是你弟弟？  我弟弟。
_________ apples  ________  ________,your _______ or your _______? My ____________  ___________.
5、你和你叔叔同样高吗？是。 _________ ________as _________as your uncle?Yes,I am.
6、她和她朋友Jim同样年轻。 He _______ as  __________ as ________  _____ Jim.
7、她和她双胞胎哥哥同样胖吗？不，她比她瘦。
________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? No，_________ _________ than him.
8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling ________ to _______   ________ than Su Yang every day.
9.我跳得和Mike同样远。 I _________ as _______ as Mike.
10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是,她和我跑得同样快。
____ Tom _____   _____ than you?No,he _______. He_____ as_____ as_____.
11.多做运动，你会更强健。 ________ more exercise,you’ll ________    _________ soon.
12.我科学很好，不过语文不好。 I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.
13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比她放得低。
____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___.
14.我喜欢游泳。我所有朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_______.All my______   _______  _______than me.
15.我姐姐起得比我早。 My_____  _____ up _____than me.
16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是。 ____the girls______   ______   ______the boys?Yes,they ____.
17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。 She doesn’t ____   _____  in PE. But I don’t   ______   _____than_____.
18.你足球踢得比你同班同学好吗？不，她们踢得和我同样好。
___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me.
五、选词填空（18*1分=18分）
1. My sister is getting _____.
A. fater and fater B. fatter and fatter C. more fatter and fatter D. more and more fatter
2. They are ______to us than before.
A. friend B. friendly C. more friendly D. friendier
3. Jack is the ______ boy ________our class.
A. tallest. in B. taller. in C. most tall. of D. more tall. of
4. It is not _______ warm _________ yesterday. Put on more clothes.
A. so . on B. so. in C. as .at D. as. as
5. Hangzhou is one of ____cities I have visited.
A. beautiful B. beauitifulier C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful
6. Both Andy and I drive slowly. Tom drives fast. So Tom drives ________of all.
A. slower B. the slowest C. faster D. the fastest
7．My sister is a ____________ girl.  
A．good       B．well      C．very
8．一 Is it your toy taxi?一 No. ___________ it’s his． 
A．May be     B．May       C．Maybe
9．______ are you?— I’m ______，thank you．
 A．What；good  B．How；fine  C．What；fine  D．How；good
10．一Can you help me?— ___________. 
A．Yes       B．Excuse me      C．Certainly    D．How
11．The grass around my house is Very________． 
A. black          B．blue           C．green
12．The sky is ________. The c1oud is _________．
A．blue；red    B．red；brown     C．blue；white
13．The child is __________ kind．  
A．much           B．very much      C．very
14．一Could I use your pen，please?  — __________.
  A．No             B．Certainly      C．Excuse me
15．I _________ go to School at 8：00 a．m．
  A．very           B．much           C．often
16．I have an _________ doll.  
A．old beautiful  B．beautiful o1d  C．small old
17．Mr Wang is a _________ teacher.  
A. tall old English   B. English old tall    C. old tall English
18．Oranges are __________． 
A．purple         B．blue           C．orange

课后练习
一、按规定写出下列单词比较级和最高档
1.good________ ________2.thin__________ _________3.heavy_______ ________
4.happy____ ________5.long__________ _________6.little_________ ________
7.far__________ _______8.careful________ _________9.slow________ ________
10.well________ _______11.low__________ ________12. beautiful________ _________
13.large______ _______14.famous________ ________15. delicious _________ _
16.interesting ________ __________ 17.important ________ ____________
18.cheap______ ______ 19.easy ______ ________ 20.high______ ________
二、根据句意，用所给形容词或副词对旳形式填空
1.Jim works________(hard)，but his brother works________(hard) than him.
2.It’s much________(hot) today than yesterday.
3 Mr Smith is the__________(rich) man in this office.
4. This match is ________(exciting) of the three.
5.My mother is the _______(busy) in my family.
6. Beijing is one of the_________(beautiful) city in China.
7. This book is ________(interesting) than that book.
8. Which goes________(quick)，the bus or the car?
9. Look！His hands are____________( big ) than mine.
10. I think you do these things_________( well ) than your classmates.
11. Whose bag is___________( heavy )，yours or mine?
12. Does Jim run as__________( slow ) as David?Yes，but Mike runs _________ ( slow ) than them.
13. I’m very____________( thin )，but she’s___________( thin ) than me.
14. My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).
25. My brother is two years __________(old) than me.
三、单项选用题
1. Which subject do you like_______，maths or English?
A.good B.better C.well D.best
2.This red rose is __of all flowers.
A.beautifuler B.much more beautiful C.the most beautiful D.beautiful
3.My book is newer than________.
A.he B.his C.our D.we
4.He is________student in his class.
A.good B.better C.the best D.best
5.Look！The bee________than the bird.
A.fly higher B.is flying higher C.as high as D.flies higher
6.His hens are ________and fat.
A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest
7.She knows________about history than most people.
A.more B.much C.most D.many
8.It was really an________story.
A.afraid B.excited C.exciting D.worried
9.Which city is __________from here，Beijing or Shanghai?
A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the farthest
10.This building is __________that tree.
A.so tall as B.as tall as C.so tall as D.as taller as
五、选用对旳词填空。
Sarah is 12 years ________ (old,older).She is one year ________ (older,oldest) than me.But I am 0.1 meter ________ (taller，tallest) than her.She studies in Guangzhou interational Shool.She studies the________ (harder,hardest) in her class.Everyone likes her.Yesterday ,she was ill.She took some medicine and she feels ________ (good,better) now.