考研英语一翻译真题解析省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

考研英考研英语语翻翻译译能力培养能力培养 以考研英以考研英语语一翻一翻译译真真题为题为例例 Lecturer：Kaya8th,Dec.第1页Within the span of a hundred years,in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries,a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America.(46)This movement,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,built a nation out of a wilderness and,by its nature,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.Of necessity,colonial America was a projection of Europe.Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.(48)But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which,although it resembled European society in many ways,had a character that was distinctly American.Part CPart CPart CPart CRead the following text carefully and then translate the Read the following text carefully and then translate the Read the following text carefully and then translate the Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.Your translation should be underlined sentences into Chinese.Your translation should be underlined sentences into Chinese.Your translation should be underlined sentences into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)第2页(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.In the meantime,thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico,the West Indies,and South America.These travelers to North America came in small,unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage,they survived on barely enough food allotted to them.Many of the ships were lost in storms,many passengers died of disease,and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course,and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief,”said one recorder of events,“the air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash,dyes and naval stores.第3页Whats this passage is about and whats the style of this passage?E-C translation:English makes sentences by way of netting and Chinese piling.英语织网 VS 汉语砌墙。英译汉，要先把英语中编织网逐层解开，然后进行句子重组。Before Start of Translation:Before Start of Translation:第4页1.句子分析：关系代词and，并列句 主干（1）This movement built a nation out of a wilderness and（2）shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.分词结构：driven by powerful and diverse motivations （修饰movement）介词结构表方式：by its nature 受强有力、多样化动机驱使，此次运动从蛮荒中建起了一个国家。并按照其本性塑造了这块未知大陆性格及命运。2.词语分析：wilderness wilderness：wild“野外”，-ness名词，荒野状态 unchartered unchartered (牛津英汉高阶双解词典)1）not marked on a map or chart 图上未标明:an uncharted island 地图上没有标明岛.2）not explored or mapped 未经勘测;未绘制成图:an uncharted area,zone,etc 未经勘探地域 地带等 Our research is sailing into uncharted waters/seas 我们研究工作正深入到从未包括过领域.字典上查来意思还不能直接使用，要化盐于水(46)(46)(46)(46)This This This This movementmovementmovementmovement,driven driven driven driven by by by by powerful powerful powerful powerful and and and and diverse diverse diverse diverse motivations,motivations,motivations,motivations,built built built built a a a a nation nation nation nation out out out out of of of of a a a a wilderness wilderness wilderness wilderness and,and,and,and,by by by by its its its its nature,nature,nature,nature,shapedshapedshapedshaped the the the the character and destinycharacter and destinycharacter and destinycharacter and destiny of an uncharted continent.of an uncharted continent.of an uncharted continent.of an uncharted continent.第5页句子结构分析：破折号（同位语）等解释性句式结构。翻译时可套用结构，“主句,即”分解破折号后句子，two principal forces分别指：a.the immigration of European peoples（with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics）b.the impact of a new country which modified these traits词语分析：varied ideas：“不一样想法”，按照语境，贴合文意，译为“思想各异”customs and national characteristics：“风俗与民族特征”，平时要掌握一些惯用表示modify：If you modify somethingyou change it slightly,usually in order to improve it.修改，改良，改进The club members did agree to modify their recruitment policy.俱乐部组员确已同意修改他们入会政策。直译：美国是两种主要力量产物：即思想、风俗习惯、民族性格各异欧洲移民，以及新建立国家对欧洲移民这类特质进行改造后所带来影响。意译：有两股主要力量形成了美国：一是欧洲移民带来各式思想、风俗和民族特征，二是这个新国家本身在融合上述特征之后带来影响。(47)(47)(47)(47)The The The The United United United United States States States States is is is is the the the the product product product product of of of of two two two two principalprincipalprincipalprincipal forces forces forces forces (the(the(the(the immigration immigration immigration immigration of of of of European European European European peoples peoples peoples peoples with with with with their their their their varied varied varied varied ideasideasideasideas,customs customs customs customs and and and and national national national national characteristics characteristics characteristics characteristics)and)and)and)and(the(the(the(the impact impact impact impact of of of of a a a a new new new new country which modified country which modified country which modified country which modified these traits)these traits)these traits)these traits).第6页句子分析：主干：But the force of A，B，and C caused significant changes.A、B、C分别是三个名词性短语 词语分析：interplay varied national groups：不一样国家移民群体，即民族 译1：不过美国独特地理条件，各个民族之间相互影响，以及在原始新大陆上推行旧世界老一套方法难度，带来了巨大改变。去形式化译2：但因为美国特有地理条件,不一样民族相互作用,以及维护原始传统方式纯粹困难,新大陆引发了（发生了）重大改变。此译文增添了主语，新大陆英汉思维差异，英语重客观陈说，此句重心在于带来改变三种力量。基本句型：A cause/bring B （A造成/带来B）eg：Over thirty years of reform and opening up has brought great development of Chinas economy.改革开放三十多年间，中国经济取得巨大发展。The economic crisis brought sustained plunge of the economic growth rate.因为发生经济危机,经济增速连续下滑.(48)(48)(48)(48)But But But But the the the the force force force force(of(of(of(of geographic geographic geographic geographic conditions conditions conditions conditions peculiar peculiar peculiar peculiar totototo America,America,America,America,the the the the interplay interplay interplay interplay of of of of the the the the varied varied varied varied national national national national groups groups groups groups upon upon upon upon one one one one another,another,another,another,and and and and the the the the sheer sheer sheer sheer difficulty difficulty difficulty difficulty of of of of maintaining maintaining maintaining maintaining old-world old-world old-world old-world ways ways ways ways in in in in a a a a raw,raw,raw,raw,new continentnew continentnew continentnew continent）caused significant changes.caused significant changes.caused significant changes.caused significant changes.第7页句子分析：主干：The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory crossed the Atlantic.词语了解：bound for：开往，驶往，前往 bound East for Cardiff 驶向东方卡笛夫其余支结构为地点和时间英汉思维：汉语：时间，地点，事件英语：事件，地点，时间eg：5月12日，14：28：04，四川汶川地域发生了8级地震An earthquake measuring at 8M hit Wenchuan area of Sichuan Provence in Southwest China at 14：28：04.译1：在15-16世纪发觉美洲大陆一百多年之后，第一批载满移民航船横跨大西洋驶向这片土地/领土，即今天美国。译2：十五世纪和十六世纪探索发觉了北美洲，又过了一百多年，第一艘满载移民航船跨过大西洋驶向这片土地，即现在美国。(49)(49)(49)(49)The The The The first first first first shiploads shiploads shiploads shiploads of of of of immigrants immigrants immigrants immigrants bound bound bound bound for for for for the the the the territory territory territory territory（which which which which is is is is now now now now the the the the United United United United StatesStatesStatesStates）crossed crossed crossed crossed the the the the Atlantic Atlantic Atlantic Atlantic（more more more more than than than than a a a a hundred hundred hundred hundred years years years years after after after after the the the the 15th-and-16th-century 15th-and-16th-century 15th-and-16th-century 15th-and-16th-century explorations explorations explorations explorations of of of of North North North North America.America.America.America.）第8页句子结构：The virgin forest was a real treasure-house.词语翻译：richness and variety of treesMaine all the way down to Georgia译1：树木丰饶、树种多样原始森林从缅因州一直延伸至佐治亚州，着实是一座宝库。译2：原始森林，有着种类繁多林木，从缅因州往南一直绵延到乔治亚州，确实是一座宝库。译3：拥有丰富多样树种原始森林是一个真正宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。(50)The(50)The(50)The(50)The virgin virgin virgin virgin forest forest forest forest（with with with with its its its its richness richness richness richness and and and and variety variety variety variety of of of of treestreestreestrees）was was was was a a a a real real real real treasure-housetreasure-housetreasure-housetreasure-house（which which which which extended extended extended extended from from from from Maine Maine Maine Maine all all all all the the the the way way way way down down down down to to to to GeorgiaGeorgiaGeorgiaGeorgia）.第9页第10页1.翻译指导思想英语多长句，结构严谨，但一套主谓，另嵌套非谓语动词、伴随状语、及关系从句。英语思维逻辑非常清楚,孰前孰后,关系非常清楚。同时,英语句子有信息轻重。汉字多短句，结构不严谨，主要靠意合。所以英文翻译到汉字，需要去形式化所以，翻译时，要分析英语句式结构，将句子拆解成符合汉字表示习惯句群。English netting VS Chinese piling2.词组及词语翻译1）词汇积累2）结合上下文语境，同时结合英文文化概况常识。比如Maine，Geogia，分别是美国东海岸最北和最南端两个州名。仅仅音译为缅因，佐治亚是不够准确。ConclusionConclusion第11页3.翻译技巧适当地应用翻译技巧：如结构调整，句子重组，增译，词性转换等。关于这一点，在以后课程中会为同学们详细讲解。4.检验翻译标准信达雅信：“翻译是带着镣铐舞蹈”正确了解原文，忠实于原文意思在翻译中是 第一位。达与雅：以符合汉字表示习惯方式表述，意思对了，语句不通顺或表述方式汉语难以接收也会造成失分。ConclusionConclusion第12页Thank you！第13页