九大句子成分五大句子结构省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

攻克英语语法攻克英语语法踏上英语成功之路踏上英语成功之路 作为中国人，要学习与我们母语完全不一作为中国人，要学习与我们母语完全不一样英语，就必须从英语语法入手。假如将英语样英语，就必须从英语语法入手。假如将英语比作一座大厦，那么语法就是组成整个大厦水比作一座大厦，那么语法就是组成整个大厦水泥框架，词汇和短语则是组成墙壁砖瓦，没有泥框架，词汇和短语则是组成墙壁砖瓦，没有坚实骨架，大厦是无法建成。为了我们英语大坚实骨架，大厦是无法建成。为了我们英语大厦愈加宏伟，让我们从现在起精心构建它骨架。厦愈加宏伟，让我们从现在起精心构建它骨架。什么是语法？什么是语法？语法是造句方法。语法是造句方法。学习语法就是为了我们能够造出无数优美、学习语法就是为了我们能够造出无数优美、正确英语句子。正确英语句子。第1页学习英语语法步骤：学习英语语法步骤：1.九大句子成份；九大句子成份；2.五大基本句型；五大基本句型；3.十六种时态及十种被动语态十六种时态及十种被动语态;4.名词性从句（包含主语从句、宾语从句、名词性从句（包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）表语从句、同位语从句）;5.定语从句定语从句;6.状语从句；状语从句；7.直接引语和间接引语；直接引语和间接引语；8.情态动词；情态动词；9.虚拟语气；虚拟语气；10.非谓语动词；非谓语动词；11.强调句；强调句；12.主谓一致；主谓一致；13.冠词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词使用方法。冠词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词使用方法。第2页 一、英语九大句子成份一、英语九大句子成份 九大句子成份：九大句子成份：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定 语、状语、补语（宾语补足语）、同位语、呼语。（主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补、同、呼）1.主语：主语：谓语动词动作发出者。（由名词、名词短语、代词、不定式、V-ing形式和主语从句充当）Knowledge is power.A beautiful girl told me the news.He helped me a lot.To master English is my goal in.Practicing playing the piano takes me an hour a day.What he did yesterday made his parents angry.第3页2.谓语：谓语：主语所发出动作。（由动词组成，包含16种时态和10 种被动语态）3.宾语：宾语：谓语动词动作承受者。（由名词、名词短语、代词、不定式、V-ing形式和宾语从句充当）I like English.She keeps a cute monkey as her pet.She loves him.He refused to help.I enjoy learning English.I want to know when you will leave for New York.第4页4.表语：表语：跟在系动词之后对主语进行修饰说明。（由名词、名词短语、代词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和表语从句充当）Knoweledge is power.She is a hard-working student.The person that she wants to marry is him.My aim is to go to a famous university.My job is teaching English to young children.We are excited.What I want to know is how he can learn English so well.第5页5.定语：定语：用来修饰或限定一个名词词、短语 或从句。（由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和定语从句充当）A man doctor will take care of you.This girl is my best friend.I have a lot of homework to do today.The boy standing there is my brother.The dog killed in the accident belonged to my grandpa.The pen which I lost yesterday was given to me as a birthday gift by my mum.第6页6.状语：状语：说明谓语动词动作所处状态（包含时间、地点、原因、比较、目标、结果、条件、方式和让步状语）。（由副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和状语从句充当）I met him there.He studies in a key middle school.To learn Englsih well,she takes every chance to practice her oral English.Seeing from the top of the building,you can see the whole town.Seen from th top of the buillding,the town looks beautiful.I was having dinner when he came to see me last evening.第7页7.补语补语(宾语补足语宾语补足语)：跟在宾语之后对宾语进行补充说明句子成份。（由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词）We will make him monitor.The good news made us happy.Please let me in.My mother gets me to read English every morning.He kept me waiting for two hours.The news that our team had won the match made us excited.第8页8.同位语：同位语：表示同一主体两个不一样词、短语或从句。（由名词、名词短语、同位语从句充当）We students should study hard.Jack,a friend of mine,has been sent abroad to study by our school.The fact that English is becoming more and more important is known to everyone.The question who will teach us English next term will be answered tomorrow.9.呼语：呼语：称呼用语。如：Sir、Madam、Your Majesty、Your Highness第9页二、五大基本句型二、五大基本句型英语基本句型能够分为五种，下面我们意义进英语基本句型能够分为五种，下面我们意义进行学习。行学习。1.主语主语+谓语谓语+(+(状语状语).).S +V+（A）.She smiles.He is laughing aloud.2.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+(+(状语状语).).S +V+O+（A）.I read English every day.She plays the piano well.第10页3.主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语+(+(状语状语).).S +V+IO+DO+（A）.She bought me a tie last week.She has been teaching us English for three years.4.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语+（状语）（状语）.S +LV +P +(A).I am a student.She is very beautiful.5.There be+主语主语+状语状语.There be+S+A.There is a book on the desk.There was a tree in the yard two years ago.第11页积木式造句法积木式造句法经过在基本句型中加入经过在基本句型中加入定语定语、各种各种状语等方式状语等方式来造复杂英文句子方法。来造复杂英文句子方法。1.主谓宾结构句子扩充：主谓宾结构句子扩充：（时状）（时状）+（定语）（定语）+主语主语+（定语）（定语）+谓语谓语+（定语）（定语）+宾语宾语+（定语）（定语）+（地状）（地状）+（时状）（时状）.A boy met a girl.A handsome boy met a beautiful girl.A handsome boy who was wearing a black T-shirt met a beautiful girl that was dressed in a miniskirt.A handsome boy who was wearing a black T-shirt met a beautiful girl that was dressed in a miniskirt in the park yesterday.第12页2.主系表结构句子扩充：主系表结构句子扩充：（定语）（定语）+主语主语+（定语（定语）+系动词系动词+（定语）（定语）+表语表语+（定语）（定语）+（地状）地状）+（时状）（时状）.The man is my teacher.The handsome man is my English teacher.The handsome man who is standing there talking with my mother is my English teacher that has been teaching me at his home for three years.第13页3.There be结构句子扩充：结构句子扩充：There be+(定语定语)+主语主语+（定语）（定语）+（地状）（地状）+（时状）（时状）.There is a book on the desk.There is an English book on the desk.There is an English book on Chinese history,which was written by a famous British historian,on the desk that stands near the window.积木式造句法积木式造句法是英语学习中最简练明了造句方法，同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。第14页Thanks!Live with passion!Enjoy your study.第15页