2023年6月四级三套全.docx

四级翻译为段落汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。长度为140—160个汉字。考察考生理解和表达两个层面，规定考生做到译文准确，基本表达原文意思。
本次翻译考察三大交通工具—飞机(共145字)，公交(共148字)和地铁(共147字)，是大家比较熟悉的话题，因此在词汇层面难度不大。虽然主题不同，但涉及到的词汇表达和考点一致。如三篇段落翻译中都涉及到“越来越”“连续”“不断”“提高”“改善”“出行”“服务”“交通工具”等和乘交通工具的表达（选用take或者by都可）。此外，涉及到的考点有：
（1）被动句的翻译，考察学生是否能理解“无被字”的中文句子中的被动结构并转换为英文译文中的被动句。如“车辆的设施不断更新（公交车篇）”“航空服务不断改善（飞机篇）；
（2）长定语的翻译，考察学生是否能理解较长的定语并转换为对的的定语表达。如“节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增长（飞机篇）”中“选择乘飞机外出的”长定语和“公交车曾是中国人出行的重要交通工具（公交篇）中“中国人出行”的长定语；
（3）动名词的翻译，考察学生是否能准确理解句子主干结构并转换为对的的译文。如“乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的”主干结构是“乘飞机是难以想象的”。
　　整体来说，本试题难度中档，相比去年，考察的词汇难度，表达难度和考点难度均有所下降。
飞机卷（沪江网校版）
过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人涉及许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，尚有许多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改善，并且经常会有特价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增长。
基础版：
In the past, for most Chinese people, it was hard to imagine to travel by plane. Nowadays, with the development of economy and improvement of living standards, more and more Chinese people can travel by air, including farmers and people workers outside their hometown. They can take planes to all big cities. Many other cities are also planning to build airports. Air service is continually improving, and there are often flight tickets with special prices. In recent years, the number of people who travel by air on holidays has been increasing.
进阶版：
In old days, for most Chinese people, it was beyond imagination that we could travel by air. Nowadays, with the advancement of economy and improvement of living standard, there are a growing number of Chinese people, including farmers and migrant workers, are able to afford air traveling. All the big cities are their destinations while new airports are to be constructed in many other cities. Air service is continually improving, and sometimes there will be special offers for air tickets. In recent years, the number of people who choose to travel by air during holidays is constantly increasing.

公交车卷（文都教育版）
【翻译原文】
公交车曾是中国人出行的重要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。然而，公交车的票价却仍然相称低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多本地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
本次翻译难度较低，解决方式在上课时均有讲解。
词汇方面，交通工具的表达比较恰当的表达是mode of transportation，翻译成“traffic tool”其实并不是很妥当。“设施”一词的相应翻译“facility”假如不容易想到，可以选择更容易些的equipment。
句子方面，首句“公交车曾是中国人出行的重要交通工具。”假如想不到“used to be”这样比较地道的表达，简化版表达“Bus was an important…”想到大胆地使用出来。
长句“许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。”可以选择嵌套进一些词组（in order to）与从句(when going out)来丰富句式，争取高分，同样地，希望稳扎稳打的同学选用“To encourage…many cites have….”也是个不错的主意。
总之，只要课上所讲到的技巧大家都纯熟掌握了，翻译部分得到12分左右应当是完全没有问题的。而要追求近乎满分的话，对考生的中英文功底都会有较高的需求。

【参考译文】
Buses used to be one of the main vehicles for Chinese people. Recently, due to the increasing number of private cars, the traffic problems in cities become more serious. In order to encourage the public to take buses instead of private cars, many cities manage to improve their buses’ quality of service. The facilities of buses have been upgraded, and the speed increased significantly, while the prices of buses remain rather low. Now, many local senior citizens can take buses for free in most cities.
【翻译技巧点拨】
中文与英文是属于两大不同语系的语言，在表达方面存在着较大的差异，好多同学存在着看懂中文却无法使用地道的英文句式及词汇将中文翻译出来的问题，这里，文都教育的英语老师为大家介绍2种翻译的基本技巧，希望可以帮助大家提高翻译水平。
第一种是增词或减词法，即可以在不改变原文所要表达的意思的基础下，对原文中的词汇进行删减和增长。例如本次真题中“许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直努力改善公交车的服务质量。”，我们在解决时可以增长“instead of private cars”，保证句与句之间衔接的紧密性。
第二种是语态和语序的变换。在语态方面重要是主被动语态的转换。由于汉语中出现频率较高的是积极语态，而英语中被动语态的出现频率更高，同学们要根据具体情况来随时变换语态。除此之外，英语和汉语在表达语序上不可避免的存在很大的差异，因此需要大家在翻译的过程中注意随时调整翻译的语序。
例如：车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。在翻译此句时，英语需要使用被动语态，译为：The facilities of buses have been upgraded, and the speed increased significantly.

公交车（沪江网校版）
公交车曾是中国人出行的重要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。然而，公交车的票价却仍然相称低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多本地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。
基础版：
Bus was an important mode of transportation for Chinese people. In recent years, because the number of private cars has been increasing, the problem of traffic in cities has been more and more serious. To encourage more people to go out by bus, many cities have been trying hard to improve the quality of bus service. The equipment of buses is continually updating, and the speed of buses has been significantly improved too. However, the price of bus tickets is still very low. Nowadays, in many big cities, many local old people can take buses for free.
进阶版：
Bus used to be a main mode of transportation for Chinese people. In recent years, with the mounting number of private cars, the transportation issue in cities is becoming increasingly severe. Many cites have been making their efforts to improve the bus service in order to encourage more people to take buses when going out. The facilities of buses are updating continually. The speed is significantly improved as well. Nevertheless, bus fares are still quite low. Nowadays, local senior citizens in most cities are eligible for free bus rides.

2023年6月英语四级翻译答案(新东方版)
公交车
　　公交车曾是中国人出行的重要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。然而，公交车的票价却仍然相称低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多本地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。（148）
　　Buses used to be the main means of transportation for Chinese people。 In recent years， due to the continuous increase in the number of private cars， the traffic problems in cities have become more serious。 Many cities have been trying to improve the service quality of buses in order to encourage more people to travel by bus。 The facilities of the vehicles are constantly updated and the speed significantly improved， but the bus fare still remains quite low。 Now， in most cities， many local elderly citizens can take buses for free。 （91）
　　飞机
　　过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人涉及许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘坐飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，尚有许多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改善，并且经常会有特价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增长。（145）
　　In the past，traveling by plane was unimaginable for most Chinese people。 With the economic development and the improved living standards， more Chinese people， including many farmers and migrant workers， afford to travel by air。 They can fly to all major cities， and many cities are also planning to build airports。 Aviation services are constantly improving and special fares are often available。 In recent years， there have been increasing numbers of people choosing to travel by air during holidays。 （79）
　　地铁
　　近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建造地铁。发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染。地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点，越来越多的人选择地铁作为天天上班或上学的重要交通工具。如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁。许多本地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁。（147）
　　In recent years，more cities in China have begun to build subways in a bid to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution. A growing number of people choose subway as the main means of transportation to work or school every day to enjoy its advantages of safety， speed and comfort. Nowadays， taking the subway is becoming increasingly convenient in China， for passengers in some cities simply use their cards or mobile phones to take the subway and many local elderly citizens can also take it for free。 （87）