1、一英语语法重点与难点1、 asas结构:你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。Youre a boy as good as Tom.=Youre as good a boy as Tom.2、 (1)tooto与 sothat sb. cant的句型转换:前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:The man was too angry to be able to speak.The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak.(2) tooto与 not enough to句型的转换:He is too young to get mar
2、ried.=He is not old enough to get married.The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book is not easy enough for me to read.3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义:约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike.John is less stupid than Mike.John is cleverer than Mike.4、 用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。John is taller than any other boy in
3、 the class.John is the tallest boy in the class.5、 the more. the more.表示“越越”:The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.The more food you eat, the fatter you are.6、 more and more.表示“越来越”:More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.Our country is getting stronger an
4、d stronger.二中考考点词组1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“(时间)以后”的意思after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?如:She went after three days.她是三天以后走的in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中如:She will go in three days.她三天以后要走2. how long, how often, how soonhow long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it?这是多
5、久前的事了?how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:How often does he come here?Once a month.他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次。how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come?你多快能赶来?3. few, a few, little, a little, several, somefew 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定
6、的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思;some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量;4. the other, anotherthe other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other.我们站在街这边,他们站在那边another着重
7、于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books.她已经拿了我的另外一本书5. spend, take, cost, payspend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading.她把整个晚上用来读书take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?cost 指花费时间?
8、金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month.我按月支付租金6. among, betweenbetween 的意思是“在中间,在之间”,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a table between two windows.在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。如:The relationship betw
9、een different provinces and municiplities省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)7. beat, win这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them.我们打败了他们。win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place.我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。8. agree with, agree on, agree toagree on表示“就取得一致意见”?如:We all agr
10、ee on (making) an early start.我们一致同意及早出发?agree with表示“与意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或what引导的从句?如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed.我同意拟议的条件。9. bring, take, carry
11、,fetch这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。bring作“带来,拿来”解如:Next time dont forget to bring me a copy of your work.下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解如:Take the box away, please.请把盒子拿走。carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.这辆巴士准载一百人。fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思
12、。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room.请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。10. each, every两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生。11. no one, noneno one指“没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)”,意思与nobody相同,作主语时不必跟of连用如:No on
13、e believes him since he is not honest.没有人相信他,因为他不诚实。No one else but I went.除我以外,谁也没去。none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在“主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties.我们谁也不怕困难。12. go on doing, go on to do, go on with这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如
14、下:go on doing表示“继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断)”;go on to do表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;go on with也表示“继续做某事”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去。13. too much, much too二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词。如:Its much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。too much作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法?(1)作名词词组如:You have given us too much.你给我们的太多了。(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词如:Dont dr
15、ink too much wine.不要饮太多的酒(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词 如:She talks too much. 她说话太多14. happen, take place与occurhappen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物,情况的发生。如:Whatever has happened to your arm? Its all swollen.你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害!occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”,有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中。如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?事件作主语时,happ
16、en和occur可以通用如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday.事故是昨天发生的。take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。15. in front of, in the front ofin front of的意思是“在前面”。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。in the front of的意思是“在前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There is a b
17、lackboard in the front of the classroom.教室里前部有一块黑板16. noise, voice, sound这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音。如:a weak sound 微弱的声noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音,它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:Another kind of pollution is noise.另外一种污染是噪音。voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如
18、:He shouted at the top of voice.他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义,作“意见、发言权”解。如:I have no voice in the matter.对于这件事,我没有发言权。17. arrive, get, reach三者均可表示“到达”,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)如:We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们晚了5分钟到车站又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎get之后通常接介词to。
19、如:When we got to the park, it began to rain.我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。三情态动词1.考查情态动词表示“推测”的用法考点快忆 表示肯定推测的情态动词有:must“一定;准是”;may“也许;可能”;might“或许”;表示否定推测的情态动词有:cant“不可能”,couldnt“不会”,may not“也许不”,might not“或许不”;can表示推测时不用于肯定句,may表示推测时不
20、用于疑问句。2.考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语考点快忆回答must时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用neednt或dont have to。回答need时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用neednt。回答may时,肯定答语用may,否定答语用mustnt 或cant。3.考查情态动词的意义考点快忆must “必须”;have to“不得不”;need “必须;需要”;can(could)“能;可能”;may (might) “可以;可能”;shall,will (would)“将;会;愿意;要”;should“应当”。“had better (not) + 动词原形”表示建议;have t
21、o / has to had to的否定,疑问形式要借助于助动词do does did。四 There be 的句子结构There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如:There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢
22、笔。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫。There arent any books on the desk.桌子上没书。(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语肯定回答:Yes, there is / are.否定回答:No, there i
23、snt / arent.-Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗-Yes, there is. 有。-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗-No, there arent. 没有。(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .Theres one. / There are two / three / some . . .有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .-How many students are there i
24、n the classroom?教室里有多少学生-Theres only one. / There are nine.只有一个。/有九个。(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水五 中考对定语从句的考查:1定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:This is the present that he gave me for
25、 my birthday2关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。(1)作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:I dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.(2) 作宾语:She is the person that I
26、met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.(3) 作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.(4 )作状语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
27、3. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法(1) who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.(2)whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.(3) whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:The girl whose
28、 mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.(4) which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.(5)that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries t
29、he important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?(6)when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.(7) where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father w
30、orks is in the east of the city.4. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years.5. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:(1) 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:a.先行词是all,
31、few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:All that he said is true.b. 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.c.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:He was the second (person) that told me the secret.d.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.e. 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:He talked about the people and the things he remembered.(2)只能用which,不用that 的情况:a.在非限制性定语从中。例如:The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.b. 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
©2010-2024 宁波自信网络信息技术有限公司 版权所有
客服电话:4008-655-100 投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100