形容词和副词比较级的变化规则.doc

形容词和副词比较级的变化规则
兴隆庄镇桲椤树小学 董广

直接加er
双写最后一个字母加er
在单词末尾加r
去y变i加er
不规则变化
old

older

big
bigger

late
later
heavy
heavier
good
better
　　1．一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；
　　（1）单音节词
　　如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
　　tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
　　（2）双音节词
　　如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
　　2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；
　　如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
　　3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；
　　如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
　　4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；
　　如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
　　busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
　　5．其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；
　　如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
　　different→more different→most different
　　easily→more easily→most easily
　　注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
　　例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
　　（2） 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。
　　It is a most important problem.
　　=It is a very important problem.
　　6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。
　　如：good→better→best well→better→best
　　bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
　　old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
　　many/much→more→most little→less→least
　　far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
　　1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。
　　如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
　　注意：
　　① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。
　　②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。
　　如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
　　③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。
　　2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
　　如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
　　春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。
　　It is getting cooler and cooler.
　　天气越来越凉爽。
　　The wind became more and more heavily.
　　风变得越来越大。
　　Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
　　我们的学校变得越来越美丽。
　　3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
　　如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?
　　4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”表示“越……越……”。
　　The more money you make, the more you spend.
　　钱你赚得越多，花得越多。
　　The sooner，the better.
　　越快越好。
　　5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：
　　①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
　　如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.
　　这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
　　②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
　　如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
　　亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
　　③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
　　如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.
　　我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
　　6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。
　　句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。
　　如：He is the tallest in our class.
　　他在我们班里是最高的。
　　7."否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
　　Nothing is so easy as this.
　　=Nothing is easier than this.
　　=This is the easiest thing.
　　8. 比较级与最高级的转换：
　　Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
　　Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
　　7.修饰比较级和最高级的词
　　1）可修饰比较级的词
　　①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
　　②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
　　③. 以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
　　注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
　　(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
　　(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
　　2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。
　　This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
　　注意：
　　a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
　　This is the very best.
　　This is much the best.
　　b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。
　　Africa is the second largest continent.
　　8.要避免重复使用比较级。
　　(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
　　(对) He is more clever than his brother.
　　(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
　　9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
　　(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
　　(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
　　10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
　　The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
　　It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
　　11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
　　比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
　　Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
　　She is taller than her two sisters.
　　She is the taller of the two sisters.

比较级的几种主要句法

1、问人的句法：（要用形容词比较级）
陈述句：SuHai is older than SuYang.
一般疑问句：Is Su Hai older than Su Yang?
特殊疑问句：Who is older than SuYang?
选择性的特殊疑问句：Who is older, Su Hai or Su Yang?
2、问物的句法：（要用形容词比较级）
陈述句：His ruler is longer than her ruler.
一般疑问句：Is his ruler longer than her ruler?
特殊疑问句：Whose ruler is longer than her ruler?
选择性的特殊疑问句: Whose ruler is longer, his or hers?
3、问动作的句法：（要用副词比较级）
陈述句：Mike jumps higher than Ben.
一般疑问句：Does Mike jump higher than Ben?
特殊疑问句：Who jumps higher than Ben?
选择性的特殊疑问句: Who jumps higher, Mike or Ben?

比较级句子中涉及到的人称代词和物主代词的用法
1、主格和宾格
（原句） Mike is stronger than Nancy.
（改一改）He is stronger than her.
（原句） This man is taller than that man.
(改一改) _______is taller than_______.
（原句） Helen swims faster than Su Yang.
(改一改) _______swims faster than_______.
你能总结一下：什么时候用主格，什么时候用宾格吗？
2、形物和名物
（原句） Liu tao’s bag is heavier than Yang Ling’s bag.
(改一改) His bag is heavier than her bag.
His is heavier than hers.
想一想：红色部分分别是什么类别的物主代词？
（原句） Mr Green’s desk is bigger than Miss Li’s desk.
(改一改) ________desk is bigger than __desk.
________is bigger than ________.

练 习
一、语音
选出每组单词中划线部分读音与其余三个不同的单词。
（ ）1、
A、worker
B、workbook
C、worm
D、doctor
（ ）2、
A、weight
B、height
C、eight
D、eighty
（ ）3、
A、than
B、traffic
C、late
D、animal
（ ）4、
A、near
B、year
C、bear
D、hear
（ ）5、
A、more
B、work
C、world
D、worm
二、选择填空。
( ) 1.Are you as _____ as your classmate, Xiao Ming?
A. tall B. taller C. younger
( ) 2.______ Saturday morning, they went for a_______
A. In, walk B. On, walk C. At, walking
( ) 3.This cat is _____ than that one.
A. thin B. thinner C thiner
( ) 4. Whose ruler is longer, _____?
A. yours or his B. your or his C. yours or her
( ) 5. --What do your parents do after supper?
--They take the _____ dog for a walk.
A. cute B. red C. well
( ) 6.--_____ your grandfather 80 years old?
--Yes, he _____.
A. Is, does B. Are, is C. Is, is
三、用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空。
I’m _____ (tall) than David.
Who’s _____ (young), you or your brother?
Which is _____ (long), Chang Jiang River or the Yellow River?
David’s bag is _____ (heavy) than _____ (I).
Gao Shan runs______(fast)than his brother.  
Is your hair as ________ (longer, long)as hers?
Yang Ling' flies a kite______(higher\taller)than David.
My mum ______ (says, say)Jimmy is also her child.
I am three months __minutes\minute) youger than ________.  (he, him)

四、课文内容填空
Last Sunday morning, Su Hai _____ (go) for a walk in the park. She met Ben and his cousin Jack. They had a _____ (chat). Jack was not the only _____ (children) .He had a brother Jimmy. That’s a _____ (cute) dog. Jack was 6 years old. Ben was _____ (old) than him. Ben was also _____ (tall) and _____ (heavy) than him. Ben was as _____ (old) as Su Hai. But he was _____ (strong) than Su Hai. Su Hai had a _____ (twins) sister Su Yang. Su Yang was twenty _____ (minute) _____ (young) than Su Hai.

五、完成阅读理解，教师讲评
Mr. White and Mrs. White work in the same hospital. They have two lovely girls. Their names are Lucy and Lily.
Lucy and Lily are twin sisters. Lucy is 10 years old. Lily is ten minutes younger than Lucy. But Lucy isn’t as tall as Lily. She is shorter than Lily. They are both students in Sunshine Primary School. Lucy is good at Maths. But Lucy is not. She is better at music. They like watching TV. They watch TV every Saturday and Sunday.
The Whites came to China 2 years ago. They like China very much now. They like Chinese food.
根据短文内容判断正误。
(    ) 1.The parents work in the same hospital.
(    ) 2. Mr. White and Mrs. White came to China 3 years before.
(    ) 3. Lily is shorter than Lucy.
(    ) 4.After dinner, Lucy and Lily watch TV.
(    ) 5. They like Chinese food.