论《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧之原因英语论文本科学位论文.doc

本科生毕业论文（设计）册

学院 XXX学院
专业 英语教育
班级 XXXX级英语教育X班
学生 XXX
指导教师 XXX

XXXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书
编 号：
论文（设计）题目： 论《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧之原因
学院： XXX学院 专业： 英语教育 班级： XXXX级英语教育X
学生姓名： XXX 学号： XXXXXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称：XX

1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务
本论文的研究目标是探讨名著《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧之原因。其主要任务是通过分析《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧原因加深理解其爱情主题。

2、论文（设计）的主要内容
本论文分为三章，第一章分析悲剧爱情的根本原因，即社会现实；第二分析历史背景，即工业革命及其所带来的阶级对立；最后一章分析内在原因，即男女主人公各自的复杂性格。

3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线
本论文的基础条件是各评论家对《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧原因的研究成果。
研究路线是对爱情悲剧原因从不同的方面进行详细的阐述，得出爱情悲剧是由三方面因素合力酿成的。

4、主要参考文献
Bronte, Emily. Wuthering Heights. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 2003.
Brown, Mary. A Research on the Passionate Love of Catherine and Heathcliff. New York: Manhattan Press, 1997.
Woolf, Virginia. The Common Reader. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co, 1925.
刘杨. 浅析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公的双重性格. 科技信息, 2011.
杨静远. 勃朗特姐妹研究.中国社会科学出版社, 1983.

5、计划进度

阶段
起止日期
1
确定初步论文题目
3月9日前
2
与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字
3月9日-3月16日
3
提交论文提纲
3月16日-3月23日
4
交初稿和文献综述
3月23日-4月20日
5
交终稿和评议书
5月8日前
指 导 教师： 年 月 日
教研室主任： 年 月 日
注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书
XXX 学院 英语教育 专业 2013 届
学生
姓名
XXX
论文（设计）题目
论《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧之原因
指导
教师
XXX
专业
职称
XX
所属教研室
高年级
研究方向
英美文学

课题论证：《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公的悲剧爱情是由社会现实，工业革命历史背景及男女主人公复杂性格三方面因素合力酿成的。

方案设计：第一章分析悲剧爱情的根本原因，即社会现实，
第二章分析历史背景，即工业革命及其所带来的阶级对立，
第三章分析内在原因，即男女主人公各自的复杂性格。

进度计划：3月9日前确定初步论文题目
3月16日前写开题报告、任务书
3月23日前提交论文提纲
4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述
5月8日前交终稿和评议书
指导教师意见：

指导教师签名： 年 月 日

教研室意见：

教研室主任签名： 年 月 日
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书
姓 名
XXX
学院
XXX学院
专业
英语教育
年级（班）
XXXX级英语教育X班
论 文 题 目
论《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧之原因
完成时间
XXXX/5/5
论

文

内

容

摘

要

《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特唯一的一部小说。小说面世之初，并不被评论界和读者所看好，但它仍以其独特的爱情绝唱深深吸引着观众。半个世纪之后，《呼啸山庄》受到人们的热捧和好评。它所描绘的悲剧爱情和现实背景紧密结合，发人深省。
《呼啸山庄》讲述了一个关于悲剧爱情和疯狂报复的故事。男主角希斯克利夫小时被呼啸山庄的老主人恩萧先生所收养，并与其女儿凯瑟琳陷入爱河。但是凯瑟琳为了地位和财富想要嫁给了画眉山庄的林顿。这激怒了希斯克利夫，他出走三年回来，变成一个财富与手段兼备的复仇者。在复仇中凯瑟琳和林顿先后死去，希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的爱情以悲剧收场，他最后也在深深的痛苦中离世。
本论文旨在通过三个章节对 《呼啸山庄》 中希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧进行原因分析。第一章分析悲剧爱情的根本原因，即社会现实；第二章分析历史背景，即工业革命及其所带来的阶级对立；第三章分析内在原因，即男女主人公各自的复杂性格。

指
导
教
师
评
语

年 月 日
指 导 教 师

职称

初评成绩

答辩小组
姓名
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教研室
组长

成员

答辩记录：

记录人签字： 年 月 日
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XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述
Literature Review
In her short life, Emily Bronte had written a few works which include only the novel Wuthering Heights and several poems. Wuthering Heights was her masterpiece which could reflect her emotions and thoughts to a great extent. Though it was her only novel, it has also brought people huge waves of intense comments by reviewers as well as the readers for more than one hundred years. And the causes of the tragic love between Heathcliff and Catherine were one of the most popular themes which people always discussed and thought about. This literature review is rightly about the different considerations and evaluations from the comments writers.
In terms of the reasons leading the tragic love, some people considered that the social reality, such as the pursuit for wealth and status, the low position of women and so on, caused the tragedy of love. While some people noticed that the plot happened in the period of the Industrial Revolution, which would certainly influenced Emily and made her added the factors of the special historical background into the love. And other commenters paid much attention on the protagonists, Heathcliff and Catherine, as well as their complicated personalities. They analyzed their characters to conclude that cruel Heathcliff or greedy Catherine, or they both, had caused the tragedy by themselves. And in the following content, the reviews will be presented systematically.
There had been many reviewers considering the main cause for the tragic love was the social reality, which primarily includes people’s secular concept in wealth and status, and the low status of women in the society as well as family. The reviewer Wang Yurong from Ningxia Polytechnic College has ever stated in her academic paper that the pursuit for wealth and racial discrimination made the love become the expendable. And the professor Li Aiqing in Jiaozuo Normal Technical College also said that although Wuthering Heights was far away from the city, people there never could get rid of the atmosphere and values in the whole society. And this was the root cause why Hindley struggled to kill the love between Heathcliff and Catherine. Though Catherine’s love for Heathcliff had never changed, in terms of the marriage standard, she also could not cast off the restriction of the secular values. Then it worked to cause the tragedy. Professor Li Aiqing also considered that Catherine’s own defect in character and Heathcliff’s crazy pursuit for love did lead to the tragic love, but the social environment was a more important role to causing it. And Zhang Jing from Beihua University wrote in her academic thesis that the patriarchal society gradually quickened the progress of the tragedy. She said women’s role in the patriarchal society was silent and accessorial. Although capitalism in the period of Victoria had developed fast, the limitation and constraint to women still worked to a very great extent. As the patriarch of Catherine, Hindley never admitted her to marry impoverished Heathcliff. He tormented Heathcliff all the time. So the patriarchal society denied Heathcliff’s value as a human, and destroyed his love. After losing everything he once had, Heathcliff chose to revenge on people who had betrayed him. In the statements of Zhang Jing, we can see the patriarchal society, or the low position of women in the society caused the tragic love inevitably.
And some reviewers spent much time to analyze the special historical background, the Industrial Revolution and the English Bourgeois Revolution, which brought a new social class fighting against the old ones. At first Heathcliff was just a gypsy of the lowest class. And Linton was from the feudal landlord class. But when Heathcliff came back later, he had changed his status into a representative of the rising bourgeoisie. And the two opposed classes met together to fight against each other, which led to the revenge and the tragic love. The reviewer Jiao Zhifei once wrote a thesis talking about the tragic love both in Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Wuthering Heights. He said that Emily Bronte was living in the nineteen century, the Victorian era. At that time, the Industrial Revolution had influenced the whole English society and the world. It deepened the contradiction between workers and capitalist, and enlarged the distinction from the wealthy and the poor. The society was full of unrest. He also quoted a sentence to describe the situation. “At that time, every Englishman was likely to be faced with a strong storm. Even the northern landlords in remote area could not enjoy the leisure like before any longer.” I agree with the above statement very much, but next he made some contradictory points. He considered that the love story of Heathcliff and Catherine was just under the background. At that time Catherine did have intense struggles in her mind: If she married Heathcliff, they could only live like beggars; if she married Linton, she also could help Heathcliff get away from the torture of Hindley. So Catherine left Heathcliff and led to the tragedy. And to a great extent, it is bourgeois values of family status and the discrimination between different classes causing the tragedy. But I think it was not bourgeois values that caused the tragedy, because at that time, capitalism had not developed into a strong power enough, and the emerging bourgeoisie was still a new social class. And Linton , the master of Thrushcross Grange, was a feudal landlord which represented the survivals of feudalism. So it should be the feudal values about the family status and the traditional marriage standard causing the tragic love. Some commenters when talking about this theme always focused on the point as this reviewer listed. It need to clarify that the capitalism at that time did become the main trend for its new fresh energy. But there were still survivals of feudalism as well as the old feudal values existing to hinder the development of capitalism. The successful Heathcliff was bourgeois. And the fight between the two sides was expressed as the clashes between Linton and Heathcliff in the second half part of the novel. So the sense of hierarchy in the novel was not from the capitalist world, but from the surviving feudal force. So one of the reasons why I want to write another thesis to analyze the causes for the tragic love in Wuthering Heights, was that I aimed to clarify the situation about the social classes in the novel.
The third part of reasons that reviewers always paid attention to, was about the complicated personalities of Heathcliff, or of Catherine. Some commenters defined the personalities as “dual personalities”, because whether Heathcliff or Catherine had two different sides in their characters. An example about this point is the reviewer Liu Yang’s article which analyzes the dual personalities of the protagonists in Wuthering heights. He said that Heathcliff’s intense love as well as his deeply hatred were a reflection of his dual personalities. He loved Catherine more than himself, but he was still a violent man. And this sort of love made him become a monster, and twisted him, brought him a horrible value standard. As to Catherine, Liu Yang mentioned that the series of Catherine’s behaviors all manifested her contradictory minds. Catherine had “two self”, her character was split. And her miserable fate was rightly hided in the dual personality.
From the observation and classification of many articles about the causes for the tragic love of Heathcliff and Catherine, I find that the causes are mainly classified into the three types. But the theses and papers that classify the causes systematically into more than two aspects do not exist numerously. And in the analysis including more than one aspect, the reasons listed are always mixed together, and are not easy to distinguish clearly. So on the basis of this fact, I aim to write a thesis which clearly includes the three kinds of reason of the tragic love into three chapters. And every cause will also be followed a correspondent role. For example, the reason, the social reality, was the root cause. And the complicated personalities of the protagonists were internal reasons. I hope from the literature review as well as the thesis, the causes for the tragedy can be showed more expressly.

本科生毕业论文

题目：论《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧之原因

姓 名：XXX
指导老师：XXX
学 院：XXX学院
专 业：英语教育
班 级：XXXX级英语教育X班

完成日期: XXXX年5月5日
An Analysis of the Causes for the Tragic Love of Heathcliff and Catherine in Wuthering Heights

BY
XXX

Prof. XXX , Tutor

A Thesis
Submitted to the Foreign Languages
Institute in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts at
XXXXUniversity

May 5th, XXXX
iii

Abstract

Wuthering Heights was the only novel of the British female writer, Emily Bronte. When the novel was first published, it was not highly valued by critics and readers. But it still deeply attracted the readers for it was a unique love masterpiece. Half a century later, Wuthering Heights became popular and highly praised. Because the tragic love it had described was linked to the reality closely, and it always set people thinking.
Wuthering Heights was about a story of tragic love and crazy revenge. When he was a child, Heathcliff, the protagonist, was brought up by Wuthering Heights’ old master, Mr. Earnshaw. And he fell in love with Earnshaw’s daughter Catherine. But for wealth and status Catherine wanted to marry Linton from Thrushcross Grange. It enraged Heathcliff. He left Wuthering Heights for three years. When he came back, Heathcliff became an avenger who had wealth as well as cruel means. In the revenge, Catherine and Linton died one after the other. Heathcliff and Catherine's love ended with a tragedy, and he finally passed away in deep grief.
This thesis aims to analyze the causes of the tragic love between Heathcliff and Catherine in three chapters. The first chapter is about the root cause which is the social reality; the second chapter analyzes the historical background, which includes the Industrial Revolution and the conflict of social classes brought by it; and the third chapter analyzes the internal reasons, namely, the complicated personalities of Heathcliff and Catherine.

Keywords love tragedy cause background

iv

摘 要

《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特唯一的一部小说。小说面世之初，并不被评论界和读者所看好，但它仍以其独特的爱情绝唱深深吸引着观众。半个世纪之后，《呼啸山庄》受到人们的热捧和好评。它所描绘的悲剧爱情和现实背景紧密结合，发人深省。
《呼啸山庄》讲述了一个关于悲剧爱情和疯狂报复的故事。男主角希斯克利夫小时被呼啸山庄的老主人恩萧先生所收养，并与其女儿凯瑟琳陷入爱河。但是凯瑟琳为了地位和财富想要嫁给了画眉山庄的林顿。这激怒了希斯克利夫，他出走三年回来，变成一个财富与手段兼备的复仇者。在复仇中凯瑟琳和林顿先后死去，希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的爱情以悲剧收场，他最后也在深深的痛苦中离世。
本论文旨在通过三个章节对 《呼啸山庄》 中希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧进行原因分析。第一章分析悲剧爱情的根本原因，即社会现实；第二章分析历史背景，即工业革命及其所带来的阶级对立；第三章分析内在原因，即男女主人公各自的复杂性格。

关键词 爱情 悲剧 原因 背景

v

Table of Contents

Introduction·······························································1
Chapter I. The Root Cause: the Social Reality···································4
A. The Secular Values about Wealth as Well as Family Status······················4
B. The Low Status of Women················································6
Chapter II. The Special Historical Background: the Opposite Social Classes Brought
by the Industrial Revolution················································8
A. The Industrial Revolution Reflected in Wuthering Heights·······················8
B. The Emerging Bourgeoisie Represented by Successful Heathcliff·················10
C. The Feudal Landlord Class Represented by Linton····························10
Chapter III. The Internal Reasons: the Complicated Personal