帮助文件.doc

请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：
中国土地广阔，人口众多。尽管全国都讲汉语，但是不同地区的人说汉语的方式不同，这被称为方言。方言一般被称为地方话，是汉语在不同地区的分支，只在特定地区使用。汉语方言非常复杂。它们有以下三方面不同：发音、词汇和语法。发音的区别最为显著。2000多年前，中国人发现社交时应该使用同一的语言。和方言相比，普通话能被所有人理解。普通话有利于不同种族、地区人民之间的信息传递和文化交流。
教研参考译文：
China has a vast land and a large population. Even though the Chinese language is spoken all over the country, people in different areas speak it in different ways, which are called dialects. Generally called local languages, dialects are branches of the Chinese language in different regions, and are only used in certain areas. Dialects of the Chinese language are very complicated. They differ from each other in three aspects: pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. And the difference in pronunciation is the most outstanding. Over 2000 years ago, Chinese people realized that a common language should be used in social activities. Compared with dialects, mandarin can be understood by all people in China. The use of mandarin can contribute to information transmission and cultural exchange between ethnic groups and people in different places.
教研词句点拨：
1、中国土地广阔，人口众多
China has a vast land and a large population
2、A在不同地区的分支
branches of A in different regions
3、信息传递
information transmission
4、文化交流
cultural exchange
5、社交活动
social activities
四级翻译预测题：
20年前，很多人对创业者（entrepreneur）的态度是不理解和不信任。但是现在，这个形势已经发生了根本的变化。不仅人们对创业者的态度发生了变化，同时在政策上有很多扶持，也有很多的奖项来表彰创业者。现在如果一个有志青年去创业，他会受到很多赞许的目光，我们会为他鼓劲、加油。一些扶持政策也会帮助他成功创业，在社会舆论环境上，方方面面都给现在的创业者提供了一个非常好的一个平台。

教研参考译文：
20 years ago, many people did not understand or trust entrepreneurs. But now the situation has radically changed. Not only has people's attitude towards entrepreneurs changed, but also there are a lot of support in terms of policy and many awards to commend their achievements. Now if an aspiring young person wants to start a business, he or she will receive a lot of praise. People will cheer for him or her. He or she will get policy support as well. In terms of public opinion environment, besides many other favorable aspects, a very good platform has been created for entrepreneurs today.
教研词句点拨：
政策上有很多扶持：a lot of support in terms of policy
表彰创业者：commend their achievements
有志青年：aspiring young person
社会舆论环境：public opinion environment
此篇为四级选词填空预测题，童鞋们可以先试着做一做，然后才看答案哦！
A Group of politicians in Washington wants to stop President Barack Obama from doing what he wants. Same old story, you might think This time, ___1____, it is not Republicans who are proving obstructive, but members of the president's own party. Mr. Obama itches to sign the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a trade deal that would link 11 economies of the Pacific rim (泛太平洋地区)—___2____ Japan and Singapore, but not China—with America. The deal would ___3____ tariffs and, more importantly, harmonize ___4____ between the countries to make trading easier. Most Republicans love the idea. But many Democrats don't. Sandy Levin, a Democratic congressman, growls that he is "out to defeat" Mr. Obama's plans. What is the ___5____ all about?
Congressional Republicans and Mr. Obama ___6____ that by boosting exports, the deal would make America richer. According to one estimate, by 2025 the TPP would ___7____ American incomes by 0.4% per year. The public largely agrees with the president: 58% of Americans see free trade mostly as an ___8____—a figure that has risen 17 percentage points since the recession—with Democrat voters keener (热情的) on free trade than Republicans. (This may be because Democrats are more likely to be in jobs that ___9____ from globalization.) There is a helpful geopolitical component, too: the TPP could help America retain its sway (支配) in Asia. If the 12 TPP countries plump for common trade standards, then those rules—crucially, not China's—could ___10____ in effect as global ones, given the big chunk of world GDP they would govern.

[A] argue
[B] benefit
[C] declining
[D] disagreement
[E] function
[F] including
[G] increasingly
[H] limiting
[I] opportunity
[J] potential
[K] raise
[L] reduce
[M] regulations
[N] stable
[O] though

答案
1. [O] though
2. [F] including
3. [L] reduce
4. [M] regulations
5. [D] disagreement
6. [A] argue
7. [K] raise
8. [I] opportunity
9. [B] benefit
10. [E] function
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on virtual life or real life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the importance of deep reading. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

教研参考范文：
Deep Reading in Modern Life
At the picture depicts, a father told his son that he should read deeply rather than merely pursue the quantity of reading materials. It reflects that people tend to browse and scan e-books without stopping to ponder even one question. The way we read is so superficial that it arouses great concern in modern life.
To be a better reader, we had better do as follows. For one thing, take notes about crucial details as we used to do. Taking notes can avoid the phenomenon that the more we read online or on smart phones, the less we seemed to memorize. For another, classics deserve to be savored by the contemporary people. For example, some classical novels can be read free on Kindle, which makes them popular among youngsters again. What's more, if we did not make summaries from time to time, nothing that we learnt from e-books would truly be ours
In conclusion, when we enjoy digital reading, we should consciously conducts deep reading. Try our best to keep those good habits which are acquired in the process of paper reading, such as intensive reading and deep thinking.
一、用于作文开头的万能模板：
1、Many people insist that... 很多人(坚持)认为……
这句话乍看没亮点，但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多？
2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……
这个可是小编当年的"杀手锏"啊，虽谈不上洋气，但正确率百分百啊，还超好记！
3、A lot of people seem to think that... 很多人似乎认为……
"think"终于闪亮登场，但"seem to"为整个句子增添了点婉转之感，这种客观的方式貌似较受老外（尤其腐国人）喜爱。
四级备考漫漫长路，专家一席教导，可能让你醍醐灌顶>>>戳我聆听名师讲解 
二、引出不同观点的万能模板：
1、People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that.... 人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为……
看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。其实，也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。
2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。
乍一看，跟上句的开头神似，其实就是省略掉了"people's"，不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。
3、People may have different opinions on... 人们对……可能会有不同的见解。
又是一个婉转的句子，展示其客观性。
4、There are different opinions among people as to... 关于……人们的观点大不相同。
"different"虽拉低了水准，但"as to"又拯救了回来。
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同
这句话貌似亮点不多，顶多一个"hold"，但也是安全牌，容易理解。
四级备考漫漫长路，专家一席教导，可能让你醍醐灌顶>>>戳我聆听名师讲解 
三、得出最终结论的万能模板：
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that... 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……
很完全的答法，"take sth into consideration"短语的应用，加分。
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
"Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。
3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that... 因此，自然我们得出以下结论。。。
"Hence"一词用在文章中大气吧，但别平时口语中用，否则即使老外也用一种看老古董的眼神看你。。。
再特意提一句："we'd better"在这里不是“不得不”或“最好”的意思，而是一种自然而然，水到渠成的得出结论。
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。
短语"there is no doubt that"上线，同时运用我们的老朋友"as well as"增加看点。
5、All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 总之，我们没有……是无法生活的。但同时，我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
这句话一般用于作文结尾，属万能句式，句式较为简单，方便操作。
四级备考漫漫长路，专家一席教导，可能让你醍醐灌顶>>>戳我聆听名师讲解 
四、提出最终建议的万能模板：
1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
"It is high time" 打头，为该句增色。注：that 后跟虚拟语气，后跟动词的一般过去式，表示“是某人做。。。的时候了”或者“是某人不做。。的时候了”
2、It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ... 该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予非常重视的时候了。
去掉一个"high"，画风完全不一样，不用过去式，只需用"to do"来替代。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ... 毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够的重视。
"there is no doubt that"+被动还是蛮经典的组合。
4、Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that... 显然，如果我们想做某事，我们需要……
这句有些老生常谈，稍微不“常”的就是"essential" 替代了"important"。
5、Only in this way can we... 只有这样,我们才能...
Only+倒装，经典万能句式，还能看出点水平呢。
6、It must be realized that... 我们必须意识到...
把人人都会的"I realized"升格为被动语态，省略了主语，监考老师绝对会眼前一亮的！
四级备考漫漫长路，专家一席教导，可能让你醍醐灌顶>>>戳我聆听名师讲解 
五、英语四级作文预示后果万能模板：
1、Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that... will lead us in danger. 很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险。
"the chances are that"替代了"may"，果然说话拐弯的生物不止是中国人。
2、No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that... 毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则很可能会……
作文结尾万用句，毫无破绽。
3、It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展。
"It is urgent that"+被动，效果不错滴。
一提到四级作文的结尾部分，"all in all"，"in conclusion"等句式就欢乐地冒了出来熟不知阅卷老师的审美又遭遇了千篇一律的轰炸，这时就需要一些可以刺激他审美的万能句型呢！
四级备考漫漫长路，专家一席教导，可能让你醍醐灌顶>>>戳我聆听名师讲解 
1) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that …从以上的讨论我们可以肯定地得出结论，即…
2) Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…
3) Overall, there is compelling evidence that …, and it follows that in this respect …总的说来，令人信服的证据是…，而且在这方面随之而来的是…
4) The analysis we have made leads to a sound idea that …由我们的分析得出一个正确的见解，即…
5) Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…
6) Therefore, we can reach the following conclusion … 因此，我们可以得出这样的结论…
7) The evidence upon all sides leads to a just conclusion that …基于各方面证据，就产生这样一个公正的结论。
8) All the analysis justifies an unshakable view that …所有分析证实了一个不可动摇的观点，即…
9) All reliable evidence points to the fact that …所有可靠的证据都表明这一事实…
10) All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that …所有的证据都支持一个毫无疑问的结论…
四级写作是四级考试的重难点，可以成为你整张考卷的点睛之笔。为了尽可能吸引阅卷老师，在保证文章流畅完整的前提下，有些句子需要精加工，如总结句，开头句，还有其他句型句式的调整。
1. prohibit…from (=forbid) 禁止, 阻止
2. in proportion to 与…成比例
3. protect…from 阻止..不受,保护不受
4. be proud of 为…自豪
5. provide for 为…做准备
6. in public 公开地, 当众
7. on purpose(=by intention, deliberately)故意
8. to the purpose (=useful for one’s purpose)得要领的, 中肯的
9. be qualified in 在某种科目或学科上合格 bequalified for 在某种职业上合格
10. call…in question 对…表示怀疑
11. beyond (all) question (=without question) 毫无疑问
12. out of the question (=impossible)不可能的
13. in question (=under discussion)所谈及的;
14. without question 毫无疑问
15. be caught in the rain 被雨淋了
16. at random (=without aim or purpose) 随便地, 任意地, 胡乱地
17. range over (=cove, include) 范围包括
18. range between 范围在..与..之间不等
19. at any rate (=at all events)无论如何,总之
20. beyond the reach of 无法达到(得到,理解)
21. out of reach of 无法够到. within reach of (or within one’s reach) 够得到 ,能拿到
22. react to 对…作出反应
23. react on upon 对…产生影响
24. react against 作出反抗或反对反应
25. (be) ready for 准备好做…
26. in reality (=in fact, really) 事实上
27. beyond all reason 没有道理的
28. by reason of (=because of) 由于,因为
29. it stands to reason that …理所当然
30. reason with (=argue) 劝说
翻译原文
“中国式过马路(Chinese style of crossing road)”指的是一大群人一起过马路，不管交通灯是绿色还是红色的现象。“中国式过马路”反映了行人和机动车在通行权(right-of-way)分配上的深层矛盾。因此，为了解决这个问题，我们应该加强教育和指导，提高公民的素质和遵守交通规则的意识，改善城市管理，鼓励司机学习发达国家的驾驶意识，以科学的方式安装交通信号灯，并采取必要的管理措施。
参考译文：
“Chinese style of crossing road” refers to large crowds of people crossing roads together, no matter whether the traffic light is green or red. “Chinese style of crossing road” reflects the deep contradiction between pedestrians and motor vehicles on distribution of right-of-way. Therefore, in order to solve the problem, we should strengthen education and guidance to enhance citizens' quality and awareness of obeying traffic rules, improve urban management, encourage drivers to learn the driving awareness in developed countries, install traffic lights in a scientific way and take necessary management measures.
1.“中国式过马路”指的是一大群人一起过马路，不管交通灯是绿色还是红色的现象:“过马路”为cross roads;“指的是”可译为refer to;“一大群”可翻译为large crowds of,其中crowd意思是“人群”;“不管”可译为no matter, no matter who(无论谁)=whoever, no matter how=however(无论怎样)。
2.“中国式过马路”反映了行人和机动车在通行权分配上的深层矛盾:“反映”可 译为reflect;“深层矛盾”可译为deep contradiction。
3.因此，为了解决这个问题，我们应该加强教育和指导，提高公民的素质和遵。守交通规则的意识，改善城市管理，鼓励司机学习发达国家的驾驶意识，以科学的方式安装交通信号灯，并采取必要的管理措施:这是个长句并列的结构均为动宾短语，要注意句中动词的翻译，如strengthen (加强)、improve (改善)、encourage(鼓励)等。其中“为了”可译为in order to。“解决问题”可译为solve the problem, 是固定搭配。
翻译原文：
“土豪(local tyrant)”原意是指在某城镇或某地区中有钱有势的人或家族。然而，如今旧词添新义，“土豪”变成了一个流行语。“土豪”这个词首次被延用到虚拟世界时，是用来形容那些愿意在电脑游戏上花大钱的人。后来，它被扩展到用来描述喜欢炫富的人。“土豪金”已经成为用来指代金色的iPhone 5S的流行语。黄金象征着高贵、财富和兴旺土豪金”曾在许多零售渠道脱销。
参考译文：
“Local tyrant” originally meant a rich and powerful person or family in a town or an area. However, the old term has assumed new meanings, and has become a popular term. The use of term “local tyrant” was first extended to the virtual world to describe the people who were willing to spend a huge sum of money on computer games. Later, it was extended to describe people who like to brag about their wealth. “Local tyrant gold” has become a popular phrase to describe the gold iPhone 5S.Gold symbolizes nobility, wealth and prosperity. The “local tyrant gold” used to be sold out in many retail channels.
1. “土豪”这个词首次被延用到虚拟世界时，是用来形容那些愿意在电脑游戏上花大钱的人:“被延用到”可译为be extended to, extend意为“扩展，延伸”。“虚拟世界”可译为the virtual world。
2.黄金象征着高贵、财富和兴旺:“象征着”可译为symbolize，如: Olive branch symbolizes peace. (橄榄枝象征着和平。)。
3. “土豪金”曾在许多零售渠道脱销: “脱销”可译sell out。“零售渠道”可译为retail channel, 其中channel有许多词意，如“海峡; 河床; 通道; 渠道; 频道”等，使用时需注意。
翻译原文：
平遥位于中国山西省中部，是一个有着2700多年历史的古老城市。它是明淸时期汉族城市的一个典范。它的城墙、街道、住宅、店铺和庙宇都保留得异常完好，极富特色。同时，居住在平遥的人民依然保留着许多传统。这个与世隔绝的古城功能特殊、布局(layout)合理。城墙是由黑色的砖砌成，已经经历了600多年的风雨洗礼，一直保存完好。现在它已经成为古城的一个标志了。
参考译文：
Pingyao is an ancient city with a history of over 2700years, loeated in the middle pan of Shanxi Province,China. It is an outstanding example of cities of theHan nationality during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Its city walls, streets, dwelling houses, shops andtemples have retained all the features to an exceptional degree. Also, many traditions are stillpreserved by the people living in Pingyao. The enclosed city is of distinct function and properlayout. The city wall that was built with black bricks has stood against rains and storms for over600 years and been well preserved. Now it has bccome a symbol of the old city.
1.平遥位于中国山西省中部,是一个有着2700多年历史的古老城市:“有着...历史"可译为with a history of或have a history of。
2.同时，居住在平遥的人民依然保留着许多传统：“保留”可译为preserve,上句中的“保留得异常完好”中的“保留”可译为retain。
3.城墙是由黑色的砖砌成，已经经历了600多年的风雨洗礼，一直保存完好：其中“由黑色的碎蝴成”可译为be built with black bricks。
翻译原文：
在中国，如果不了解“面子”的含义,则很难理解许多行为言辞。面子通常可理解为社会对一个人名誉和声望(prestige)的看法。因此，中国人向来很重视面子问题。丢面子会导致一个人在人际交往中失去权威。中国人通常不会公开