土木工程英语证书考试(PEC)-道路勘测设计专业术语.doc

土木工程英语证书（PEC）考试-道路勘测设计专业术语道路road公路highway都市道路city road；urban road厂矿道路factories and mines road林区道路forest road乡村道路country road车辆换算系数vehicle conversion factor城间道路interurban road都市出入口公路city approach highway道路工程road engineering丝绸之路the silk road道路网road metwork道路(网)密度density of road network道路技术原则technical standard of road设计车辆design vehicle特种车辆special vehicle计算行车速度(设计车速)design speed道路建筑限界boundary line of road construction道路用地范围right of way净空clearance等级道路classified road辅道relief road高速公路free way；motorway部分控制进入partial control of access等级公路classified highway等外公路substandard highway干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway国家干线公路(国道)natilnal trunk highway省干线公路(省道)provincial trunk highway县公路(县道)county road乡公路(乡道)township road (county road) 绕行公路bypass公路自然区划clinatic zoning for highway (都市)迅速路expressway(都市)主干路arterial road(都市)次干路secondary trunk road(都市)支路branch road街道street郊区道路suburban road居住区道路residential street工业区道路industial district road厂外道路ractory-out road厂内道路factory-in road(厂内)主干道arterial road(厂内)次干道secondary trunk road(厂内)支道branch road露天矿山道路opencast mine road生产干线prductive arterial road生产支线productive branch road联络线linking-up road林区公路fores thighway运材道路haul road集材道路skid road护林防火道路protection forest fire-proof road连接道路linking-up road冻板道路freeze road木排道corduroy road自行车道cycle track；cycle path畜力车道cattle-pass驮道bridler road项目提议书project Proposal可行性研究feasibility study项目任务书Project charter设计规范design specification 初步设计Preliminary Design施工图设计 construction documents design交通构成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距spachead way车头时距time headway车(辆)间净距vehicular gap延误 delay点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed区间速度overall speed运行速度operating speed临界速度iptimum speed；critical speed时间平均速度time mean speed空间平均速度space mean speed经济车速 economic speed自由车速free-flow speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量 monthly average daily traffic年第30位最大小时交通量 thirtieth highest annual hourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly volume高峰小时交通量 peak hourly volume设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力 basic trsffic capacity也许通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity道路服务水平level of servic e交叉口通行能力capacity of imtersection道路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observation起迄点调查origin-destination study出行trip境内交通 local traffic过境交通 through traffic出境交通 outbound traffic入境交通 inboud traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通方式划分 model split交通量分派traffic assignment交通量预测 traffic volume prognosis路网通行能力capacity of metwork道路网规划road network planning棋盘式道路系统gridiron road systim环形辐射式道路系统ring and radial road system自由式道路系统 free style road system混合式道路系统 combination-type road system(都市)道路面积率road area ratio(都市)人均道路面积road area ratio牵引力tractive effort行驶阻力driving resistance滚动阻力rolling resistance空气阻力air friction；air resistance坡度阻力 slope resistance；grade resistance(都市道路)平面设计alignment design；plane design道路中线center line of road道路轴线road axis道路路线route of road道路线形road alignment平面线形horizontal alignment横向力系数lateral force ratio缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve离心加速度centrifugal acceleration回旋线spiral curve；clothoid交点intersection point, IP主点major point偏角angle of deflection偏角法method of deflection angle几何要素geometry element 圆曲线参数parameter of circular curve切线支距法tangent offset method缓和曲线参数parameter of easement curve急弯sharp curve缓弯flat curve坐标coordinate线形要素alignment elment平曲线horizontal curve最小平曲线半径minimum radius of horizontal xurve汽车最小转弯半径minimum turning radius圆曲线circular curve复曲线compound curve复曲线点point of compound curve, PCC反向曲线reverse curve同向曲线adjacent curve in one direction断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve；reverse loop卵形曲线ovoid curve视线sight line视距sight distance停车视距stopping sight distance超车视距overtaking sight distance司机反应距离driverreaction distance司机感觉反应距离driver perception-reaction distance司机感觉反应时间driver perception-reaction time司机判断时间driver judgement time司机识别距离driver decipherment distance侧向视野field of lateral vision侧向余宽lateral clearance侧向最小安全间距minimum safe lateral clearance纵断面设计profile design；design of vertical alignment纵面线形vertical alignment高程(标高)elevation地面高程groud elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图vertical profile map中桩填挖高度height of cut and fill at center stake纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡minimum longitudinal gradient变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradient坡长限制grade length limitation纵坡折减grade compensation缓和坡段transitional gradient竖曲线vertical curve凸形竖曲线convex vertical curve凹形竖曲线concave vertical curve路幅roadway车行道(行车道)carriage way车道lane内侧车道 fast lane中间车道cemter lane外侧车道nearside lane附加车道auxiliary lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道 deceleration lane超车车道overtaking lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车车道 parking lane紧急停车带emergency parking strip；lay-by错车道passing bay回车道(回车场)turmaround loop专用车道 accommodation lane错车洞passing bay in tunnel单行路one-way road车道宽度lane-width人行道side walk；foot way分隔带separator；central reserve路缘带marginal strip路肩shoulder；verge硬路肩hard shoulder路缘石curb平缘石flush curb立缘石(侧石)vertical curb平石gutter apron街沟(偏沟)gutter路侧带curb side strip绿化带green belt横坡cross slope路拱crown路拱曲线camber curve合成坡度resultant gradient平曲线加宽curve widening加宽过渡段transition zone of curve widening超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevation runoff断面渐变段transition zone of cross section超高横坡度superelevation slope土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance横断面图cross-cectional profile路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part-cut part-fill subrade台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade(路基)最小填土高度minimum height of fill边坡side slope边坡平台plain stage of slope边坡坡度grade of side slope边坡修整slope trimming(边)坡顶top of slope(边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台stage for heaping soil and brocken rock护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙pile and plank retaining wall锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods锚锭板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall石笼rock rilled gabion抛石riprap护栏guard rail护墙guard wall标柱guard post防护栅safety fence防炫屏(遮光栅)anti-dizzling screen隔音墙acoustic防沙设施sand protection facilities防雪设施snow protection facilities道路限界架boundary frame on road道路照明设施ighting facilies of road交通广场traffic square停车场parking lot反坡安全线adverse grade for safety公交(车辆)停靠站bus bay ；parking station综合管道(综合管廊)composite pipe line渡口ferry道路绿化road planting街道绿化street planting行道树street trees绿篱hedge；living fence功能栽植function planting护路林shelter belt里程碑ki lometer stone百米桩hectometer stake踏勘reconnaissance(道路工程)方案图road project(道路)平面示意图plane sketch线形设计alignment design公路景观设计highway landscape design(都市道路)竖向设计design of elevation选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location of line纸上定线paper location比较线alternative line展线route deveopment初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographic feature地物culture地形topographyf台地terrace垭口pass；saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线(山腰线)hill-side line越岭线ridge line(道路)隧道tunnel半山洞half tunnel明洞 open cut tunnel导线 traverse导线测量traverse survey中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图 plan view交点intersection point虚交点inaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle偏角deflection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing angle方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外(矢)距 external distance测站 instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量leveling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum地形测量 topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线comtour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey坑探intersection plan钻探boring(道路)地质剖面图geological section(道路)地质柱状图boring log地下水位uderground water level摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophotogrammetry地面控制点测量ground control-point survey航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图ohotographic map航摄像片判读aerophto interpretation综合法测图planimetric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic(平面)交叉口intersection；road crossing交叉口进口intersection entrance,approach交叉口出口intersection exit加宽转角式交叉口intersection with widende corners拓宽路口式交叉口flaredintersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交错weaving交错路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflic t point交错点weaving point交通岛traffic island导流岛channelization island中心岛center-island安全岛refug island道口铺面paved crossing道口限界架 boundary frame on crossing交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道cross walk斑马线zebra crossing人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天桥pedestrian overcrossing分隔设施separate facilities视距三角形sight triangle路口视距sight distance of intersection标志视认性sign legibility(平曲线)横净距lateral elear distance of curve道路曲线最内侧旳车道行车 (路口)截角cut corner for sight line视野 field of vision道路交叉(路线交叉)Road intersection,crossing, junction交叉角intersection angle(铁路)道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection；grade crossing多岔交叉multiple-leg intersection环形交叉rotary intersection；roundabout微形环交mini-roundabout十字形交叉cross roads丁字形交叉(T形交叉)T intersection错位交叉staggered junctionY形交叉 Y intersection交叉口平面图intersection plan立体交叉grade-separated junction上跨铁路立体交叉overpass grade separation下穿铁路立体交叉underpass grade separation简朴立体交叉grade separation互通式立体交叉interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉clover-leaf interchange半苜蓿叶形立交partial clover-leaf interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange半定向式立交semi-directional interchange菱形立体交叉 diamond in terchange喇叭形立体交叉trumpet interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange分隔式立体交叉interchange woth special bicycle track匝道ramp单向匝道one-wayramp双向匝道two-way ramp环形匝道loop ramp车道分布lane distribution车道分界线lane line车道平衡lane balance车道收费机lane toll machine车道通行能力lane capacity车道系数coefficient of lanes车道拥有率lane occupancy ratio出口匝道控制exit ramp control路基排水 subgrade drainage地表水surface water地下水underground water毛细水capillary water边沟intercepting ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain；blind ditch渗水井seepage well过水路面ford暴雨强度intensity of rainstorm(排水)设计重现期design frequency街道排水street drainage管道排水pipe drainage渠道排水gutter drainage(立体交叉)泵站排水drainage by pumping station雨水口inlet；gully检查井manhole雨水口支管branch pipe of inlet泄水口drain opening取土坑borrow pit弃土堆 waste bank管线综合设计under-ground pipes comprehensive design路面pavement暗涵buried culvert饱和流量saturation volume饱和流率saturation volume rate暴雨径流rainstorm run-off暴雨强度rainstorm intensity