新译林8A-Unit-4-Do-it-yourself知识总结.doc

8A Unit 4 Do it yourself.
一. 词汇拓展
1. instruct v.→instruction(n.)指示、说明
2. decorate→ decoration(v.) 装饰
3. usual adj. → unusual(反义词)
4. possible adj. → impossible(反义词)
5. finish v. → finished(adj.) 完成的
6. terrible adj. → terribly(adv.)
二. 重点短语
1.had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事
2. a pair of scissors 一把剪刀
3.stand for 代表，象征
4. instead of (doing) sth. 代替(做)某事
5.be crazy about doing 对…着迷 be crazy for sth 渴望某物
be crazy for sb 迷恋某人 be crazy to do sth 做某事是糊涂的
6.put in a brighter light 装个亮点的灯
7.make a mistake 犯错误 make few miatakes by mistake 错误地
8.have a power cut 供电中断，停电
9.fill… with… 用…填充… be filled with=be full of 充满
fill the room with water 弄得房间到处是水
11.not only（A）…but also（B）…. 不仅…而且…;…和…都（作主语谓语看B）
12.advice 名词(不可数) 建议 advise 动词 建议
advise sb. (not) to do… 建议某人(不)做…
advise doing advise sb against doing 反对做…
13.add … to… 将…增加到… add to 增加 add up to 总计
14.for example+句子 例如 such as+短语
take an example 举例 follow sb’s example 学某人
15.tidy up 收拾妥，整理好
16.put away 放好；把…收起来
17.keep it secret 保密 let out secrets
18.go wrong 弄错；犯错；(机器)出故障
19.cut out 剪出
20.clear instructions 清楚的说明 give sb an instruction to do=instruct sb to do
ask for instructions 请示
21.read them first 先读读它们
22.No problem. 没问题。
23.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
24.enjoy making something new喜欢制作新东西
25.make some paper roses 做些纸玫瑰
26.three brushes 三把刷子
27.decorate his house 装饰他的房子
28.look terrible 看起来糟糕
29.another time 另一次，还有一次
30.put up a picture 张贴一张画
31.hit the pipe 敲裂了水管
32.paint the wall blue 把墙刷成蓝色
33.take a course in DIY 学DIY方面的课程
34.attend lessons 上课
35.try to do sth. 努力/尽力做某事
36.fail to do sth. 失败做某事；未能做成某事
37.fail (in) the exam 考试不及格
38.teach sb. how to make cards教某人如何制作卡片
39.tell/ask/order sb. (not) to do sth.告诉/请求/命令某人(不)做某事
40.on the other side of the card 在卡片的另一面
41.give up (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事
= stop doing sth. 停止做某事
42.how to make a fruit salad 如何做水果沙拉
43.mix them together 将它们混在一起 mix up 混淆
44.tips for making a fruit salad做水果沙拉的提示
45.fruit in season 时令水果
46. make sure 确保
47.be sure 确信，相信
48.leave it in the air for some time将它留在空气中一段时间
sometime 将来的某时； some times 几次、几倍； sometimes有时
49.stop cleaning the house 停止打扫屋子 stop sb from doing阻止某人做
50.do outdoor sports 做户外运动
51.stay at home all day 整天待在家里
52.right now = right away = at once立刻,马上
53.have fun working together 一起干活儿很开心
54.spell the words wrong 拼错单词
55.colour the roses red 将玫瑰着成红色
56.stick it on the cover 将它粘在封面上stick –stuck - stuck
57.make things from old clothes 用旧衣服做东西
58.put together a piece of furniture组装一件家具
59.finish doing 完成某事
60.once more 再一次 at once 立刻、马上 once upon a time从前
61.It’s time for sth/to do
62.be able to do be unable to do
63. be certain to do 肯定做
64.make a pumpkin lantern for her=make her a pumpkin lantern by herself
65.make a decision to do decide to do

三.重点句子
1.What does it stand for? 他代表着什么？
2.You’d better get some tools. 你最好弄些工具。
3.What’s DIY exactly? DIY确切的意思是什么？
4.It says, “Do it yourself.”（say报纸黑板的显示的内容）上面写道：“自己动手做。”
5.Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor.
现在客厅里不仅墙是蓝色的，连天花板和地板也是蓝的。
6.The books couldn’t stay on the shelf. 书不能立在架子上。
= No books could stay on it. 没有书能立在上面。
7.One end of the shelf was much higher than the other. 书架的一端比另一端高很多。
8.Now I know much more about DIY than my cousin.对于DIY我现在比表哥知道得多。
9.Don’t touch the wet paint, please. 油漆未干，请勿触碰。
10.You shouldn’t put so many books on the shelf. 你不应该放这么多书在架子上。
11.You had better not be late for school. 你最好不要迟到。
12.Please fix the shelf for me. 请替我固定这个架子。
13.Cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces.将其中一些大些的水果切成小块。
14.Your room is really untidy--- things are all over the floor.你房间真不整洁---地板上到处是东西。
15.I decided to make her a birthday card by myself. 我决定亲自为她制作一张生日贺卡。
16.I kept spelling the words wrong. 我总是把单词拼错。
17.I planned to make a card with some roses on it. 我计划做张带有玫瑰的卡片。
18.This is the first card I made for Mum. 这是我为妈妈做的第一张卡片。
19.I made some mistakes when I wrote the sentence “Happy Birthday, Mum”. 当写“妈妈，生日快乐”这句话时，我犯了几个错误。

三. 词句解析
1.leave vt. 使处于某种状态
[点拨] leave 用作使役动词，意为“使处于某种状态”，后常接分词、形容词、副词或介词作宾语补足语。
The moving story left him unmoved.
他对这个感人的故事无动于衷。
Leave the door open. 让门开着吧。
This matter left her without a way of hope.
这件事使她没有了丝毫的希望。
[拓展] leave 可用作实义动词。用作及物动词，意为“留下，留给”；用作不及物动词，意为“离开；出发”。其过去分词为left，意为“剩下的，剩余的，没有用完的”，修饰名词或不定代词时常常后置。leave还可用作名词，意为“休假，假期”。
His mother left for Shanghai this morning.
他的妈妈今天上午动身去了上海。
I left my umbrella at home. 我把雨伞落在家里了。
We are going to have five days' leave. 我们将有五天假期。
Do you have some pocket money left, Linda?
琳达，你还有剩下的零花钱吗？

2.They couldn't stay there because one end of the shelf was much higher than the other!
它们(书)无法摆在上面，因为架子的一端比另一端要高得多！
[点拨] much higher 意为“高得多”。much可修饰形容词的比较级，more 不可以。
Our city is much more beautiful than that one.
我们的城市比那座城市美丽得多。
[拓展] 形容词比较级前常用一些名词、数词、副词(如a bit, a little, much, far, a lot, lots, still, even等)来修饰，使比较意义在语义上有所加强，在程度上更加确切、具体。
Lily is a little taller than Lucy.
莉莉比露西稍微高一点。
His model plane is even better than yours.
他的飞机模型甚至比你的更好。

五.语法
祈使句讲解
一、祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号，但是有些祈使句的语气较弱，可以用句号结尾
　　祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，例：Go and wash your hands. 例如：保持肃静！　Be kind to our sister. Watch your steps. 表示禁止的句式有：不准、不要、别、No parking.
二、表现形式
●肯定结构:
1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here.
　　有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
●否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don\'t构成，如:Don\'t forget me!Don\'t be late for school! 此句型的反义疑问句是（Don’t do…, will you？）2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don\'t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分如:Don\'t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：
1、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let......not" （见例(10)）：
　　Don't let this type of things happen again. 例(9)
　　It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain. 例(10)
2、"Let"只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如：
　　 Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.
　　Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.
3、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等：
　　 Let the puppy out.
　　Open the windows and let the fresh air in.
　　The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.
　　Let me alone, please.
用"Let\'s"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用"Let us"时，并不包括对方，如：
　　 Let's try it, shall we?
　　Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you"，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。
三．祈使句与并列连词and与or 连用时可以表示条件。
Work harder,and you will catch up with your classmates.

情态动词 should ,had better 的用法
一． Should
1表达职责或义务，提出劝告及一般人们认为应该去做的事，常用来谈论现在和将来。
2.should用于否定句，多表示做了不应该做的事。Shouldn’t
3.should适用于任何人称和数
二． had better
1.had better do… “最好” had常缩写为 ’d 否定式had better not do
一般疑问句把 had 放在主语的前面。
1) You’d better hurry up if you want to get home before dark.
2)We’d better not disturb him.
3) Had we better go now?
我们最好现在走吗？ 
2.had better 适用于任何人称和数
You’d better go with me.
3.变为一般疑问句时，如果是肯定句，就把had提前，放在句首；如果是否定句，就把hadn’t 提前即可。
Had you better go there at once?
4.含有had better的反义疑问句的简短问句部分中要用had或hadn’t.如：
You had better give him the magazine,hadn’t you ?
had better 比should 语气强

即时自测
1.She had to stay at home instead of ________ (go) swimming because it's very cold outside.
2. It's __________ (possible) for me to finish the hard work in ten minutes.
3. Her two penfriends are both ___________ (Australia).
4.You had better___________(not smoke) here.
5.I can’t finish ___________(read) the book within two days.
单项选择
(　　)1.Sorry, I ________ my passport in the office.
A．forget B．left
C．leave D．forgot
(　　)2.Let us pass, ?
A. shan't we B. shall we C. won't we D. will you
(　　)3.You should _______ smoking. It’s really bad for your health.
A. look up B. give up C. get up D. set up
(　　)4.Andy, you’d better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit _______ good for you.
A. is B. are C. was D. were.
(　　)5.– Simon, what do I need to take for the hiking?
--You’d better ________ more water than usual. It’s hot today. [来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]
A. to take B. take C. taking D. took