华中农业大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2015年华中农业大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2016年华中农业大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2017年华中农业大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年华中农业大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.Vocabulary and grammar(30)Section 1 Multiple choice(20)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C andD.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Mark your answerson your answer sheet.1The structure of the global economy _ that developing nations put alltheir efforts into raising cashusually by exploring whatever virginresources the industrial world might desire.A.dictatesB.regulatesC.allowsD.appeals【答案】A【解析】句意：全球经济结构要求发展中国家竭尽全力筹集资金，其方式通常是探索国家所渴望的原始资源。dictate命令；口述。regulate调节，规定。2He never felt that being disabled _ him of all moral responsibility tohimself and his community.A.releasedB.relievedC.removedD.relied【答案】B【解析】句意：他从来没有感觉到身患残疾减轻了他对于自己及社区的道德责任。relieve sb.of减轻，缓解。3Hip replacement surgery is _ joint replacement surgery in the U.S.A.the single most frequentB.the most single frequentC.the single frequentD.a single frequent【答案】A【解析】句意：髋关节置换手术是美国最常见的关节置换手术。这句话中single与最高级连用，表示强调。4Experimental sciences,based on the observation of the external world,cannot aspire to completeness;the nature of things,and the imperfection ofour organs,_.A.are likely opposing itB.are opposed to it and the likeC.are alike oppose itD.are opposing it likewise【答案】B【解析】句意：实验科学基于对外部世界的观察，不能追求完整，因为事物的本质、人类器官的缺陷等都与之相对立。the like类似物，类似情况。be likely to do很可能做某事。5I couldnt sleep because the tap in the bathroom was _.A.drainingB.droppingC.spillingD.dripping【答案】D【解析】句意：浴室的水龙头一直在滴水，我睡不着。drip滴（水），滴下（液体）。drain排水；流干。spill溢出，流出。6Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in _ binsprovided.A.junkB.litterC.scrapD.deposit【答案】B【解析】句意：请把空烟盒和纸袋放到提供的垃圾桶里。选项中只有litter常用来与bin搭配，构成名词短语litter bin“垃圾箱”。junk表示“大块、零碎废物”。scrap表示“小片、废料、残余物”。7Once a picture is proved to be a forgery,it becomes quite _.A.invaluableB.pricelessC.unworthyD.worthless【答案】D【解析】句意：一旦一幅画被证明是伪造的，那么它就会一文不值。worthless意为“无价值的；不值钱的”，可作表语。invaluable和priceless都表示“无价的；非常贵重的”。unworthy只能做定语。8As the director cant come to the reception,Im representing the company_.A.on his accountB.on his behalfC.for his partD.in his interest【答案】B【解析】句意：由于负责人不能来接待会，我以他的名义代表公司。onsb.s behalf表示“以某人的名义，代表某人”。9Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading,andtheir scores have improved only _.A.marginallyB.marvelouslyC.martiallyD.markedly【答案】A【解析】句意：这些学校的学生在测试中表现出的阅读能力远低于全国平均水平，他们的分数也仅仅勉强合格。marginally少量地；最低限度地。marvelously奇迹般地；不可思议地。martially勇敢地；好战地。markedly明显地；显著地。10Many Fine Art graduates take _ professional practices as artists,and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in finecommunity by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside theFaculty.A.downB.upC.outD.in【答案】B【解析】句意：许多美术毕业生开始作为艺术家从事专业实践，这个过程为他们提供了短期的校外生活，从而引导他们思考自己在社会中作为艺术家的角色。take up拿起；开始从事。take down记下；拿下。takeout取出；去掉。take in吸收；领会。11The fact is that motherhood makes the heaviest demands in _ theareas of least experience.A.that it might be calledB.what might be calledC.which might be calledD.it might be called【答案】B【解析】句意：事实上，母亲身份在可能是“经验最少”的人群中提出了最繁多的要求。in是介词，后面应该接宾语，所以是宾语从句，宾语从句中又缺主语，因此引导词为what。12_ sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during mostof fine twentieth century,they are gradually losing the central places aschurches devote more energy to social activities.A.AsB.ForC.WhileD.Although【答案】D【解析】句意：虽然在二十世纪的大部分时间里，布道在宗教生活中保持着卓越的地位，但是他们正在逐渐失去主导地位，因为教堂在社会活动中花费了很多精力。由前后两个分句的句意可知，应该填表示转折关系的词。13As a result,the mission of the school,along with the culture of theclassroom,_.A.was slowly to changeB.are slowly changedC.is slowly changingD.have slowly changed【答案】C【解析】句意：因此，学校的任务以及课堂文化在逐渐改变。alongwith连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和第一个主语保持一致。14There seemed little doubt that the spread of a particular cultural trait didfollow a specific regular pattern _.A.as a society adoptedB.which a society adopted itC.as a society adopted itD.when a society adopted【答案】A【解析】句意：一种特定文化特点的传播遵循一种社会所接受的特定的规律，这一点似乎毫无疑问。这里as引导了一个定语从句，修饰的是“aspecific regular pattern”，as在这个定语从句中做宾语。15_ a ticket for the match,he can now only watch it on TV at home.A.Obtaining notB.Not obtainingC.Not having obtainedD.Not obtained【答案】C【解析】句意：由于没有买到比赛的票，他现在只能呆在家里从电视上观看比赛。“没有买到票”这个动作发生在过去，对现在有一定的影响（呆在家里看电视），因此前半句的非谓语动词应该用现在完成时。16How can I ever concentrate if you _ continually me with sillyquestions?A.have,interruptedB.had,interruptedC.are,interruptingD.were,interrupted【答案】C【解析】句意：如果你不断地用一些无聊问题来妨碍我，我怎么能集中精力呢？从can和句意可知，这句话是指目前正在发生的事，不是虚拟语气。17As it turned out to be a small house party,we _ so formally.A.need not have dressed upB.must not have dressed upC.did not need to dress upD.must not dress up【答案】A【解析】句意：原来是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们原本没有必要穿得如此正式。turn out to be 意为“原来是；结果是”，表示到了那里才知道那是个小聚会，而我们已经穿着很正式的衣服去参加了，因此应该是“原本不需要做而做了”。18It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makesthe book difficult to understand.A.butB.norC.asD.like【答案】C【解析】句意：与其说是语言，倒不如说是文化背景使这本书难懂。not so muchas与其说不如说。19He was _ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.A.too much of a cowardB.too much the cowardC.a coward enoughD.enough of a coward【答案】A【解析】句意：他太胆小了，以至于不敢把真相告诉他最好的朋友。of加抽象名词相当于其对应的形容词。20Some people viewed the findings with caution,noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _.A.to be shownB.to have been shownC.to have shownD.being shown【答案】A【解析】句意：一些人十分谨慎地看待这些发现，因为他们注意到被动吸烟与癌症之间的因果关系仍有待研究。remain to be done表示有事情需要被做，动作尚未发生。Section 2 Proofreading&error correction(10)Directions:The following passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated linecontains a maximum of ONE error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a“/”signand write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the endof the line.For an unnecessary word,cross out the unnecessary word with a slash“/”andput the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Example【答案与解析】1inwith（带着某种感情应该用介词with。）2increasingincreasingly（由于修饰favourite，因此应用副词形式increasingly。）3sobut（前文说到“小麦价格在秋天通常很低”，后文说到“农民们等不到市场价格提高”，二者之间为转折关系。）4soon/shortly（soon与shortly意思重复，因此应去掉其中一个。）5justonly（only to do为固定搭配，意思是结果，表示未曾料到的愉快或不愉快的结果。）6asked/for（这里的意思是生产组织“要求”政府进行更稳定的控制，因此用askfor。）7involvinginvolved（involved意思是“有关的；卷入的”。这里的意思是“政府不想参与其中”。）8lifeliving（living costs为固定搭配，意思是“生活费”。）9with/handledeal（handle不可与with连用，因此可将with去掉或将handle改为deal。）10totalfull/complete（total有较强烈的计算意味，强调总量。）II.Reading comprehension(40)Section 1 Multiple choice(20)Directions:In his section there are two reading passage followed by multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on youranswer sheet.Passage ACooperative competition.Competitive cooperation.Confused?Airlinealliances have travelers scratching their heads over what s going on in theskies.Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travelers,offering seamlesstravel,reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits.Others see aconspiracy of big businesses,causing decreased competition,increased faresand fewer choices.Whatever your opinion,theres no escaping airlinealliances:the marketing hype is unrelenting,with each of the two mega-groupings,Oneworld and Star Alliance,promoting itself as the best choicefor all travelers.And,even if you turn away from their ads,chances are theywill figure in any of your travel plans.By the end of the year,Oneworld andStar Alliance will between them control more than 40%of the traffic in thesky.Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75%in 10 years.But why,after years of often ferocious competition,have airlines decided toband together?Lets just say the timing is mutually convenient.NorthAmerican airlines,having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty athome,have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers.Asiancarriers are still hurting from the region-wide economic downturn that begantwo years ago-just when some of the airlines were taking delivery of newaircraft.Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits bypooling manpower resources on the ground(rather than each airlinemaintaining its own ground crew)and code-sharing-the practice of twopartners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.So alliances are terrific for airlines-but are they good for the passenger?Absolutely,say the airlines:think of the lounges,the joint FFP(frequent flyerprogramme)benefits,the round-the-world fares,and the global servicenetworks.Then theres the promise of“seamless”travel:the ability to,say,travel from Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janeiro,all on oneticket,without having to wait hours for connections or worry about yourbags.Sounds utopian?Peter Buecking,Cathay Pacifics director of sales andmarketing,thinks that seamless travel is still evolving.“Its fair to say thatthese links are only in their infancy.The key to seamlessness rests ininfrastructure and information sharing.Were working on this.”Henry Ma,spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong,lists some of the other benefitsfor consumers:“Global travellers have an easier time making connectionsand planning their itineraries.”Ma claims alliances also assure passengersconsistent service standards.Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostlypie in the sky,that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines,rationalizing services and running joint marketing programmes.Jeff Blyskal,associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine,says the promotionalballyhoo over alliances is much ado about nothing.“I dont see much of again for consumers:alliances are just a marketing gimmick.And as far asseamless travel goes,Ill believe it when I see it.Most airlines cant even gettheir own connections under control,let alone coordinate with anotherairline.”Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choicesand increased costs for consumers.Instead of two airlines competing andeach operating a flight on the same route at 70%capacity,the allied pair willshare the route and run one full flight.Since fewer seats will be available,passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets.The truth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere betweenthe travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed bytheir critics.And how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveleryou are.Those whove already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline standto benefit the most when it joins an alliance:then they enjoy the FFP perksand advantages on any and all of the member carriers.For example,if yourea Marco Polo Club“gold”member of Cathay Pacific s Asia Miles FFP,youwill automatically be treated as a valuable customer by all members ofOneworld,of which Cathay Pacific is a member-even if youve never flownwith them before.For those who havent made the top grade in any FFP,alliances might be away of simplifying the earning of frequent flyer miles.For example,I belongto United Airline s Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25,000 miles ayear.But I earn miles with every flight I take on Star Alliance member-AllNippon Airways and Thai Airways.If you fly less than I do,you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP gamealtogether.Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able tosave enough to take that extra trip anyway.The only real benefit infrequentflyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.The bottom line:for all the marketing hype,alliances arent all things to allpeople-but everybody can get some benefit out of them.1Which is the best word to describe air travelers reaction to airlinealliances?A.Delight.B.Indifference.C.Objection.D.Puzzlement.2According to the passage,setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit_.A.North American airlines and their domestic travelersB.North American airlines and their foreign counterpartsC.Asian airlines and their foreign travelersD.Asian airlines and their domestic travelers3Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?A.Baggage allowance.B.Passenger comfort.C.Convenience.D.Quality.4One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is that air travel maybe more expensive as a result of _.A.less convenienceB.higher operation costsC.less competitionD.more joint marketing5According to the passage,which of the following categories of travelerswill gain most from airline alliances?A.Travelers who fly frequently economy class.B.Travelers who fly frequently business class.C.Travelers who fly occasionally during holidays.D.Travelers who fly economy class once in a while.【答案与解析】1D 由文章开头的“Cooperative competition.Competitive cooperation.Confused?”可知，乘客们对航空公司结盟的态度是困惑的。2B 由第二段可知，建立航空联盟可以“allow carriers to cut costs andincrease profits”，其中的carriers指的是前文提到的北美航空公司和亚洲的航空公司。3A 文中第三段谈到了结盟的优点有“without having to wait hours forconnections or worry about your bags”并提出“assure passengers consistentservice standards”，选项A“行李津贴”没有在文中提及。4C 短文第五段第二句说“Instead of two airlines competing and eachoperating a flight on the same route at 70%capacity,the allied pair will sharethe route and run one full flight.”由此可见，联合将最终导致票价上涨，因为联合的两个公司将共享路线，载满乘客，而不是互相竞争。5B 倒数第四段中提到“Those whove already made the elite grade in theFFP of a major airline stand to benefit the most when it joins an alliance”，而已经达到“elite grade”的人是那些经常乘坐商务舱的人。Passage BDespite Denmarks manifest virtues,Danes never talk about how proud theyare to be Danes.This would sound weird in Danish.When Danes talk toforeigners about Denmark,they always begin by commenting on its tininess,its unimportance,the difficulty of its language,the general small mindednessand self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes.No Dane wouldlook you in the eye and say,“Denmark is a great country.”Youre supposedto figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net,where almost half the national budget goestoward something out lifes inequalities,and there is plenty of money forschools,day care,retraining programs,job seminarsDanes love seminars:three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost asgood as a ski trip.It is a culture bombarded by English,in advertising,popmusic,the Interact,and despite all the English that Danish absorbsthere isno Danish Academy to defend against itold dialects persist in Jutland thatcan barely be understood by Copenhageners.It is the land where,as thesaying goes,“Few have too much and fewer have too little,”and a foreigneris struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,where the lowliest clerkgives you a level gaze,where Sir and Madame have disappeared fromcommon usage,even Mr.and Mrs.its a nation of recyclersabout 55%ofDanish garbage gets made into something newand no nuclear power plants.Its a nation of tireless planners.Trains run on time.Things operate well ingeneral.Such a nation of overachieversa brochure from the Ministry of Businessand Industry says,“Denmark is on