华南理工大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2017年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2018年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解.Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terminologyinto target language respectively.If the source text is in English,its targetlanguage is Chinese.If the source text is in Chinese,its target language isEnglish.There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test,with one pointfor each.(30)1.OPEC石油输出国组织【答案】2.BRIC金砖四国【答案】3.MPA公共管理硕士【答案】4.CIA中央情报局【答案】5.NASA美国国家航空航天局【答案】6.UNESCO联合国教科文组织【答案】7.IOC国际奥林匹克委员会【答案】8.Silicon Valley硅谷【答案】9.trade surplus贸易顺差【答案】10.carbon footprint碳足迹【答案】11.Venture Capital风险资本【答案】12.fixed asset固定资产【答案】13.Value Added Tax增值税【答案】14.Kyoto Protocol京都议定书【答案】15.cast pearls before a swine对牛弹琴【答案】16.社保体系social security system【答案】17.不良贷款non-performing loan【答案】18.恶性循环vicious circle【答案】19.中介服务intermediary services【答案】20.不可再生资源non-renewable resources【答案】21.财政收入fiscal revenue【答案】22.多元文化社会multi-cultural society【答案】23.访问学者visiting scholar【答案】24.义务教育compulsory education【答案】25.森林覆盖率forest coverage rate【答案】26.基础设施建设infrastructure construction【答案】27.可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development【答案】28.流动人口floating population【答案】29.实况转播live broadcast【答案】30.外交豁免权diplomatic immunity【答案】.Directions:Translate the following two source texts into target languagerespectively.If the source text is in English,its target language is Chinese.Ifthe source text is in Chinese,its target language is English.(120)Source Text 1:On the Art of Living with OthersIn the first place,if people are to live happily together,they must not fancy,because they are thrown together now,that all their lives have been exactlysimilar up to the present time,that they started exactly alike,and that they areto be for the future of the same mind.A thorough conviction of the differenceof men is the great thing to be assured of in social knowledge:it is to lifewhat Newtons law is to astronomy.Sometimes men have a knowledge of itwith regard to the world in general:they do not expect the outer world toagree with them in all points,but are vexed at not being able to drive theirown tastes and opinions into those they live with.Diversities distress them.They will not see that there are many forms of virtue and wisdom.Many of the rules for people living together in peace follow from the above.For instance,not to interfere unreasonably with others,not to ridicule theirtastes,not to question and requestion their resolves,not to indulge inperpetual comment on their proceedings,and to delight in their having otherpursuits than ours,are all based upon a thorough perception of the simple factthat they are not we.If you would be loved as a companion,avoid unnecessary criticism uponthose with whom you live.The number of people who have taken out judgespatents for themselves is very large in any society.Now it would be hard fora man to live with another who was always criticising his actions,even if itwere kindly and just criticism.It would be like living between the glasses of amicroscope.【参考译文】论与人相处的艺术首先，如果人们想幸福快乐地一起生活，就一定不能想当然地认为，既然他们现在已经相遇并在一起了，那么过去到现在，他们的生活都是一样的，开端一样而且以后也会以一样的思维继续生活。在社交生活知识中，人与人之间存在差异是根本定论，就像牛顿定律是天文学的根本定律一样。大千世界，有时候人类有这种认识：他们不求外界在所有问题上都能和他们观点一致，但是会因不能将自己的品味、想法灌输给身边的人而烦恼愠怒。差异使他们痛苦，他们不会明白其实美德和智慧有很多种形式。人与人能和谐相处的许多规则都遵循刚刚提到的观点，比如，不要毫无理由地干涉他人，不要嘲笑他人的品味，不要质疑或反复质疑他人的决心，不要无休止地品论他人的事情，要为他人的追求与自己不同而感到高兴，所有这些都基于一个简单的事实他们不是我们。要想成为受喜爱的同伴，就要避免对共同生活的人不必要的挑剔苛求。任何团体中总有很多人自诩为“法官”行使权力。即使出于善意或提醒，人们也很难和一个总是挑剔自己行为的人生活，因为这种生活就如同放在了显微镜下。Source Text 2:一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险峻。民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人走到平坦的地方，固然高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈发能感到一种冒险的美趣。【参考译文】A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plainslying boundless on either side,its waters rolling on non-stop for thousandsupon thousands of miles.Sometimes it comes up against a narrow sectionflanked by high mountains and steep cliffs,winding through a course withmany a perilous twist and turn.A nation,in the course of its development,fares likewise.The historical course of mans life is just like a journey.A traveler on a longjourney passes through now a broad,level plain,now a rugged,hazardousroad.While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey uponreaching a safe and smooth place,he finds it still more fascinating to come toa rugged place,the enormously magnificent spectacle of which,he feels,isbetter able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.2012年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解.Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terminologyinto their target language respectively.There are altogether 30 items in thispart of the test,15 in English and 15 in Chinese,with one pint for each.If theoriginal is in English,its target language is Chinese.If the original is inChinese,its target language is English.(30)1.WHO世界卫生组织【答案】2.MOU谅解备忘录【答案】3.CPI居民消费价格指数【答案】4.isotope同位素【答案】5.Zeitgeist时代精神【答案】6.Orientalism东方主义【答案】7.referendum全民投票【答案】8.Eurozone欧元区【答案】9.loan defaulter拖欠贷款者【答案】10.nuclear deterrent核威慑【答案】11.public prosecutor检察官；法公诉人【答案】12.social contract社会契约【答案】13.Skopos Theory目的论【答案】14.in a nutshell简言之【答案】15.pull ones leg开玩笑【答案】16.诗经The Book of Songs【答案】17.认知心理学cognitive psychology【答案】18.反垄断法anti-monopoly law【答案】19.科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development【答案】20.裙带关系nepotism【答案】21.外向型经济export-oriented economy【答案】22.自主创新independent innovation【答案】23.综合国力comprehensive national strength【答案】24.科教兴国战略the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science andeducation【答案】25.扩大内需expand domestic demand【答案】26.自负盈亏self-financing【答案】27.转基因食品genetically modified food【答案】28.法人legal person【答案】29.次贷危机subprime crisis【答案】30.经济制裁economic sanctions【答案】.Directions:Translate the following two source texts into Chinese.(60)Source Text 1:In a field of that distant,half-neglected farm,I found an avenue of great elmsleading to nothing.But I could see where the wheat-bearing earth had beenleveled into a terrace;and in one corner there were broken,overgrown,gateposts,almost hid among great straggling trees.This,then,was the place Ihad come to see.Here had stood the great house or palace,with its terraces,and gardens,and artificial waters;this field had once been the favourite resortof Eighteenth-century Fashion;the Duchess and Beauties had driven hither intheir gilt coaches.And although the house had long since vanished,and theplough had gone over its pleasant places,yet for a moment I seemed to seethis fine company under the green of that great avenue and hear the gossip oftheir voices as they passed on into the shadows.【参考译文】在那个遥远而又几乎被人们遗忘的农场里，我发现了一条一望无垠的大道，大道上长满了大榆树。但是我可以看到，那些小麦地已经被夷为平地了；角落里是破碎而高耸的门柱，几乎隐藏在巨大的树木丛中。这就是我所见过的地方。这里曾经是一座大房子或宫殿，有露台、花园和人工水域；这片区域曾经是十八世纪最受欢迎的旅游胜地；公爵夫人和美女们驾着他们的镀金马车来到这里。尽管这所房子早已消失了，犁也已经翻平了这片乐土，然而，有那么一会儿，我仿佛看到了林荫大道下成群结伴的行人，听到他们穿过林荫道时的闲聊声。Source Text 2:Rapid transportation,modern architectural forms,methods of building upcities,and the architecture of cyberspaces all reflect the ability of our mind tocope with the spatial fractures that are produced by these things.If we arelucky enough to have the kind of mind that can make sense of a world filledwith the heavy distortions of space and time that have been wrought bymodern technology,then why fight it?After all,such technology has itsadvantages.We cant go back to being wild savages loping across the plainsof the savannah.Instead,we need to find the way ahead.But in finding thisway,we need to first make sure we understand where we have come from,why so many of us value our natural heritage,and what we stand to gain fromits preservation.Leaving aside the apocalyptic visions of seas boiling dryfrom global warming or untold millions of human beings dying slowly fromthe cumulative effects of toxins in our water,soil,and air,there is a muchsimpler rationale for our wanting to find ways to heal the spatial rifts that liebetween us and the rest of the natural world:contact with nature is good forour minds.【参考译文】快速交通、现代建筑形式、城市建设的方法以及网络空间的结构都反映了我们处理这些事物产生的空间裂缝的思维能力。如果我们足够幸运，能有这样一种思维能力来理解充满了现代科技所带来的空间和时间严重扭曲的世界，那为什么还要与之斗争呢？毕竟，这样的技术有它自身的优势。我们不能变回迈步穿过大草原的野蛮人，相反，我们需要找到前进的道路。但是在寻找这种方法的过程中，我们首先要确保我们清楚自己来自哪里，为什么那么多的人重视我们的自然遗产，以及我们能从保护自然遗产中得到什么。撇开全球变暖导致的海平面上升的末日景象不谈，亦不考虑无数的人类正在慢慢地因我们的水、土壤和空气中累积的毒素而死去，我们想找到治疗空间裂缝的方法有一个更简单的理由（这些裂缝存在于我们和自然界其余部分之间）：接触大自然对我们的思想有好处。.Directions:Translate the following source text into English.(60)学院请来一位洋教师。他每每与中国学生聊天，聊到可笑之处时，他不笑，脸上也没表情；可是有时毫不可笑的事，他会冷不防放声大笑，笑得仰面朝天，几乎连人带椅子要翻过去。常使中国学生面面相觑，不知这位洋教师是不是神经有问题。一天，洋教师出题，考查学生们用洋文作文的水准。中国学生很灵，一挥而就。洋教师评出了最佳作文一篇，学生们听后大为不解，这种通篇说谎的文章怎么能被评为“最佳”？原来这篇作文是写学校食堂。写作文的学生人很老实，胆子又小，生怕得罪校方，妨碍将来毕业，便不顾真假，胡编乱造，竭力美化，唱赞歌。洋教师明知学校食堂糟糕透顶，为什么偏要选这篇作文？洋教师说：“这文章写得当然好，而且绝妙无比。”他拿起作文念起来，“我们学校最美的地方，不是教室，不是操场，而是食堂。瞧，玻璃干净得几乎叫你看不到它的存在”怎么会是幽默？大家还没弄明白。洋教师接着念道：“如果你不小心在学校食堂跌了一跤，你会惊奇地发现你并没跌跤，因为你身上半点尘土也没留下”学生们忽然明白了什么。洋教师一边笑，一边继续往下念：“食堂天天的饭菜有多么精美、多么丰富、多么解馋！只有在学校食堂里，你才会感到吃饭是一种地道的享受”忽然，学生们爆发起大笑来。依照这种思维，我们会从身边发现多少聪明、机智、绝妙、令人捧腹的好文章！【参考译文】Our institute employed an English teacher.He never laughed when he chattedwith his Chinese students on amusing stories,nor did his face show anyexpression.However,when it came to topics of the dullest nature,he wouldburst into uncontrollable laughter,roaring while rocking in his chair,almostfalling flat on his back.The students would then look at each other,wondering if he was in his right mind.One day he set the students an essay to see how well they could write inEnglish.That was simple.And his students,quick at writing,finished it atone go and turned it in no time.He picked one that he thought the best.Whenhe read it out to the students,they were greatly perplexed.Of all thecomments,why did he like this one best?Not a single word of it was true.Itwas about the campus cafeteria and the author was a peaceable and timid guy.In order not to offend the school authorities-a decisive factor:concerning hisgraduation-he had made up a high-sounding story in praise of the cafeteriaregardless of reality.The teacher was as well aware of the cafeterias terribleconditions,but why should this piece in particular have appealed to him somuch?“This is undoubtedly a good one,”the teacher insisted.“Unprecedentedlygood!”He began to read.“The most beautiful spot on campus is not theclassroom building,nor the sports ground,it is our cafeteria.Look!Thewindowpanes are so clean that you scarcely notice there is glass there-”Humorous?But what was humorous about it?The students were puzzled.“Ifyou were not careful enough,”the teacher continued,“and had a fall on thefloor,you would be amazed to find that you had not fallen at all because youdid not get a single particle of dust on your clothes.By now the studentsseemed to be cottoning on.The teacher went on his reading punctuated byfits of laughter.“How wonderfully is the food cooked here!What a greatvariety of dishes you have here and how well your appetite is satisfied!Infact it is only at the cafeteria of the institute that you eating enjoyable.”Suddenly the students laughed,rocking the classroom with their laughter.Following this logic,God knows how many articles we would be able toproduce,articles that are just as well-worded,quick-witted,artfully-conceived and set you rolling with laughter!2013年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解.Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terminologyinto target language respectively.If the source text is in English,its targetlanguage is Chinese.If the source text is in Chinese,its target language isEnglish.There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test,with one pointfor each.(30)1.PDA个人数字助理【答案】2.UPI合众国际社【答案】3.OEM原始设备制造商【答案】4.NYSE纽约证券交易所【答案】5.IAEA国际原子能组织【答案】6.Obama Care奥巴马医改【答案】7.box office票房【答案】8.audience rating收视率【答案】9.null and void无效的【答案】10.force majeure不可抗力【答案】11.insurance policy保险单【答案】12.bill of exchange汇票【答案】13.well-informed source消息灵通人士【答案】14.inflation-proof deposit保值储蓄【答案】15.export-oriented economy外向型经济【答案】16.工业明胶technical gelatin【答案】17.行政审批government review and approval【答案】18.版税收入royalty income【答案】19.医疗卫生机构medical and health organization【答案】20.固有领土inherent territory【答案】21.学术诚信academic integrity【答案】22.国际仲裁international arbitration【答案】23.空气质量监测air quality monitoring【答案】24.佛经Buddhist scriptures【答案】25.逾期贷款past due loans【答案】26.衔接与连贯cohesion and coherence【答案】27.司法公正judicial fairness【答案】28.重大疾病保险critical illness insurance【答案】29.大陆架continental shelf【答案】30.运载火箭carrier rocket【答案】.Directions:Translate the following source text into Chinese.(60)George Washington,wealthy planter and fox hunting sportsman,was withouta trace of Puritanism.He was so completely indifferent to its piousirascibilities that he appears never to have made any comment on them.Indeed,he seemed,according to the evidence,to have had no instinct orfeeling for religion,although he attended church twelve or fifteen times ayear.The name of Jesus Christ is not mentioned even once in the vast collection ofWashingtons published letters.He refers to Providence in numerous letters,but he used the term in such a way as to indicate that he consideredProvidence as a synonym for Destiny or Fate.Bishop White,who knew himwell for many years,wrote after Washingtons death that he had never heardhim express an opinion on any religious subject.He added that althoughWashington was“serious and attentive”in church,he never saw him kneel inprayer.Nevertheless,he believed in the stabilizing power of religion.He had noreligious feeling himself,but thought religion was a good thing for otherpeople-especially for the common people.Anyone who understandsAmerican life will recognize the modern captain-of-industry attitude in thispoint of view.In his Farewell Address,which unquestionably represents his most matureopinions,the name of God does not appear,but he had a good word forreligions,to wit:“Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to politicalprosperity,religion and morality are indispensable supports.”Reading this,we pause and reflect.He considered religion a matter of policy.Of that we might have been sure-knowing,as we do,his type of mind.Butthe statement does not come up to expectations;he has not tied religion up toproperty.Any modern captain of industry would do that.However,we arenot yet at the end of the statement.In the same paragraph,a few lines furtheron,he says:Let it simply be asked,where is the security for property,for reputation,forlife,if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which are theinstruments of investigation in courts of justice?And let us with cautionindulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without religion.【参考译文】乔治华盛顿是一位富有的种植园主兼猎狐爱好者，他身上没有一丝清教主义的痕迹。他对他那虔诚的暴躁情绪完全漠不关心，似乎从来没有就此发表过任何评论。事实上，证据表明他似乎对宗教没有任何本能或感情，尽管他每年要去教堂十二次到十五次的样子。耶稣基督的名字在华盛顿出版的大量信件中甚至没有提到过。他在许多信中提到了上帝，但他用这个词来表示他认为上帝是命运或命运的同义词。怀特主教多年来一直很了解他，他在华盛顿去世后写道，他从来没有听过华盛顿对任何宗教问题发表意见。他补充说，虽然华盛顿在教堂里“严肃而专注”，但他从来没有见过他跪着祈祷。然而，他相信宗教的稳定力量。他自己没有宗教信仰，但认为宗教对其他人来说是件好事，尤其是对普通人来说。任何了解美国生活的人都会在这一观点中认识到现代的行业态度。在他的告别演说中，上帝的名字并没有出