华中师范大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）2010年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Translation of terms or phrases(30)A.Translate the following English terms and phrases into Chinese(15):CAD【答案】计算机辅助设计(Computer Aided Design)GPS【答案】全球定位系统(Global Position System)UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific，andCultural Organization)TMD【答案】战区导弹防御系统(Theater Missile Defense)WHO【答案】世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)Desert Storm syndrome【答案】海湾战争综合症Group of 77【答案】七十七国集团Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons【答案】不扩散核武器条约bird flu【答案】禽流感Paradise Lost【答案】失乐园Red Star Over China【答案】红星照耀中国The New York Times【答案】纽约时报Lost in Translation【答案】迷失东京Safeguard【答案】舒肤佳Reuters News Agency【答案】路透社B.Translate the following Chinese terms and phrases into English(15)：民盟【答案】China Democratic League国家计委【答案】SDPC(State Development Planning Commission)民革【答案】Chinese Civil Revolution南航【答案】China Southern Airlines非物质文化遗产【答案】intangible cultural heritage个体工商户【答案】Individual Business;privately or individually-owned business苏州古典园林【答案】Classical Gardens of Suzhou农村合作医疗【答案】rural cooperative medical service五代十国【答案】the period of five Dynasties and Ten Reigns鸦片战争【答案】The Opium War社会保障体系【答案】social security system涉外经济体制【答案】regulatory mechanism governing external economic relations综合国力【答案】comprehensive national strength基础群众自治制度【答案】the system of community-level self-governance限价商品房【答案】commercial housing with price ceilingsII.English-Chinese Translation(60)Passage One(30)No one doubts that the words we write or speak are an expression of ourinner thoughts and personalities.But beyond the meaningful content oflanguage,a wealth of unique insights into an authors mind is hidden in thestyle of a text-in such elements as how often certain words and wordcategories are used,regardless of context.It is how an author expresses his or her thoughts that reveals character,asserts social psychologist James W.Pennebaker of the University of Texasat Austin.When people try to present themselves a certain way,they tend toselect what they think are appropriate nouns and verbs,but they are unlikelyto control their use of articles and pronouns.These small words create thestyle of a text,which is less subject to conscious manipulation.Pennebakers statistical analyses have shown that these small words may hintat the healing progress of patients and give us insight into the personalitiesand changing ideas of public figures,from political candidates to terrorists.“Virtually no one in psychology has realized that low-level words can giveclues to large-scale behaviors,”says Pennebaker,who,with colleagues,developed a computer program that analyzes text,called Linguistic Inquiryand Word Count(LIWC,pronounced“Luke”).【参考译文】我们写或说的话是我们内心的想法和个性的表达，这一点是毋庸置疑的。但是，除了语言的有意义的内涵之外，作者的想法和独特见解也隐藏在文本的风格中，比如在不考虑上下文语境的情况下某些词和词类别的使用频率。德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校社会心理学家詹姆斯W潘尼贝克断言，这就是作者用来表达能够展现其性格的思想的方式。当人们想用一种特定的方式来展现自己时，他们倾向于选择他们所认为的正确的名词和动词，但是他们不可能控制自己对冠词和代词的使用。这些用处不大的小字眼构成了文章的风格，而且并不受限于有意识行为的操纵。潘尼贝克的数据分析表明这些用处不大的小字眼可能暗示了病人的康复过程并让我们了解到公众人物从政治候选人到恐怖分子的个性和想法的变化。他说，在心理学中，几乎没有人意识到，低级的语言可以给大规模的行为提供线索。他和同事们开发了一种分析文本的计算机程序，被称为语言查询和单词计数（LIWC，发音为卢克）。Passage Two(30)Springs are not always the same.In some years,April bursts upon ourVirginia hills in one prodigious leapand all the stage is filled at once,wholechoruses of tulips,arabesques of forsythia,cadenzas of flowering plum.Thetrees grow leaves overnight.In other years,spring tiptoes in.It pauses,overcome by shyness,like mygrandchild at the door,peeping in,ducking out of sight,giggling in thehallway.“I know youre out there，”I cry.“Come in!”And April slipsinto our arms.The dogwood bud,pale green,is inlaid with russet markings.Within theperfect cup a score of clustered seeds are nestled.One examines the bud inawe:Where were those seeds a month ago?The apples display theirmilliners scraps of ivory silk,rose-tinged.All the sleeping things wake upprimrose,baby iris,blue phlox.The earth warms you can smell it，feel it，crumble April in your hands.(James J.Kilpatrick)【参考译文】春不总是千篇一律的。有时候，四月一个健步就跃上了弗吉尼亚的小山丘。顿时，整个舞台活跃起来：郁金香们引吭高歌，连翘花翩翩起舞，梅花表演起了独奏。树木也在一夜之间披上了新绿。有时候，春又悄然来临。它欲前又止，羞涩腼腆，就像我的小孙女，倚在门口，偷偷往里瞅，又一下子跑开了，不见踪影，从门厅传出她咯咯的笑声。我喊一声：“我知道你在那儿，进来吧！”于是四月便倏地一下飞进我们怀中。山茱蓃的花骨朵儿嫩绿嫩绿的，镶着赤褐色的花边。在那漂亮的花萼里，竟稳稳地簇拥着十几颗小种子。我们不禁要惊羡地问一句：一个月前这些种子还在哪儿呢？苹果树则像卖帽人，向人们展示他帽子上那一片片微带点玫瑰红地乳白色丝缎。所有熟睡的都醒了樱草花、小蝴蝶花、蓝夹竹桃。大地也暖和起来了你可以闻到四月的气息，感觉到它那股馨香，把它捧在手中赏玩。III.Chinese-English Translation(60)龙从一开始就被人们赋予多种神格，既是雨神，又是雷神，既是云神，又是风神。为太阳拉车的是六条巨龙，是日神的骖乘。北方的烛龙是光明之神，南方的应龙曾协助远古的大禹治水，还帮大禹作战，是水神兼战神。东海的夔龙司职音乐，青龙是方位神，与天文有关。相传龙生九子，各有所好，涉及音乐、体育、法律、建筑、宗教等诸领域。可见龙是多功能神抵，除了不管婚姻、爱情，几乎处处有灵。人们祈求风调雨顺，扎应龙之状以通神。舞龙的初衷就是祈求丰收。古时吴越（长江中下游）渔民断发文身，就是为了让龙神视为已类不加伤害，赛龙正是为了娱神以求保佑。【参考译文】From the beginning,the dragon was attributed with various divinities,andwas said to be the god of rain,thunder,cloud and wind.The carriage of theSun God was drawn by six dragons.The Candle Dragon in the north was theGod of Light.The Ying Dragon in the south was the God of Water and Warwho helped Yu,the legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty(c.21st-16thcentury BC),tame floods and battle wars during the prehistoric period.TheKui Dragon of the East Sea was the Muse of the east;and the Black Dragonwas the God of Celestial Positions.The Great Dragon was said to have ninesons,who had interests in different fields such as music,sports,law,architecture and religion,so this dragon governed almost everything exceptmarriage and love.When praying for favorable crop weather,the Chinesepeople used to create dragon images to contact the dragon god.Todaysdragon dances were rituals designed to beseech the dragon for abundant rainand harvest.The ancient people in the lower and middle reaches of theYangtze River cut their hair and tattooed their bodies to convince the dragongod that they were similar to him,so that he would not harm them.Todaysdragon-boat race was originally intended to entertain the dragon god.2011年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Translation of terms or phrases(30)A.Translate the following English terms and phrases into Chinese(15)IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织(international monetary fund)ILO【答案】国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization)IAEA【答案】国际原子能组织(International Atomic Energy Agency)FAO【答案】联合国粮食与农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization)UNCTAD【答案】联合国贸易暨发展会议(United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopment)the Union of Myanmar【答案】缅甸联邦Indian Rupee【答案】印度卢比the BRIC Countries【答案】金砖四国（俄罗斯、印度、中国、巴西）Good Year【答案】丰年Business Week【答案】商业周刊The Woman Warrior【答案】女勇士（美国当代女作家汤婷婷的成名作）Hewlett-Packard【答案】惠普（美国计算机公司）The Other Guys【答案】二流警探（动作喜剧片）Secretary of State【答案】美国国务卿；英国国务大臣Group 20【答案】二十国集团B.Translate the following Chinese terms and phrases into English(15)新华社【答案】Xinhua News Agency发改委【答案】National Development and Reform Commission审计署【答案】Audit Office东航【答案】China Eastern Airlines国家馆日【答案】National Pavilion Day上海世博会【答案】Shanghai World expo环幕电影【答案】circular-screen movie低碳经济【答案】low-carbon economy节能减排【答案】energy conservation and emission reduction商品房【答案】commercial residential building市场营销【答案】Marketing节约能源法【答案】Energy Conservation Law原生态【答案】the original way of life应对气候变化国家方案【答案】National Climate Change Program全球财富论坛【答案】Fortune Global ForumII.English-Chinese Translation(60)Passage One(30)The Olympic Games arc an international multi-sport event subdivided intosummer and winter games.They are each held every four years.Until 1992,they were both held in the same year.Since then,they have been separatedtwo years apart.There are more than 20 Summer Olympic sports,including swimming,basketball,soccer,gymnastics，boxing,weight-lifting,yachting,cycling andequestrian events.Skiing,ice-skating and ice hockey are among the 7 WinterGame spoils.A competitor must be the citizen of the country he or sherepresents.No more than three entries from any country are permitted in eachevent(4 in the winter games).Only one team per country is allowed in ateam sport.There are many myths surrounding the origin of the ancient Olympic Games.The most popular legend describes that Heracles was the creator of theOlympic Games and built the Olympic stadium and surrounding buildings asan honor to his father,Zeus after completing his 12 labors.According to thatlegend,he walked in a straight line for 400 strides and called this distance astadium that later also become a distance calculation unit.That is also why amodern stadium is 400 meters in circumference length(1 stadium=400meters).【参考译文】奥运会是具有多竞技项目的国际性体育赛事，分为夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会，每隔四年举行一次。在1992年之前，夏季和冬季奥运会是同年召开的，自1992年以后，则改为相隔两年召开。夏季奥运会有20多个体育比赛项目，包括游泳、篮球、足球、体操、拳击、举重、帆船、自行车、马术。滑雪、滑冰和冰球是冬季奥运会7个项目中的3项。比赛者必须是他或她所代表的国家的公民。一个国家参加任何一项比赛的选手不能超过3名（冬奥会不超过4名），并且只能派一个代表队参加团体体育比赛项目。围绕着古代奥运会的起源有着许多神话传说，在最流行的传说中，赫拉克勒斯是奥运会砖缔造者，为了表示对希腊主神、他的父亲宙斯的崇敬，在完成12项英雄业绩后，他建了奥林匹克体育场及其周围的建筑。根据传说，赫拉克勒斯大步直行400步，然后把这一行走的距离称作“斯塔德”，后来它便成了距离的计算单位，这也是为什么现代体育场周长为400米(1斯塔德=400米)。Passage Two(30)On one of those sober and rather melancholy days,in the latter part ofautumn when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together,and throw a gloom over the decline of the year.I passed j several hours inrambling about Westminster Abbey.There was something congenial to theseason in the mournful magnificence of the old pile;and,as I passed itsthreshold,seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity,and losingmyself among the shades of former ages.I entered from the inner court of Westminster School,through a long,low,vaulted passage that had an almost subterranean look,being dimly lighted inone part by circular perforations in the massive walls.Through this darkavenue 1 had a distant view of the cloisters,with the figure of an old vergerin his black gown,moving along their shadowy vaults,and seeming like aspecter from one of the neighboring tombs.The approach to the abbey through these gloomy monastic remains preparesthe mind for its solemn contemplation.【参考译文】时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连接在一起，不可分别，岁云将暮，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去信步走了几个钟头。古寺巍巍，森森然似有鬼气，和阴沉沉的季候正好相符；我跨进大门，觉得自己好像已经置身远古世界，忘形于昔日的憧憧鬼影之中了。我是从西敏学校的内庭走进去的，先走过一条弧顶的矮矮的长廊，墙壁很厚，墙上有圆孔，略有光线透入，廊中幽暗，幽幽然似在地下行走。黑廊尽头，我远远的看见大寺里的回廊，一个老年香火道人，身穿黑袍，正沿着拱廊阴影里踽踽走去，看起来就像从附近的古坟里爬出来的鬼魂。我从当年僧院遗址那条路进入古寺，景象分外凄凉，我心也更适宜于往凄凉方面冥想了。回廊一带依然保留有几分当年的幽静出世之慨。III.Chinese-English Translation(60)我们将坚定不移坚持中国特色社会主义道路，全面贯彻执行党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验，继续解放思想，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，推进全面建设小康社会进程，不断开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面、谱写人民美好生活新篇章。我们将坚定不移坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的方针，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定，推动海峡两岸关系和平发展，继续为实现祖国完全统一这一中华民族的共同心愿而奋斗。我们将坚定不移坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持和平发展道路，奉行互利共赢的开放战略，在和平共处五项原则基础上同所有国家发展友好合作，继续同世界各国人民一道推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。【参考译文】We will unswervingly follow our path on socialism with Chinesecharacteristics and comprehensively implement the ruling partys basictheory,basic plan,basic program and basic experience.We will maintain ourpolicies of emancipating our thoughts in reform and opening-up,pushingforward scientific development and promote social harmony.We will pushforward the process of comprehensively building a moderately well-offsociety,turning new pages in building a socialism with Chinesecharacteristics,and opening new chapters in making the peoples life better.We will stick to the policy of“peaceful reunification”and“one country,twosystems”to help Hong Kong and Macao remain prosperous and stable,toseek peaceful development of cross-strait relations,and to work for thecomplete reunification of the motherland,which is the common aspiration ofthe Chinese nation.We will unswervingly maintain an independent foreign policy of peace.Wewill follow a path of peaceful development.We will seek a strategy of win-win cooperation based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence.Wewill develop friendly relations and cooperation with all nations.We joinhands with the people from all over the world in pushing forward the loftycause of making the world more peaceful and progressive and building aharmonious world of long-lasting peace and prosperity.2012年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Translation of terms or phrases(30)A.Translate the following English terms and phrases into Chinese(15):P&G【答案】宝洁公司(Procter&Gamble)NBA【答案】全美篮球协会(National Basketball Association)FBI【答案】美国联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation)UPI【答案】合众国际社(United Press International)WIPO【答案】世界知识产权组织(World Intellectual Property Organization)the Republic of Haiti【答案】海地共和国Libiya Dinar【答案】利比亚第纳尔hologram【答案】全息图Information Super Highway【答案】信息高速公路Honda【答案】本田Budweiser【答案】百威啤酒Observer【答案】观察家报The Sun Also Rises【答案】太阳照样升起Al Jazeera Network【答案】半岛电视新闻网The Arabia spring【答案】阿拉伯之春B.Translate the following Chinese terms and phrases into English(15):中央党校【答案】Party School of the Central Committee of CPC九三学社【答案】Jiu San Society中组部【答案】Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee国家民委【答案】State Ethnic Affairs Commission国家体育运动委员会【答案】State Physical Culture and Sports Commission卫生部【答案】Ministry of Health of the Peoples Republic of China最高人民法院【答案】The Supreme Peoples Court of The Peoples Republic of China中国工商银行【答案】Industrial and Commercial Bank of China(ICBC)翻译标准【答案】translation criterion体裁【答案】genre可持续发展【答案】sustainable development回教【答案】Islam祠堂【答案】ancestral temple端午节【答案】Dragon Boat Festival第三产业【答案】tertiary industryII.English-Chinese Translation(60)Passage One(30)The word“winner”and“loser”have many meanings.When we refer to aperson as a winner,we do not mean one who makes someone else lose.Tous,a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible,trustworthy,responsive,and genuine,both as an individual and as a memberof a society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine theyshould be;rather,they are themselves and as such do not use their energyputting on a performance,maintaining pretence,and manipulating others.They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and actingloving,between being stupid and acting stupid,between beingknowledgeable and acting knowledgeable.Winners do not need to hidebehind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their ownknowledge.They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to haveall the answers.They listen to others,evaluate what they say,but come totheir own conclusions.Although winners can admire and respect otherpeople,they are not totally defined,demolished,bound,or awed by them.Winners do not play“helpless”,nor do they play the blaming game.Instead,they assume responsibility for their own lives.【参考译文】“胜利者”与“失望者”有很多含义。当我们谈到某个人是胜利者的时候，我们不是说他通过打倒某人取胜了。在我们看来，胜利者就是一个值得信赖，敢于承担责任并且诚恳的人作为个体或作为社会一员都是如此。成功者行事并不拘泥于某种信条，即便是他们认为应为其奉献一生的理念；而是本色行事，所以并不把精力用来表演，保持伪装或控制他人。他们明白爱与装爱，愚蠢于装傻，博学与卖弄之间迥然有别。成功者无须藏于面具之后。成功者敢于独立思考，敢于运用自己的知识，他们能将事实与观点区分开来，而且不假装知晓一切答案。他们倾听别人的意见，评价他们的观点，同时也得出自己的结论。虽然成功者钦佩他任，尊敬他人，但他们不会完全被他人所决定，所摧垮，所束缚，所吓倒。成功者不会假装无助，也不会怨天尤人。相反，他们承担起自己的生活责任。Passage Two(30)It begins when a feeling of stillness creeps into my consciousness.Everythinghas suddenly gone quiet.Birds do not chirp.Leaves do not rustle.Insects donot sing.The air that has been hot all day becomes heavy.It hangs over the trees,presses the heads of the flowers to the ground,sits on my shoulders.With avague feeling of uneasines