高英Lesson3-Pub-Talk-and-the-King27s-English-(课堂PPT).ppt

Pub Talk and the Kings EnglishLesson Three1 Contents Background information Structural analysis Language features Words&Phrases Figures of Speech2 Background information The author:Henry Fairlie Henry Jones Fairlie(13 January 1924 London,England-25 February 1990 Washington,D.C.)was a British political journalist and social critic.3 Henry Fairlie:He spent 36 years as a prominent freelance writer on both sides of the Atlantic,appearing in The Spectator,The New Republic,The Washington Post,The New Yorker,and many other papers and magazines.Background information4 Most widely held works by Henry Fairlie1.The Life of Politics2.The Kennedy Promise3.The Spoiled Child of the Western World4.The Parties5.The Seven Deadly Sins Today6.Bite the Hand That Feeds You5 The history of English Three stages of English:The Old English/Anglo-Saxon English(449-1066)The Middle English/French-influenced English(1066-1500)The modern English(1500-the present):Early modern English(1500-1800)Late modern English(1800-the present)6 The history of EnglishOld English(449-1066 AD):In 449,the Angles,Saxon,and Jutes from Northwest of Germany conquered the most part of England.7 Middle English(1066-1500):In 1066 William the Conqueror,the Duke of Normandy,invaded and conquered England.(the Norman Conquest)For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division,where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French.In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again,but with many French words added.The history of English8 Early Modern English(1500-1800):From the 16th century,the British had contact with many peoples from around the world.Many Latin and Greek words and phrases entered the language during Renaissance.Spelling and grammar became fixed,and the dialect of London became the standard.In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.Late Modern English(1800-Present):the English colonization of different countries resulted in the creation of a variety of English:American English,Australian English,New Zealand English,Canadian English,South African English and Indian English.Late Modern English has many more words created from the Industrial Revolution and technology,and adopted foreign words from many countries.The history of English9 Norman Conquest1.Reasons for Williams invasion of England after Edwards death:It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William,but the Witan chose Harold as king.So William led his army to invade England.In October 1066,during the important battle of Hastings,William defeated Harold and killed him.One Christmas Day,William was crowned king of England,thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.10 Norman Conquest2.The Norman Conquest and its consequences:The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history.William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers.He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government.So the feudal system was completely established in England.After the Norman Conquest,the general relation of Normans and Saxons was that of master and servant.One of the most striking manifestations of the supremacy of the conquerors was to be seen in the language.11 Writing style a piece of expositionWhat is pub talk?What is Kings English?conversation held in the public housestandard English12 13 Writing style The title:Pub Talk and the Kings EnglishThe title of this piece is not very aptly chosen.The writer illustrates his point by describing the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic“the Kings English.Relationship?pub talkkings Englishwhat makes good conversation.14 StructureStructureMain idea:The writer resumed to the topic of how to make a good conversation.Main idea:What is and what makes a good conversation.Part III:Para.18-21Part II:Para.4-17Part I:Para.1-3Para.4-11:The topic“the kings English”was discussed unawares during a pub talk.Global ReadingGlobal ReadingPara.12-17:Study or reflections done about the kings or queens English.15 Language featuresConversational style:loosely organizedinformal language-to suit the themeReasons for the informal style:1.the title misleadingThe writer talks about the charm of conversation by illustrations:How to Make Good Conversation”The Charm of Conversation”16 Language features2.the thesisWe have two theses here a)The thesis-Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.(Para 1)b)The real thesis-Bar conversation has a charm of its own.(Para 3)3.the transition or digressionpara.5 served as transitionshift general discourse to specific one17 Language features4.two different kinds of language a)colloquial expressions 俗语 on the rocks get out of bed on the wrong side b)literary allusions 文学典故，引喻 in reference to a person;event;story5.mixed metaphors 6.no big and abstract words7.sentence fragments18 Words&Phrases19 intricate(adj):hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships错综错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的 indulge(v.):give way to ones own desire尽情享受；尽情享受；从事于从事于 meander(v.):wander aimlessly or idly；ramble漫步；漫步；闲逛闲逛 delve(v.):investigate for information；search发掘；发掘；调查调查(研究研究)Words20 desultorily(adv.):aimlessly；at random随意地；无目随意地；无目的地的地tart(adj.):sharp in taste；sour；acid辛辣的；尖酸的；辛辣的；尖酸的；刻薄的刻薄的churl(n.):a farm laborer；peasant农民；庄稼人，乡农民；庄稼人，乡下人下人rift(n.):an open break in a previously friendly relationship分裂；失和分裂；失和21 scamper(v.):run or go hurriedly or quickly急驰，快跑急驰，快跑rendering(n.):a translation翻译翻译intercept(v.):seize or stop on the way，before arrival at the intended place拦截；截断；拦截；截断；截击。截击。coin(v.):make up；devise；invent(a new word，phrase，etc)编造；杜撰编造；杜撰(新词、新短新词、新短语等语等)22 tussle(v.):fight，struggle，contend，etcvigorously or vehemently斗争，搏斗；竞争斗争，搏斗；竞争pejorative(adj.):disparaging or derogatory轻蔑的；轻蔑的；贬低的贬低的facetious(adj.):joking or trying to be jocular，espat an inappropriate time滑稽的；诙谐的；滑稽的；诙谐的；(尤指在不适尤指在不适当的时候当的时候)开玩笑的开玩笑的23 edict(n.):an official public proclamation or order issued by authority；decree法令；命令；布告法令；命令；布告immune(adj.):exempt from or protected against something disagreeable or harmful不受影响的；可避不受影响的；可避免的免的chimpanzee(n.)anthropoid ape of Africa，with black hair and large，outstanding ears(非洲非洲)黑猩猩黑猩猩24 in a flash:suddenly,very quickly e.g.：Just wait hereIll be back in a flashon the rocks:(colloq)in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe (婚姻婚姻)破坏的，失败的破坏的，失败的 e.g.:Tims marriage is on the rocks Expressions25 get out the bed on the wrong side:to be cross or grouchy 早晨起来便心情不好早晨起来便心情不好 come into ones own:to receive what properly belongs to one，espacclaim or recognition 得到自己该得的东西，如荣誉或世人的口碑得到自己该得的东西，如荣誉或世人的口碑 lay down:to assert or declare 声明，颁布声明，颁布 e.g.:The regulations lay down a rigid procedure for checking safety equipment 法令规定了一套严格的安检程序法令规定了一套严格的安检程序。26 turn up ones nose at:to sneer at，scorn 嘲笑，轻蔑嘲笑，轻蔑e.g.The children turned up their noses at my home cooking in the shoes of:in anothers position e.g.Im glad Im not in his shoes with all those debts to pay off sit up:(colloq)to become suddenly alert；be surprised or startled 吃惊，警觉吃惊，警觉e.g.:I called her a damned hypocrite and that made her sit up我骂她惺惺作态，她马上警觉起来。我骂她惺惺作态，她马上警觉起来。27 The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.A stream or riverWhich meanders and leapsFireWhich glows and sparksConversation 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准To move aimlessly and random To become lively and exciting The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.To compare a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks.The language used here is characterized by colloquialismBe in a bad mood from the time you get up in the morning for no reason他们之中也许有人面临婚姻破婚姻破裂裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。Figures of Speech28 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each others lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.Bar friendsThe three musketeers in Dumas novel They were very close friends,supporting each other with their lives,they show no curiosity in,nor tired to find out anything about,each others private life.Bar friends,likewise,do not probe deeply into each others lives.Nor do they try to discover the inmost thoughts and feelings of their dinking friends.他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。The glow of the conversation burst into flames.fireWhich bursts into flame,meaning that the conversationSuddenly become warm and lively.闲聊依旧热火朝天。We had traveled in five minutes to Australia.We began to have the conversation about Australia.but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food and the wine.People with great minds;Distinguished eminent people29 The conversation was on wings.As if frying;fast moving and flowingThe conversation soon became heated and livelyWe ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.In the situationMeaning to think as if one were in the position of a Saxon peasantThe Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied,and floated to the ends of the earth.The Elizabethans writers came into their own spreading the language far and wide through their literary writings.伊丽莎白时代的人没费吹灰之力，使其影响日盛，遍及全球.犹如吹蒲公英一般犹如吹蒲公英一般 I have an unending love affair with dictionaries His eager interest in dictionariesis compared to having a love affair with someone.It means that he has always had an intense interest in dictionaries.30 the Kings English slips and slides in conversation.alliterationmetaphorSlide on a slippery surface,lose ones footing,in language that means to move away from accuracy and correct grammar,so the English one use is no longer absolutely correct.When E.M.Forster writes of the sinister corridor of our age,we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.In our age people are traveling along a sinister road doing all kinds of evil things.We suddenly become alter and interested because the phrase used is so vivid and the image created by the metaphor in ones mind is so strong and frightening.Sit up The language used here is characterized by colloquialismSuddenly become alert31 Otherwise one will bind the conversation,one will not let it flow freely here and there.We would never have gone to Australia,or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.Consulting the dictionary in the course of a conversation will restrain the conversation from moving around freely,as if it were tied up with a rope.否则，谈话便会受到妨碍，不能如流水般无拘无束地进行。Describing how the conversation moved from talking about Australia to the language used during the Norman rule in England.If people had started consulting their dictionaries at that time,we would never have talked about such an interesting range of subjects in the conversation.A bitterly satirical sentence,ridiculing people who ruin good conversation by trying to talk“sense”.They behave just like chimpanzees,that have been taught to talk.Chimpanzees,like all other nonhuman animals,are not capable of conversation.sarcasm32 33