河南师范大学生命科学学院822食品科学概论[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编.pdf

目 录 2011 年河南师范大学外国语学院 243 英语考研真题及详解.4 2012 年河南师范大学外国语学院 243 英语考研真题及详解.16 2013 年河南师范大学外国语学院 244 英语考研真题及详解.28 2014 年河南师范大学外国语学院 244 英语考研真题及详解.38 2015 年河南师范大学外国语学院 244 英语考研真题及详解.50 2017 年河南师范大学外国语学院 244 英语考研真题及详解.63 2018 年河南师范大学外国语学院 244 英语考研真题及详解.76 2011 年河南师范大学外国语学院 243 英语考研真题及详解 .Multiple Choice（每小题 1 分，共 20 分）1.Ill do the washing-up.Jack,would you please do the floor?_.A.Yes please.B.No,I dont.C.Yes,sure.D.No,not at all.【答案】C【解析】句意：我要去洗衣服，杰克，你能扫地吗？当然可以。A 项“好的，请吧。”与语境不符。而问句是请别人帮忙，对方否定回答要委婉，不能直接用 No 来回答，只有 C 项最为合适。2.There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _ space,about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A.the,the B.不填,the C.the,不填 D.a,the【答案】B【解析】句意：太空中有超过 58000 个岩石物体，其中大约 900 个可能掉落到地球上。in space“在太空，在宇宙空间”为固定短语，中间不加任何冠词。earth“地球”，在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词 the。on the earth 在地球上。on earth 究竟，到底。由此可知正确答案为 B。3.Jim went to answer the phone._,Harry started to prepare lunch.A.However B.Nevertheless C.Besides D.Meanwhile【答案】D【解析】句意：吉姆去接电话。而与此同时，亨利开始准备午饭。however 不管怎样；然而，可是。nevertheless然而，不过。besides 此外，而且。meanwhile 与此同时。由语境可知此处表示前后两个动作同时发生，故答案选D。4.Joseph _ to evening classes since last month,but he still cant say“whats your name?”in Russian.A.has been going B.went C.goes D.has gone【答案】A【解析】句意：约瑟夫自从上个月以来一直在上夜校，但他仍然还不会用俄语说“你叫什么名字？”。考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语 since last month 可排除 B项和 C 项；现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成或过去发生但强调对现在的影响的事情，现在完成进行时表示到现在为止一直在做某事，强调连续性。由题意应使用现在完成进行时，即选项 A。5.We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.A.finding B.to find C.find D.to be found【答案】B【解析】句意：发现这座古庙仍然处于原始的状态，我们感到很惊讶。考查不定式用法。本题中不定式在形容词后面作为原因状语，be astonished to astonished to see/find/hear/learn 表示“惊讶地看到/发现/听到/得知”，故 B正确。6.Doctors say that exercise is important for health,but it _ be regular exercise.A.can B.will C.must D.may【答案】C【解析】句意：医生说，锻炼对健康很重要，但一定要是定期锻炼。此题考查情态动词。can 能够，可以。will将会。must 一定；必须。may 可以。由题意故选 C。7.We only had$100 and that was _ to buy a new computer.A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhere C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough【答案】A【解析】句意：我们只有 100 美元，怎么也不够买一台新电脑的。考查副词用法。nowhere near 是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词。enough 作副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。故 A 为正确表达方式。8.Thousands of people _ to watch yesterdays match against Ireland A.turned on B.turned in C.turned around D.turned out【答案】A【解析】句意：成千上万的人打开电视机观看昨天对抗爱尔兰的比赛。turn on 打开（电源、水源、电器等）turn in 上缴；交还；内弯。turn around 转身，好转。turn out 结果是。故 A 项与句意最为符合，故选 A。9.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A.although B.unless C.because D.if【答案】C【解析】句意：老人让露西挪到另一张椅子上，因为他想坐在他妻子旁边。由题意可知前后句子为因果关系，故此处用 because 解释原因。10.I _ all the cooking for my family,but recently Ive been too busy to do it.A.will do B.do C.am doing D.had done【答案】B【解析】句意：我一直为全家人做饭，但最近我太忙了没有时间来做。本题考查一般现在时的用法.一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的行为。I do all the cooking for my family 指一直以来都在做的事情。现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，或者表示过去发生的事情延续到现在。故 B正确。11.I agree to his suggestion _ the condition that he drops all charges.A.by B.in C.on D.to【答案】C【解析】句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有的指控。on the condition that 是固定短语，表示“在条件下”。故选 C。12.The new movie _ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.A.promises B.agrees C.pretends D.declines【答案】A【解析】句意：这部新电影有希望成为有史以来最吸金的电影。promise to be“预示有可能发生”，为固定句型，故 A 为正确答案。13.The fact that she was foreign made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country.A.so B.much D.that D.it【答案】D【解析】句意：她是外国人这一事实使她很难在那个国家找到工作。首先 difficult 是形容词，much 后不可接形容词，故排除。该句中的宾语（get a job in that country）太长，因此需要一个代词 it 来做形式宾语。14.Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry.Peter can show you _ to turn an idea into an act.A.how B.who C.what D.where【答案】A【解析】句意：只有想法是没有用的。别担心。彼得可以向你展示如何把想法变为行动。分析句子结构可知，此处是“疑问词动词不定式”代替宾语从句，连接词 how 表示“如何，怎样”，合乎句意，故选 A。15.Alexander Tried to get his work _ in the in medical circles.A.to recognize B.recognizing C.recognize D.recognized【答案】D【解析】句意：亚历山大努力使他的工作成绩在医疗圈内得到认可。get sth.done“使某事/物被做”，为固定句型，故选 D。recognize 辨认出；正式承认，认可。16.Your house is always so neathow do you _ it with three children?A.manage B.serve C.adapt D.construct【答案】A【解析】句意：你的房子总是很整洁带着三个孩子你是怎么做到的？manage 经营，管理；设法做成，努力完成（困难的事）；成功应付（难题）。serve 服务。adapt 采纳；收养。construct 建设。由题意应选 A。17.Helping others is a habit,_ you can learn even at an early age.A.it B.that C.what D.one【答案】D【解析】句意：帮助他们是一个习惯，是一个在很小的时候你就能够学会的习惯。此题考查代词及同位语的用法。it 指代上文出现的同一事物；that 指代可数名词单数或者不可数名词，后面必须有定语修饰；one 指代可数名词单数，表示泛指。本题中 one 与 a habit 构成同位语关系，都表示泛指。故选项 D 为正确答案。18.Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.A.relief B.safety C.defense D.shelter【答案】A【解析】句意：那些患头痛的人将会发现，从这个药物里他们的头疼会得到极大的缓解。relief 宽慰，宽心；（恐惧、忧虑或痛苦过后的）轻松。safety 安全。defense 保护；防卫。shelter 庇护；避难所。故 A 项符合题意。19.Her father is very rich._ She wouldnt accept his help even if it were offered.A.What for?B.So what?C.No doubt.D.No wonder.【答案】B【解析】句意：她父亲非常富裕。那又怎么样？即使主动给她帮助，她也不会接受的。表示“那又怎样，那又如何”用“So what?”。What for 表示“为了什么”。No doubt 表示“毫无疑问”。No wonder 表示“不足为奇；难怪”。20.Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.A.heavy B.smooth C.flexible D.complex【答案】C【解析】句意：在外工作的妈妈们应该有灵活的工作时间以方便她们照顾孩子。flexible 灵活的，可变通的。heavy沉重的；过度的；繁重的。smooth 光滑的；细腻的；流畅的。complex 复杂的；合成的。故只有 C 项符合题意。.Cloze(每小题 0.5 分，共 10 分)When I first entered university,my aunt,who is an English professor,gave me a new English dictionary.I was(21)_ to see that it was an English-English dictionary,also known as a monolingual dictionary.(22)_ it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners,none of my classmates had one(23)_,to be honest,I found it extremely(24)_ to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and(25)_ not fully understand the meanings.I was used to the(26)_ bilingual dictionaries,in which the words are(27)_ both in English and Chinese.I really wondered why my aunt(28)_ to make things so difficult for me.Now,after studying English at university for three years,I(29)_ that monolingual dictionaries are(30)_ in learning a foreign language.As I found out,there is,(31)_,often no perfect equivalence between two(32)_ in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to(33)_ that a Chinese“equivalent”can never give you the(34)_ meaning of a word in English!(35)_,she insisted that I read the definition of a word in a monolingual dictionary(36)_ I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.(37)_,I have come to see what she meant.Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a(n)(38)_ number of words,around 2,000,in its definitions.When I read these definitions,I am(39)_ exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.(40)_ this,I can express myself more easily in English.21.A.worried B.sad C.surprised D.nervous 22.A.Because B.Although C.Unless D.If 23.A.but B.so C.or D.and 24.A.difficult.B.interesting C.ambiguous D.practical 25.A.thus B.even C.still D.again 26.A.new B.familiar C.earlier D.ordinary 27.A.explained B.expressed C.described D.created 28.A.offered B.agreed C.decided D.happened 29.A.imagine B.recommend C.predict D.understand 30.A.natural B.better C.easier D.convenient 31.A.at B.in fact C.at times D.in case 32.A.words B.names C.ideas D.characters 33.A.hope B.declare C.doubt D.tell 34.A.exact B.basic C.translated D.expected 35.A.Rather B.However C.Therefore D.instead 36.A.when B.before C.until D.while 37.A.Largely B.Generally C.Gradually D.Probably 38.A.extra B.average C.total D.limited 39.A.repeatedly B.nearly C.immediately D.anxiously 40.A.According to B.In relation to C.In addition to D.Because of【答案与解析】21.C 由下文可知，作者是一个中国大学生，尽管这本词典是专为非英语母语的学习者设计的，但作者及其同学从前从没用过这样的词典，所以当作者看到英英词典的时候，他是感到“吃惊的”，而不是“焦虑的”“伤心的”或“紧张的”，故 C 符合题意。22.B 前后两句在意义上是让步关系，“尽管这本词典是专为非英语母语的学习者设计的，但我的同学中，没有一个人从前有过这样的词典”，所以用 although 引导让步状语从句。而 A 项 because 引导原因状语从句；unless 和 if 引导条件状语从句。故选 B。23.D 此处是一个并列连词，连接前后两句。前句表达的是“以前没用过这样的词典”，后面又说“开始用时很难”，两句应是并列关系，所以用 and。but 表转折；so 表因果；or 表选择。故选 D。24.A 作者开始使用英英词典时不太习惯，且下文提到“并不能完全理解意思”，由此可推测此处意为“用起来很难”，故应填 difficult。interesting 有趣味的。ambiguous 模糊的，模棱两可的。practical 实用的。25.C 句中有否定词 not 和副词 fully，所以应用 still，表示“仍然不能够完全”的意思。26.B be used to 表示“习惯于”，对作者来说应是习惯了“熟悉的”双语词典。故 familiar（熟悉的）符合题意。27.A 该句为定语从句，根据常识：在词典中单词的意思是被“解释出来”的，所以用 explained。express 表达。describe 描述。create 创造。28.C 该句句意为“我真纳闷我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我”。decide to do sth.决定做某事。offer to do（主动地）提供，给予（帮助等）。agree to do 同意做某事。happen to do 碰巧。故只有 C 项符合题意。29.D 联系上下文，过去我会纳闷姑妈为什么给我英英词典，但经过三年的英语学习，明白了英英词典的好处。understand 理解，懂得。imagine 想象。recommend 推荐。predict 预测。30.B 此句中将monolingual dictionaries 和 bilingual dictionaries 作比较，A和 D 项没有用比较级；better 强调更好，更实用；而 easier 表达句意与原文不符。故选 B。31.B 该句句意为“实际上，两种语言之间的两个词没有完全的对应”。in fact 实际上，事实上。at best 至多；充其量。at times 有时。in case 万一，以防。显然 A、C、D 项不合语境。故选 B。32.A 从下文的“姑妈甚至还声称汉语意译不能给出一个英语单词的确切意思”可知，两种语言之间的两个单词是没有完全的对应的，故填 words（单词）。33.B 句意为“我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意译无法给出一个英语单词的确切意思。”declare 声称。hope 希望。doubt怀疑。tell 告诉；区别。A、C、D 三项均不合语境，故 B项最为合适。34.A 句意同上。exact 确切的。basic 基本的。translated 被翻译的。expected 被期望的。因此 A 项最符合题意。35.C 从上文可知，姑妈不认可双语词典，“所以她坚持要我在想要更好理解某个单词的词义时，去读英英词典的单词释义”。由此可判断前后为因果关系，故填 therefore。rather 而是。however 可是，然而。instead 相反，而，却。36.A 表示“当时候”，用 when 引导时间状语从句。而 before 通常指“在之前”；until 指“直到时候”；while 指“在的同时”。37.C 该句的谓语 have come to see 表示变化过程，所以用 gradually 表示“渐渐地”。largely 在很大程度上；多半；主要地。generally 一般地，广泛地，普遍地；大体而言。probably 很可能。38.D 从后面的“around 2,000”可知词典中用于解释词义的词汇量是有限的。limited 有限的。extra 额外的。average 平均的，普通的。total 总的。39.A 由题意，“在有限的范围内，查阅阅读释义的话，就会反复接触基本词汇、学会这些词汇怎样用来解释事物和观点”，所以用 repeatedly 表示“反复地，经常地”。nearly 几乎。immediately 立刻，马上。anxiously着急地。40.D 根据逻辑分析，下文的“我能用英语更流利地表达自己”应该是“因为”使用了这本词典的缘故。because of 因为。according to 根据。in relation to 关于，有关，涉及。in addition to 除此之外，而且。故 D 项符合题意。.Translation from Chinese into English with the Given Words（每小题 2 分，共 10 分）41.这本杂志花了我 20 多元。(cost)【答案】This magazine cost me over twenty yuan.42.雨天我总是比平时起得晚。（than)【答案】I always get up later than usual on the rainy days.43.看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。（turn)【答案】Seeing Grandmother was sleepy,he drew the curtain together and turned down the TV.44.乍一看，这块手表没有什么特别之处，但实际上它是一部手机。(there be)【答案】Theres nothing special about this watch at first sight,but actually it is a mobile phone.45.我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论，就尽早让公众知晓。(once)【答案】We agreed that once the research conclusion was made,it would be made public as soon as possible.Translation from English into Chinese(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)Equal are the generous gifts granted by Nature to all human individuals,be they wealthy or impoverished.Therefore,all human individuals have become unanimously and profoundly indebted to Nature.This is particularly true in rural areas where ways of life have remained intact and unchanged for people for thousands of yearssowing crops and grapes,brewing and drinking wines,grazing and milking cows,hoeing grasses and planting flower-trees,going to churches for religious prayers and services on weekends,playing musical instruments,dancing and singing on squares.The fields in former times are still their present-day homes glowing with human warmth.In such a way,each locality has evolved its own unique folk tales and has transmitted its distinctive habits and customs.【参考译文】大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然全都一致并深深地依赖着，尤其在乡间。上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着，种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花，在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。.Reading Comprehension（每小题 2 分，共 30 分）Passage One A recent study,published in last weeks Journal of the American Medical Association,offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver.Indeed,a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone.By contrast,the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m.,and especially after midnight,with passengers in the car,the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss,a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center,says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with really stupid behavior than with a lack of driving experience.“The basic issue,”He says,“is that adults who are-responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate（使缓解）the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems,in which getting a license is a multistage process.A graduated license requires that a teenager first,prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult,followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions,before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes,according to recent studies.About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place,but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers,California is the strictest,with a novice（新手）driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.46.Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?A)Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.B)A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C)Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D)A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.47.According to Robert Foss,the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _.A)their frequent driving at night B)their improper way of driving C)their lack of driving experience D)their driving with passengers 48.According to Paragraph 3,which of the following statement is TRUE?A)Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B)Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C)Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.D)The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers driving accidents.49.A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers,driving accidents is that _.A)driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule B)they should be prohibited from taking on passengers C)they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.D)the licensing system should be improved 50.The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system _.A)is under discussion B)is about to be set up C)has been put into effect D)has been perfected【答案与解析】46.B 从文中第一段“A recent studyoffers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver”以及第二段中“the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m.,and especially after midnight,With passengers in the car,the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident”可知在夜间搭乘未成年人的车是很危险的。故 B项正确。47.C 文章第三段提到“the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with really stupid behavior than with just a lack of driving experience”意即“未成年驾驶者的高死亡率更多的应归咎于缺乏驾驶经验而不是愚蠢的行为”。故 C 项符合题意。48.D 第三段中指出，“The basic issueis that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”即基本的问题在于那些负责发放驾驶执照的人们没有意识到开车是件复杂并且需要熟练技术的工作。因此选项 D 说法正确。49.D 文中第四段提到，“Both he and the a