国际关系学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题详解.pdf

目录2011年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译：英译汉（每题1分，总共15分)1European monetary integration【答案】欧洲货币整合2fuel economic growth【答案】拉动经济增长3junk bond【答案】垃圾债券4caller ID telephone【答案】来电显示5parkinsonism【答案】帕金森6solar cell plate【答案】太阳能电池板7open-ended fund【答案】开放型基金8Gall up Poll【答案】盖洛普民意测验9conditions-based withdrawal【答案】有条件撤军10ATM【答案】自动取款机11HDTV【答案】高清晰度电视12IDD【答案】国际直拨长途电话（International Direct Dial）13CPI【答案】居民消费指数14ASAP【答案】尽快（As Soon As Possible）15APEC【答案】亚太经合组织二、词语翻译：汉译英（每题1分，总共15分)1谈判筹码【答案】bargain chips2黑金【答案】Black Gold3超国民待遇【答案】super-national treatment4离岛免税政策【答案】offshore duty-free policy5弱势群体【答案】Disadvantaged Groups6积分制【答案】integrating system7自主招生【答案】independent recruitment8国家出入境检验检疫局【答案】CHINA ENTRY-EXIT INSPECTION AND QUARANTINEBUREAU(CIQ)9霸王条款【答案】imparity clause10暗箱操作【答案】under the table/backroom deal11爱心工程【答案】Loving Care Project12国家科技进步奖【答案】National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology13在职博士生【答案】on-job doctorate14大病统筹【答案】comprehensive arrangement for serious disease15论资排辈【答案】be promoted according to status or seniority三、英汉互译：英译汉（每篇60分，总共分，总共60分）I established a new High Level Panel on Global Sustainability,co-chaired bythe Presidents of Finland and South Africa.I am sure you will be pleased toknow that Administrator of the China Meteorological Administration,and adistinguished alumnus of this university,is a member of the Panel.I haveasked this Panel to offer a vision for sustainable development and prosperityfor a planet under increasing pressure.I have asked them to find integratedsolutions to the global challenges of poverty,climate change,water,food,and energy security.These problems are interconnected.The Panel willreport back by the end of 2011.Its work will venture into many issues,manysectors,many cross-cutting areas.I have asked the Panel members to thinkbig,to be bold and ambitious not to shy away from controversy.And I haveasked them to be strategic and practical.Their recommendations must bepolitically viable and lead to tangible progress.Their findings will feed intointergovernmental processes,such as the climate change negotiations.Theywill play a key part in the Rio 2012 Earth Summit,twenty years after worldleaders agreed on Agenda 21,our blueprint for sustainable development.We are seeing some progress on important issues,such as adaptation,technology cooperation and steps to reduce deforestation.I also believe therehas been some progress on financing,both on mobilizing 30 billion dollars offast-start finding over the next three years and also on the 100 billion dollarsa year envisioned by 2020.I am,however,3 concerned about slow progressin other areas.Among them:setting mitigation targets，monitoring andverification，and the future of the Kyoto Protocol.We must not allowmomentum to stall.We must not jeopardize the gains we have made.The UNFCCC process must go forward in Cancun in December I am therefor calling on all member states,all governments of the world to worktogether in a spirit of compromise and common sense.Progress onadaptation,technology cooperation,deforestation and finance can achievepowerful results,results that can offer hope and change the lives of hundredsof millions of people,particularly the worlds poorest and most vulnerable.【参考译文】我与芬兰总统、南非总统共同成立了全球可持续问题高级别小组。我相信当你们得知中国气象局局长也是这个高级小组的成员时一定很高兴，此外，他也是贵校的杰出校友。我已经恳请小组展望人类未来实现可持续发展和在越来越大的压力下实现地球繁荣的可能性。我也请求小组为全球应对各种挑战，包括贫穷、气候变化，水危机、食品危机以及能源安全提供综合解决方案。小组将在2011年底提供解决报告。这一工作将涉及多个领域，穿插于多个问题之中。我要求小组成员放开他们的思维，大胆想象，不要逃避分歧。同时，我还要求他们具有战略性眼光，务实工作。他们的相关建议需要在政治上可行，让工作获得实实在在的进步。他们的研究成果将在政府间交流中得到讨论，包括气候变化谈判。他们将是2012年里约热内卢地球峰会的主要组成部分，这离世界各国领导人提出21世纪议程实现可持续发展的蓝图，已经过去20年了。我们可以看到，在许多重要问题上，例如适应发展、技术合作，减少森林砍伐上，我们取得了一些进步。同时，我也相信，在资金支持上也有着一些进步。在未来30年，300亿美元将作为快速启动资金获得使用。并且在2020年之前，每年投入1000亿美元的承诺。然而，在其他一些领域，我也非常担忧其停滞不前的发展。例如设立减排目标、监督核查机制以及京都议定书的有效期问题。我们一定不能让经济发展的势头停滞。我们一定不能危及我们已经取得的成绩。十二月，联合国气候变化框架公约将继续在坎昆推进。因此，我呼吁各国政府共同努力，发扬互谅互让的精神。我们在适应新发展、技术合作，减少森林砍伐以及加大投资力度方面以及取得了许多有力的成果。这些成果给我们带来了希望，可以改变数以亿计人民的生活，尤其是世界最贫穷、最脆弱人民的生活。四、英汉互译：汉译英(每篇60分，总共60分)亚太新兴市场国家快速发展，直接改变了许多国家和地区的落后面貌，改善了亿万人民生活，为缩小发展差距、减少贫困人口、实现联合国千年发展目标做出重要贡献。亚太新兴市场国家积极参与国际经贸合供应大量能源和原材料，为其他国家发展提供了充足资源；出口物美价廉的工业制成品，为各国提供了丰富多样的商品；进口大量商品和服务，为世界经济增长提供了市场和动力；吸纳巨额外资，为国际资本流动提供了重要目的地。国际社会应该同亚太新兴市场国家一道努力，通过广泛的沟通与合作来抓住机遇，挖掘潜力，促进各国共同发展繁荣。【参考译文】The rapid development of emerging markets in Asia-Pacific has changed thestate of backwardness in many countries and regions and improved the livesof hundreds of millions of people.It has contributed significantly to theendeavor to narrow development gaps,reduce poverty and attain the UNMillennium Development Goals(MDGs).The Asia-Pacific emergingmarkets have actively engaged in international business cooperation.Bysupplying a huge amount of energy and raw materials,they have providedsufficient resources for the development of other countries.By exportingquality yet inexpensive manufactured products,they have offered a richvariety of goods to other markets.By importing goods and services on a largescale,they have provided market and dynamism for world economic growth.And by attracting vast foreign direct investment,they have made themselvesmajor destinations for international capital flow.Looking ahead,emergingmarkets in the Asia Pacific will offer even more opportunities for worldeconomic development in terms of resources,goods,market and capital.Theinternational community should work with them to seize opportunities,tapthe potential and promote the common development and prosperity of allcountries.2012年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译：英译汉(每题1分，总共15分)1universal suffrage【答案】普选权2totalitarianism【答案】极权主义3equity capital【答案】权益资本4multi-polarization【答案】多极化5for-profit company【答案】营利性机构6initial public offering【答案】新股发行7Keynesian economics【答案】凯恩斯经济学8bilateralism【答案】双边主义/互惠主义9tabloidization【答案】媚俗化/市井化10fudge and mudge【答案】含糊其辞，模棱两可11IP【答案】网际协议；工业生产；项目处理；位置辨识12IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织13ETS【答案】美国教育考试服务中心14ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟15UNEP【答案】联合国环境规划署二、词语翻译：汉译英(每题1分，总共15分)1优惠政策【答案】preferential policy2全球贸易保护主义【答案】global trade protectionism3新兴繁荣的国家【答案】burgeoning nations4防务磋商【答案】defense consultations5最高人民检察院【答案】Supreme Peoples Procuratorate of the Peoples Republic of China6基层行政机构【答案】grass-root authorities7俄罗斯国家杜马【答案】the State Duma of Russia8软硬兼施【答案】carrot and stick9模拟太空舱【答案】mock-up spacecraft10男女平等【答案】gender equity11贫困指数【答案】misery index12网规【答案】netiquette13特权阶层【答案】privileged class14强强联合【答案】megamerger15不劳而获【答案】reap without sowing/profit by other peoples toil三、英汉互译：英译汉(每篇60分，总共60分)At every turn,we see cutting edge ideas and technology,born perhaps in acollege laboratory or a library,through the spark of a professor,the curiosityof a student,the dynamism of a classroom.The United Nations understandsthe enormous impact of scholarship,innovation and ideas.We are trying toharness that great power to build a better world.A world where humaningenuity will make our homes,communities and consumption patternssocially and environmentally sustainable.A world where research receivesthe finding and support it needs to defeat disease,deprivation and despair.Aworld where the“unlearning”of intolerance will bridge barriers that stilldivide nations and peoples.Promoting and advancing these goals is the essence of the United NationsAcademic Impact We have been laying the groundwork for this initiative forsome time now,with great support from the academic community.It willhelp serve as a clearing house to better match academic innovation withparticular areas of work of the United Nations neglected areas of research,countries in need of specific help,research that will help deliver concretechange on the ground,and the best ideas to achieve the MillenniumDevelopment Goals by 2015.-We can do together in the future.The UN andthe academic community already enjoy a strong partnership.AcademicImpact will deepen it further for the twenty-first century.We know aboutcorporate social responsibility in the business world.The Academic Impactaims to generate a global movement of minds to promote a new culture of“intellectual social responsibility.”It is animated by a commitment to certainbedrock principles.Among them:freedom of inquiry,opinion and speech,educational opportunity for all,global citizenship,sustainability anddialogue.The United Nations stands ready to be an active partner with you inensuring that your knowledge,skills and scholarship advance our universalgoals of peace,development and human rights.Thank you for comingtogether in support of these noble goals.【参考译文】我们的周围时刻发生着变化，产生着新发明。无论在校园实验室里，还是在大学图书馆中，教授们的思想火花，学生们的好奇善问，课堂的活力互动常常孕育出最前沿的理念与技术。联合国十分清楚知识、创新和理念的巨大作用。我们正努力利用这些巨大的能量来建造一个更美好的世界。在这个世界里，人类的聪明才智将发挥作用，我们将建造新型的家园、社区，使用社会可持续发展和环境可持续发展的消费模式。在这里，人们将投入更多的资金，加大对研究的支持，努力消除贫困，减少饥饿，增强信心。在这里，人们将更加宽容，分割不同国家与民族之间的壁垒将减少。本届学术影响力国际研讨会的核心便是推动这些目标的实现。为了促成这个项目的展开，在学术界的支持下，我们已经作了一些时日的准备工作，奠定了基础。将学术创新与联合国工作的特定领域(却被研究忽视的领域)，与需要特殊援助的相关国家，与能产生具体变化的研究，与实现2015年千年发展目标的最好方式相结合，起到了“结算中心”的作用。我们在未来可以携手合作，共同面对。联合国与学术界已经建立了强有力的伙伴关系。“学术影响力”将在21世纪进一步加深这一关系。我们了解商界企业的社会责任是什么。“学术影响力”旨在通过创立全球论坛，集合最有智慧的思想，支持“知识社会责任”的新文化建设。对一些基本原则的坚持，则使其更具活力。这些原则包括：提出询问的自由，发表言论与观点的自由，所有人获得教育的权利，全球公民身份的获得，可持续发展和发展对话。联合国愿意积极与各位合作，确保你们的知识、技能、学识能够得到应用，推动实现维护和平、促进发展和保障人权的共同目标。四、英汉互译：汉译英(每篇60分，总共60分)我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是：经济增长的资源环境约束强化，投资与消费关系失衡，收入分配差距较大，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展不协调，就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存，制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多；服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映的商题没有根本解决，主要是：优质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均；物价上涨压力加大，部分城市房价涨幅过高；违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多；食品安全问题比较突出；一些领域腐败现象严重。我们一定要加快解决这些问题，让人民满意!【参考译文】We still have a serious problem in that our development is not yet wellbalanced,coordinated or sustainable.This manifests itself mainly in thefollowing:growing resource and environmental constraints hinderingeconomic growth,imbalance between investment and consumption,largeincome gap,insufficient scientific and technological innovation capabilities,an irrational industrial structure,continued weakness in the agriculturalfoundation,uneven development between urban and rural areas and betweenregions,the coexistence of overall pressure to expand employment andstructural shortage of qualified personnel in some industries,defects insystems and mechanisms that hinder scientific development,and our failureto meet targets set in the Eleventh Plan-the value-added of the servicesector,its share in total employment,and spending on R&D as a percentageof GDP.Moreover,we have not yet fundamentally solved a number of issuesthat the masses feel strongly about,namely the lack of high-qualityeducational and medical resources,and their uneven distribution;increasingupward pressure on prices,exorbitant housing price increases in some cities;increasing social problems resulting from illegal land expropriations andhousing demolitions;significant problems concerning food safety;andrampant corruption in some areas.We must therefore have a strong sense ofresponsibility toward the country and the people and work tirelessly andpainstakingly to solve these problems more quickly to the satisfaction of thepeople.2013年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译：英译汉(每题1分，总共15分)1reciprocity in trade【答案】贸易互惠性2Ramadan【答案】斋月3infortainment【答案】信息娱乐4aircraft carrier【答案】航空母舰5non-performing loan【答案】不良贷款6cost performance【答案】性价比7state fund allotment【答案】国家财政调拨8outsource【答案】外包9free-lance professionals【答案】自由职业者10home game【答案】主场比赛11IAEA【答案】国际原子能机构12FTP【答案】文件传输协议13TEFL【答案】英语外语教学14OPEC【答案】石油输出国家组织15SCO【答案】上合组织二、词语翻译：汉译英(每题1分，总共15分)1应试教育【答案】exam-oriented education2诺贝尔奖得主【答案】Nobel Laureate3知识产权【答案】intellectual property4不结盟运动【答案】non-aligned movement5城乡低保【答案】urban and rural recipients of cost of living allowances6对口支援【答案】pairing-assistance7扶贫、脱贫【答案】poverty reduction and elimination8灰色收入【答案】income from moonlighting9关税壁垒【答案】customs barrier/tariff wall/tariff barrier10拳头产品【答案】competitive products/knockout product11试用期【答案】probationary period12民办教师【答案】citizen-managed teachers13人口老龄化【答案】aging of population14中央纪律检查委员会【答案】Central Commission for Discipline and Inspection15山寨手机【答案】emulational mobile phone三、英汉互译：英译汉(每篇60分，总共60分)People in China generally agree that it is important to celebrate the country srich history,but its culture police think there is too much of the wrong kindof celebrating going on.Two agencies,the Ministry of Culture and the StateAdministration of Cultural Heritage,have banned the promotion of negativehistorical figures or literary works for tourism purposes,theoretically endinga longstanding practice by Chinese cities of playing up their ties to racycultural icons like the lustful Ximen Qing through festivals,theme parks andmerchandise.A few lucky destinations in China,like Mao s hometown of Shaoshan inHunan province,are blessed with the notoriety of a state-approved celebrity,allowing them to rake in tourism dollars.But for most Chinese towns,bringing in tourists is hard work,which is made easier if they can stake aclaim to someone famous，whether real mythical or literary.Disputes canflare up among towns claiming to be the original homes of the same popularcharacter.Just before the Ministry of Culture announced the new rules,Loufan county in Shanxi declared itself hometown of the Monkey King,challenging the same claim made first by Lianyugang City in Jiangsu,according to a recent article on Xinhua s English-language website.Critics say that this kind of cultural infighting is embarrassing to China,especially when attracting foreign dollars is the motive.It is better if thesecities manage and protect their own cultural heritage and intangible culturalresources,rather than compete with each other and humiliate themselves.In the past,tourist stunts by Chinese towns have been heavily frowned uponby the public.A sex theme park in southwestern China was demolishedbefore it even opened，after inciting widespread condemnation.Earlier thisyear，public outcry forced government officials in Zhangjiajie to back awayfrom plans to rename a local mountain Avatar Hallelujah Mountain1 after thepopular Hollywood movie.The latest crackdown,however,goes further thanany one campaign and promises to lay out strict guidelines for what isappropriate cultural celebration in the coming weeks.【参考译文】中国人总的来说都认为中国的悠久历史值得宣扬，但中国的文化管理部门却认为，一些地方在对历史文化进行不合理宣扬方面做得太过分了。中国文化部和国家文物局已禁止出于发展旅游业的目的炒作负面文化现象、历史人物和文艺形象，从理论上说，这将终止中国一些城市长期以来通过节庆、主题公园和某些商品来宣扬自己与西门庆等低俗文化形象间联系的做法。中国像毛泽东的家乡湖南韶山等为数不多的几个地区，由于出了中国经国家认可的名人，因此可以幸运地借助名人吃上旅游饭。但对中国大多数城镇来说，招徕游客却不是件易事，但如果它们能与某位名人拉上关系，不管这人是真实存在的，神话传说中的还是文学作品里的，则有利于它们吸引游客。如果两个以上城镇同时宣称自己是某位名人的故里，它们之间就会爆发争执。新华社英文网站上最近刊登的一篇文章说，就在中国文化部宣布上述新规定之前，山西娄烦县刚刚宣布自己是美猴王孙悟空的老家，这对此前已宣称自己是孙大圣故里的江苏连云港市构成了挑战。批评人士说，这种文化争夺战令中国尴尬，特别是当争斗的动机是为吸引海外游客时。这些城市应该管理和保护好自己的文化遗产和无形文化资源，而不是相互竞争，自取其辱。以往，中国公众曾对一些城镇为发展旅游业而使的花招非常不满。中国西南一座性主题公园甚至在开张前就被拆毁了，此前这座公园曾招致了广泛谴责。今年早些时候，公众舆论迫使湖南张家界的政府官员放弃了将当地一座山峰改名为“阿凡达哈利路亚峰”的计划。哈利路亚峰是好莱坞大片阿凡达中的一座山峰。这次整治行动的规模要大于以往任何一次，行动承诺会在未来几周内制定出如何正确举办文化庆典活动的指导原则。四、英汉互译：汉译英(每篇60分，总共60分)近些年来，中国与印度经济均实现了迅猛增长。全球金融危机过后，德国经济去年萎缩了约5%，印度和中国经济却分别增长8%左右。全球当前的复苏主要由新兴国家拉动-尤其是印度和中国。“金砖四国”将成为全球经济的增长动力。像德国这样的国家，将从这一趋势中获益。目前德国是中国在欧洲最大的贸易伙伴国，而中国是德国在亚洲最重要