大连海事大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）2016年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）2011年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following words,phrases,abbreviations or idiomsinto their target language respectively.There are altogether 30 items in thispart of the test,15 in English and 15 in Chinese,with one point for each.(30)1liberal translation【答案】意译2MT【答案】磁带（Magnetic Tape）；平均时间（Mean Time）；军事训练（Military Training）3Foreignizaton【答案】异化4firex【答案】灭火器（Fire Extinguisher）5CPU【答案】中央处理机（Central Processing Unit）6Handle with Care【答案】小心轻放7telecom【答案】电信8Lot Number【答案】批号9keep cool【答案】保持冷静10National Peoples Congress【答案】全国人民代表大会11New York Times【答案】纽约时报12Jane Eyre【答案】简爱13ISO【答案】国际标准化组织（International Standardization Organization）14clockwise【答案】顺时针方向15key drive【答案】键驱动16基督教【答案】Christianity17孔子【答案】Confucius18生态学【答案】ecology19公共关系【答案】PR(public relation)20故宫博物院【答案】the Palace Museum21联合国安理会【答案】the united nations security council22勿踏草地【答案】Keep off the grass.23申请表【答案】application form24中庸【答案】The Doctrine of Mean25经济措施【答案】economic measures26翻译的标准【答案】criteria of translation27发票号【答案】invoice number28目的港【答案】destination port29经济特区【答案special economic zones30仲裁【答案】arbitrationII.Directions:Translate the following three source texts into their targetlanguage respectively.(20)Source Text 1:The two registers of commerce and journalism meet in the language ofadvertising.The advertiser sees his product through rose-colored spectacles,and the public for whom he caters gets into the way of making allowances forhis optimism.When a restaurant advertises a lunch consisting of“richgolden-brown seafood with superfine French fried potatoes as a side-dish”,afew moments of thoughts are needed before the customer realizes that whathe has been offered is in fact fish and.chips.Advertisements offeringproperty for sale have become notorious for their use of genteel euphemisms.If you bang your head whenever you go upstairs,it is some consolation toknow that you have bought“a dwelling house of character”.On toiling up asteep hill to reach the house,you may remember that the advertisement said“the site is pleasantly elevated”,and if you have some difficulty in findingthe house at all,that simply confirms the advertisers statement that it is“delightfully secluded in a unique away from it all position”.Key wordsregister 语域rose-colored 乐观的【参考译文】商业和广告这两个语域在广告语言中相遇了。广告人乐观地看待自己的产品，但是他所迎合的大众让他的乐观受到了打击。一家餐厅打出一则午餐广告，上头写道：“浓郁的金黄色海鲜，另有法式炸土豆作为配菜”，顾客看到这则广告可能要思量一会儿才反应过来，广告里头说的实际上就是鱼和土豆条。房地产销售广告因为广告语委婉文雅而因此臭名昭著。如果你上楼时磕到了头，用房地产广告语中安慰的话说，你买了“一所有个性的房子”；当你辛苦爬上一条陡坡才到达家时，你会想起广告中提到的“楼层高，视野广阔，令你身心愉悦”；如果你找不到住房地址，这就印证了广告中提到的这所住房“隐居在一个远离一切事物的地方，那个地方独特且讨人喜欢”。Source Text 2:Sir Ernest Gowers,who cannot be accused of excessive tenderness towardsverbosity,defends that of legal documents:“It is the duty of a draftsman of these authoritative texts to try to imagineevery possible combination of circumstances to which his words might applyand every conceivable misinterpretation that might be put on them,and totake precautions accordingly.He must avoid all graces,not be afraid ofrepetitions,or even of identifying them by aforesaid;he must eschew allpronouns when their antecedents might possibly be open to dispute andgenerally avoid every possible grammatical ambiguity.”Key wordsSir Ernest Gowers 欧内斯特高尔斯爵士verbosity 冗长的话【参考译文】欧内斯特高尔斯爵士认为，在法律文件中谁也不能被指责语言冗杂或过度温柔。他认为，一位起草权威文本的人士要担负起以下责任：他要同时想象到他的言辞适用的情况以及任何一种可设想到的对他言辞误解的情况，然后采取相应的预防措施；他要避开任何优雅的表达，不要担心文字的重复，也不用担心频繁地使用“上述的”这类的字眼；他要避免使用任何先行词有争议的代词，避免任何可能存在的语法歧义。Source Text 3:方言是一群具有某些共同的非语言特征的人所使用的一种语言的次类。我们难以找到一个能够准确区分方言和语言的定义，因为方言和语言的区别不是绝对的，任何刻板的定义都是不确切的。英国英语和美国英语是同一语言的两种方言，这一点似乎是很清楚的。各国所使用的各种不同的英语跟英国英语一样，都是同一语言的地方方言，为方便起见都被称为英语。但是，有些语言的变体既不能和社会团体联系起来，也不能和个人联系起来，而只能和使用的场合联系起来。这种变体叫作语域，它们在言语中的重要性终于开始被人们认识到了。语域的研究可以当作是在使用语言的语境中考察语言。Key words非语言 non-linguistic次类 sub-division【参考译文】A dialect is a sub-division of a language used by a group of people who sharecertain common non-linguistic features.Its hard to give a definition that candefinitely distinguish dialect from language,for the difference between themis not absolute.In other words,any rigid definition is not accurate.It appears to be clear that British English and American English are twodialects of the same language-English.Like British English,various kinds ofEnglish applied by different countries are different dialects of English.Butfor the sake of convenience,they are all simply called as English.However,variations in some languages are neither associated with socialgroups nor connected with individuals,but only with situations where theyare used.Such variations are called registers,whose importance has finallybeen noticed by us.The study of register can be regarded as the study oflanguage in the context of using language.2012年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following words,phrases,abbreviations or idiomsinto their target language respectively.There are altogether 30 items in thispart of the test,15 in English and 15 in Chinese,with one point for each.(30)1Pride and Prejudice【答案】傲慢与偏见2criteria of translation【答案】翻译的准则3Financial Times【答案】金融时报4Cloak Room【答案】行李寄存室；衣帽间5North Atlantic Treaty Organization【答案】北大西洋公约组织6translation ethics【答案】翻译伦理7computer-assisted translation【答案】电脑辅助翻译8IMO【答案】国际海事组织（International Maritime Organization）9Birds of a feather flock together.【答案】物以类聚，人以群分。10telecom【答案】电信11Keep Dry【答案】保持干燥，勿使受潮。12UN Security Council【答案】联合国安理会13Journey to the West【答案】西游记14domestication【答案】驯养；教化15Ministry of State Security【答案】国家安全部16翻译的原则【答案】principles of translation17异化翻译【答案】foreignizing translation18机器翻译【答案】machine translation19魂断蓝桥【答案】Waterloo Bridge20遥控器【答案】remote-control unit21民政部【答案Ministry of Civil Affairs22白宫【答案】the White House23目的地【答案】destination24联合国秘书长【答案】UNSG(Secretary General of the United Nations)25有其父必有其子。【答案】The apple does not fall far from the tree.26圣经【答案】Bible27音译【答案】transliteration28形式对等【答案】formal equivalence29翻译硕士【答案】MTI(Master of Interpreting and Translation)30跨文化交际【答案】cross-cultural communicationII.Directions:Translate the following source texts into their target languagerespectively.(120)Source Text 1:To keep Mothers Day,after breakfast we had it arranged as a surprise forMother that hire a motor car and take her for beautiful drive away into thecountry.Mother is hardly ever able to have a treat like that,because we canonly afford to keep one maid,and so Mother is busy in the house nearly allthe time.And of course the country is so lovely now that it would be grandfor her to have a lovely morning,driving for miles and miles.But on the very morning of the day,we changed the plan a little bit,becauseit occurred to Father that a thing it would be better to do even than to takeMother for a motor drive would be to take her fishing.Father said that as thecar was hired and paid for,we might just as well use it for a drive up into thehills where the streams are.As Father said,if you just go out driving withoutany object,you have a sense of aimlessness,but if you are going to fish,thereis a definite purpose in front of you to heighten the enjoyment.(202 words)【参考译文】为了庆祝母亲节，我们打算在早餐后给母亲准备一个惊喜：我们要租一辆摩托车，开车带她去美丽的乡村游玩。因为我们家里只请得起一个女仆，因此母亲几乎一直在忙碌着，很少有机会享受这样的待遇。当然载着母亲在美丽动人的乡村中行驶数英里肯定会让她母亲节的早晨过得特别开心。不过到了母亲节那天早晨，我们的计划稍稍有些变动。因为父亲突然想到带母亲去骑车兜风还不如带母亲去钓鱼。父亲又说，既然我们已经付钱租下摩托车了，就不妨骑着摩托车去河流所在的小山。他说，如果你漫无目的地出去兜风，你会感到阵阵空虚感，不过如果你要出门钓鱼的话，这样你兜风就有了目的，兴致也会更高。Source Text 2:No matter what type of invitation you receive,the most important rule is torespond promptly.Theres nothing worse for a host than to have to wait untilthe last minute to find out who will be attending the function.The easiest invitations to handle are those with enclosed reply cards,alongwith addressed and stamped envelopes.Formal response cards serve adefinite purpose:They alert the caterer and other people responsible for thearrangements to the number of guests who must be accommodated.Yourobligation as a guest is to fill out the card and mail it back at your earliestconvenience,preferably within 48 hours.Imagine yourself as the host of anevent that will cost you 75 dollars for each person in attendance and beingforced to pay for no-shows.(133 words)【参考译文】无论你收到什么样的邀请，最重要的一条规矩就是及时回复。对于招待客人的主人而言，最糟糕的事情莫过于到最后时刻才能确定哪些人会出席宴会。最容易处理的邀请函是带有附寄的回复卡以及写好地址和盖上邮戳的信封。正式的回复卡是有特定目的的：它们用来提醒宴会主办人以及相关负责人员将会有多少数量的来宾。作为一名受邀请的客人，你的义务就是填好回复卡然后尽早将它邮寄回宴会主人，最好是在收到邀请后的48小时以内。换位思考，假如你是主持一场宴会的主人，这场宴会中每位客人的出席将花费你75美元，如果你花钱准备了一场没有人来的宴会，你会怎么想。Source Text 3:词类转译法是指，在翻译中原语中的词类不一定变成译入语中的同一词类。我们不能字对字地把英文翻译为中文，或把中文翻译为英文。为了达到准确翻译的目的，合格的译者总是在必要时想方设法改变原文的词类，甚至词序，但并不改变原文的意思。(111个字）【参考译文】Conversion of parts of speech refers to a translation criterion that a certainpart of speech in the source language is not always translated into the samepart of speech in the target language.Thus,translators should avoidtranslating literally both in translating English to Chinese and in translatingChinese to English.To realize accuracy in translation,a qualified translatorsometimes ought to alter the part of speech and even word order in the sourcetext while guarantee never changing the original meaning.Source Text 4:分译法作为翻译的方法之一，意味着把原文一个较长的句子翻译成目的语几个较短句子的翻译方法。随便分译一个句子肯定是错误的，因为这样做有伤原文的风格，甚至意义。翻译长句，难句时，译者应该仔细分析上下文语境，对原文的长句进行分译处理，使译文忠实、通顺、易懂。（127个字）【参考译文】Division,a translating method,means dividing a long sentence in the sourcetext into several short sentences in the target language in translation.Nevertheless,a random division is undoubtedly wrong,for it may violate thestyle and even the meaning of the source text.Thus,when translating longand complex sentences,translators should first carefully analyze the context,and then apply division to those sentences so as to make the translation workfaithful,smooth and clear.2013年大连海事大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following words,phrases,abbreviations oridiomsinto their target language respectively.There are altogether 30items in thispart of the test,15 in English and 15 in Chinese with one point for each.(30)1the Oriental and Occidental languages【答案】东方与西方的语言2a transnational corporation based in New York【答案】一家总部位于纽约的跨国公司3Red Star Over China【答案】红星照耀中国或西行漫记4cyberspace【答案】网络空间5Loves Labours Lost【答案】爱的徒劳（莎士比亚剧本）6Store Away from Boiler【答案】远离锅炉7computer-generated documents【答案】计算机生成的文件8North Atlantic Treaty Organization【答案】北大西洋公约组织9a first aid kit【答案】急救箱10Council of Europe【答案】欧洲理事会11natural language processing【答案】自然语言处理12Book of Poetry【答案】诗经13economic recovery【答案】经济复苏14board of directors【答案】董事会15Two of a trade never agree.【答案】同行是冤家。16应用翻译理论【答案】applied translation theory17核电站【答案】nuclear power station18物种起源【答案】The Origin of Species19新官上任三把火。【答案】A new broom sweeps clean.20中国联通【答案】China Unicom21深圳经济特区【答案】Shenzhen Special Economic Zone22打击跨国有组织的犯罪【答案】to combat transnational organized crime23贸易顺差【答案】trade surplus24中国驻美国大使【答案】Chinese ambassadors to the United States25国际标准化组织【答案】ISO(International Standardization Organization)26翻译的本质【答案】the nature of translation27语际翻译【答案】interlingual translation28泰晤士报【答案】The Times29联合国大会【答案】United Nations General Assembly30三国演义【答案】Romance of the Three KingdomsII.Directions:Translate the following source texts into their targetlanguagerespectively.(120)Source Text 1:I believe it is only a matter of time before China is the largest economy.Whether this occurs in 10 years or 20 is beside the point.What matters is thetrend.Yet this promising trend will also bring major challenges.One is theprocess of urbanization.Particularly in mega-city dimensions like Guangzhouand other cities in Guangdong Province.The primary challenge is to ensuresustainable development.This means meeting the needs of a growing urbanpopulation without condemning future generations to unacceptable levels ofpollution,disastrous climatic disturbances and depleted resources.It meansfinding financially feasible solutions for providing adequate power,water,healthcare,waste disposal and so on to millions of urban residents.The task is formidable.So formidable,in fact,that no city and no centralgovernment can hope to master it alone.All stakeholders in the future,fromthe government,municipal authorities and business community to the generalpublic,must work together,and work hard,toward this goal.In this context,the advantages of strong public private partnership areobvious.Close cooperation between the public and the private sectors enablesthe partners to share risks,responsibilities and benefits.We believe the futurewill belong to partner companies that are willing,and able,to act in this teamspirit.As one of the worlds largest electronic and electrical engineering companiesand a leading provider of infrastructure around the globe,Siemens has longbeen committed to public-private partnership.We see ourselves as an integralpan of the societies we serve,as an active and influential voice inenvironmental matters,and as a good corporate citizen in the globalcommunity as well as in each of the 190 countries where we operate.Ourdeepest commitment is helping shape society by providing beneficialsolutions that promote sustainable urban development.In short,we seeourselves as an architect of the future.(308 words)Notemega-city dimensions 百万人口城市stakeholders 受益者Siemens 西门子公司【参考译文】我认为，中国成为全球第一大经济体是迟早的事。这能否在10年或20年以内实现无关紧要重要的是发展的趋势。然而，这一有希望的趋势也会带来重大的挑战。一个挑战是城市化，尤其是在百万人口的城市，例如广州以及广东省其他城市。首要的挑战是保证可持续发展。这意味着在满足日益增长的城市人口需求的同时，不让子孙后代承受无法接受的污染水平、灾难性的气候变化以及资源枯竭问题。这意味着我们要找到经济上可行的方案，为数百万城市居民提供足够的电力、水、卫生保健和废物处理服务。这项任务十分艰巨。实际上，这项任务的艰巨程度让所有城市和中央政府都对单独完成它不抱任何希望。未来的所有利益相关者，从政府、市政当局和商界到普通大众，都必须共同努力，努力实现这一目标。在这种情况下，公私合作的优势显得尤为明显。公共部门和私营部门之间的密切合作使合作伙伴能够分享风险、责任和利益。我们相信，未来将属于有意愿、有能力以团队精神行事的合作伙伴公司。西门子作为世界上最大的电子和电气工程公司之一，同时也是全球领先的基础设施供应商，一直致力于公私合营。在我们所服务的社会面前，我们将自己视为一个整体；在环境问题面前，我们将自己视为一个积极而有影响力的声音；在全球范围下以及我们所运营的190个国家中，我们将自己视为一个愿意合作的好公民。我们最真挚的承诺是通过提供有益的解决方案来促进城市的可持续发展，从而改变社会。总而言之，我们将自己看做是筑造未来的建筑师。Source Text 2:不怕直说，我是相当欣赏自己的。我承认自己有许多不如人的地方，但也知道并不老是这样差劲。所以，我做了一件事，写了一篇文章，只要自觉还不错我可以乐上几天，遇有人赞，更飘飘然得不像话；甚至还会忘其所以，插上几句自夸的话。真的，我一点也不谦虚。或者这就是自负吧，恐怕要给人骂了。但有什么不对呢？我也欣赏别人，凡是好的东西我都欣赏。只懂得欣赏别人而忘了欣赏自己，岂不是太不公平了？但是我们华人总是比较谦虚，而且引以为荣。自己的太太叫拙荆，文章曰拙作。如果你当真叫他的太太山芭婆，文章如狗屁，他保证勃然大怒，和你拍桌子绝交。其实，你所说的，和他说的，可能并没什么两样。我认为，如果你的东西确实是好的，直接说它好，没有什么不对。老王卖瓜，只要卖的是好瓜为什么不能自卖自夸呢？老兄，老王是靠卖瓜吃饭的，叫他也学我们书生扭扭捏捏，对自己的瓜谦虚一番，生意还用做么？他保证饿死大吉。能欣赏自己，才能敬业乐业，写文章的人，若老是觉得自己的文章不行，我不相信他有信心涂下去。卖文的，更不必说了。（437个字）Note拙荆 my humble wife山芭婆 a rustic woman【参考译文】Frankly,I appreciate myself very much.I admit Im not as good as others inmany respects,but I dont think Im always so bad.When I find what Ivedone or written is okay,Ill remain pleased with myself for quite a few days,and,in case I receive praise for it,Ill even become so swollen-headed as toadd a few words to glorify myself.It is true that Im not modest at all.People may call me conceited.But I think otherwise.I also appreciate other people.I appreciate anything good.Isnt it unfair toforget appreciating myself while appreciating others?We Chinese are generally inclined to be modest,and we take pride in beingso.For example,a Chinese will call his own wife“zhuojing”,meaning“myhumble wife”,and his own writings“zhuozuo”,meani