句子成分主谓宾定状补表省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

句子句子1.句子成份：句子成份：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语2.按交际功效分：按交际功效分：陈说句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句陈说句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句3.按句子结构分：按句子结构分：简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句第1页句子成份句子成份1：主语：主语主语是一个句子所述说主体。主语位置普通主语是一个句子所述说主体。主语位置普通在句首。英语中主语普通不省略。在句首。英语中主语普通不省略。1.The boy comes from America.名词作主语名词作主语2.He usually went to school alone.代词作宾语代词作宾语第2页3.Studying English is very important.动名词短语作主语动名词短语作主语4.To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.不定式短语作主语不定式短语作主语5.That he won the prize excited everyone.主语从句作主语主语从句作主语6.It is important for us to have our dreams.It 作形式主语，作形式主语，to have our dreams 不定式短语不定式短语作真正宾语作真正宾语句子成份句子成份1：主语：主语第3页7.It is obvious that he was wrong.It 作形式主语，作形式主语，that he was wrong 主语从句主语从句作真正主语。作真正主语。8.It is no use crying over the spilt milk.Its no use doing sth.做某事是没用做某事是没用spill spilt spilt(使使)洒出，溢出洒出，溢出覆水难收。覆水难收。It 作形式主语，作形式主语，crying over the spilt milk 动动名词短语作真正主语。名词短语作真正主语。句子成份句子成份1：主语：主语第4页Have a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.1.没什么是不可能。没什么是不可能。Nothing is impossible.(不定代不定代词词作主作主语语)2.埋怨是没用。埋怨是没用。Complaining is useless.(动动名名词词作主作主语语）It is no use complaining.(it 作形式主作形式主语语，complaining 动动名名词词作真正主作真正主语语）第5页Have a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.3.怎么降低我怎么降低我们压们压力是个力是个问题问题。How to reduce our stress is a question.(主主语语从句作主从句作主语语）4.我我们们立刻立刻处处理理这这个个问题问题是件是件紧紧急事。急事。Its urgent that we solve the problem right now.(it 作形式主作形式主语语，that 引引导导主主语语从句）从句）第6页Have a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.6.迎接新世迎接新世纪纪挑挑战战很主要。很主要。Its necessary for us to meet the challenge of the new century.(it 作形式主作形式主语语，不定式短，不定式短语语做真正主做真正主语语）第7页句子成份句子成份2：谓语：谓语谓语说明主语动作、状态或特征。谓语由动谓语说明主语动作、状态或特征。谓语由动词或动词短语充当，或者由词或动词短语充当，或者由“系动词系动词+表语表语”组成。谓语位置普通出现在主语之后。组成。谓语位置普通出现在主语之后。动词分为：实义动词、助动词、系动词和情动词分为：实义动词、助动词、系动词和情态动词。态动词。1.实义动词实义动词为行为动词。它是表示动作或状为行为动词。它是表示动作或状态动词，能单独做谓语。深入能够态动词，能单独做谓语。深入能够分为及分为及物动词物动词(如如believe,lend,make,win等）等和不和不及物动词及物动词(如如happen,sleep,work等）。等）。第8页句子成份句子成份2：谓语：谓语2.系动词：系动词：系动词本身有意思，但不能单独做谓语，系动词本身有意思，但不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟表语，组成系表结构说明主语情况、后面必须跟表语，组成系表结构说明主语情况、性质、特征等。性质、特征等。包含：包含：be 动词动词感官系动词：感官系动词：feel,look,smell,sound,taste 等等改变系动词：改变系动词：become,grow,turn,get,go 连续性系动词：连续性系动词：keep,remain,stay表表“像像”系动词：系动词：seem,appear,look终止性系动词：终止性系动词：prove,turn out 第9页句子成份句子成份2：谓语：谓语3.助动词：助动词：have,be,do 等。等。助动词普通没有助动词普通没有意义，不能单独做谓语。助动词作用主要意义，不能单独做谓语。助动词作用主要帮助组成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问帮助组成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。句。如：如：He is waiting for the bus.He has made up his mind.Do you love me?4.情态动词：情态动词：can,could,may,might,must,should,need,have to,ought to,dare等等第10页句子成份句子成份2：谓语：谓语练习：练习：1.His parents are teachers.系动词系动词+表语表语 2.The sun rises in the east.实义动词（不及物动词）实义动词（不及物动词）3.We have finished reading the book.助动词助动词+动词过去分词动词过去分词第11页句子成份句子成份2：谓语：谓语练习：练习：4.You ought to work harder.情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形5.I felt cold.系动词系动词+表语表语6.He doesnt like music.助动词助动词+动词原形动词原形第12页句子成份句子成份3：宾语：宾语宾语是动词动作对象。普通由宾语是动词动作对象。普通由名词、宾格代名词、宾格代词词，或相当于名词词、短语或从句充当，或相当于名词词、短语或从句充当（包含（包含不定式、动名词还有宾语从句不定式、动名词还有宾语从句）。）。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。I will graduate from LTP.介词介词+宾语宾语I like coffee.动词动词+宾语宾语Im afraid that I will fail the exam.形容词形容词+宾语宾语第13页句子成份句子成份3：宾语：宾语练习：练习：1.He has never met her in person.宾格代词宾格代词2.She handed him a book.him 宾格代词作间接宾语，宾格代词作间接宾语，a book 名词作名词作直接宾语。直接宾语。3.He likes to play basketball.不定式短语作宾语不定式短语作宾语第14页句子成份句子成份3：宾语：宾语练习：练习：4.We enjoy listening to the music.动名词短语作宾语动名词短语作宾语5.She said that she felt sick.宾语从句作宾语宾语从句作宾语6.They sent the injured to hospital.名词化形容词作宾语名词化形容词作宾语又如：又如：the old,the young 第15页句子成份句子成份3：宾语：宾语练习：练习：7.I find it impossible to believe her any longer.it 作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正宾语作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正宾语8.We consider it no good getting up late.it 作形式宾语，动名词短语作真正宾语作形式宾语，动名词短语作真正宾语9.They believed it strange that he should have done that.it 作形式宾语，宾语从句作真正宾语作形式宾语，宾语从句作真正宾语 第16页Have a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.1.我以我以为为游泳令我感到游泳令我感到轻轻松。松。I find swimming very relaxing.(动动名名词词作作宾语宾语）2.我以我以为为学英学英语语很主要。很主要。I think that learning English is important.(that 引引导宾语导宾语从句，作从句，作宾语宾语）I consider it important to learn English.（it 作形式作形式宾语宾语，to learn English 不定式短不定式短语语作真正作真正宾语宾语）第17页Have a tryTranslate the sentences into Chinese.3.我们以为在奥运会成为志愿者是很有意义。We think(that)it was meaningful to become volunteers in the Olympic Games.(that 引导宾语从句，作宾语）We think it meaningful that we became volunteers in the Olympic Games.(it 作形式宾语，that 引导宾语从句作真正宾语）第18页第19页一、表语一、表语 系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质动词系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质动词,如如:be,get,sound,look,seem,feel等。等。系动系动词后词后 面部分叫表语。作表语经典词类是形面部分叫表语。作表语经典词类是形容词容词,也能够名词、数词、极少数副词也能够名词、数词、极少数副词(如如here,there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。表语从句等。系动词与表语共同组成谓语系动词与表语共同组成谓语,说明主语状态、性质等。说明主语状态、性质等。第20页练习：练习：请找出以下句子表语并指出表语是由请找出以下句子表语并指出表语是由什么来充当什么来充当(名词、数词、形容词、介词名词、数词、形容词、介词,不不定式定式,分词分词,还是表语从句还是表语从句)。1.My wallet is on the desk.(_)2.The book isnt mine.(_)mine,名词性物主代词名词性物主代词。on the desk,介词短语。介词短语。第21页3.The leaves turn yellow in fall.(_)4.He has become a police officer.(_)a police officer,名词。名词。yellow,形容词。形容词。第22页5.My suggestion is that we should start at once.(_)6.My suggestion is to leave at once.(_)to leave at once,不定式短语不定式短语。that we should start at once.表语从句表语从句。第23页7.His speech was boring.(_)8.The whole class got excited at the good news.(_)excited,过去分词。过去分词。boring,现在分词。现在分词。第24页二、定语二、定语 定语用来定语用来修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词,起限定作起限定作用。作定语经典词类是形容词和形容词用。作定语经典词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词性物主代词,也能够是数词、名词、介词也能够是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。短语、分词、定语从句等。定语普通位定语普通位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词词(如如something)时时,或者是短语或定语从或者是短语或定语从句作定语句作定语,则总是放在所修饰名词后边。则总是放在所修饰名词后边。第25页练习：练习：请找出以下句子定语并指出定语请找出以下句子定语并指出定语是由什么充当是由什么充当(形容词、形容词性代词、形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句从句)1.The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.(_)beautiful,形容词形容词;many,数词。数词。第26页2.The wallet on the desk is mine.(_)3.The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work.(_)demanding,现在分词现在分词;my,形容词性代词形容词性代词。on the desk,介词短语介词短语。第27页4.That building being repaired is our library.(_)5.He is one of the students that have been late.(_)being repaired,现在分词短语现在分词短语;our,形形容词性代词容词性代词。one,数词数词;that have been late,定语从句定语从句第28页6.The excited boys burst into cheers.(_)7.A woman police officer was praised for her good work.(_)woman,名词名词;good,形容词。形容词。excited,过去分词。过去分词。第29页补充l名词作定语：名词作定语：pocket money 零用钱零用钱;alarm clock 闹钟；闹钟；sports car 跑车跑车l不定式作定语：不定式作定语：I have a lot of homework to do.Thats the way to do it.l介词短语：介词短语：Its a map of China.第30页三、状语三、状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词词,或整个句子。普通表示行为发生或整个句子。普通表示行为发生时时间、地点、目标、方式、程度间、地点、目标、方式、程度等等,作状作状语经典词类是副词语经典词类是副词,也能够是介词短语、也能够是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。不定式、分词、状语从句等。第31页练习：练习：请找出以下句子状语并指出状语请找出以下句子状语并指出状语是由什么充当是由什么充当(副词、介词短语、不定式、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句分词、状语从句)。1.He did his homework carefully at home.(_)carefully,副词副词;at home,介词词组。介词词组。第32页to do some shopping不定式作目状语;on Sunday介词短语表时间。2.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(_)第33页3.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.(_)4.Feeling tired,he went to bed without supper.(_)Feeling tired,现在分词短语表原因现在分词短语表原因;without supper,介词短语表方式。介词短语表方式。When I grow up,时间状语从句。时间状语从句。第34页5.He lost his job due to his lack of patience.(_)6.Brought up in the country,he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.(_)Brought up in the country,过去分词短过去分词短语表原因语表原因。due to his lack of patience介词短语表介词短语表原因。原因。第35页四、补足语四、补足语 补充说明主语称为主语补足语补充说明主语称为主语补足语;补补充说明宾语称为宾语补足语。作补足语充说明宾语称为宾语补足语。作补足语经典词类是形容词经典词类是形容词,也能够是名词、介也能够是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。分词等。第36页练习：练习：请找出以下句子宾语补足语并指出它请找出以下句子宾语补足语并指出它是由什么充当是由什么充当(名词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词词不定式、现在分词和过去分词)。1.They elected John monitor.(_)2.He treated his mistake as a joke.(_)as a joke,介词词组。介词词组。monitor名词名词第37页3.We heard her singing a song.(_)4.He told me to make my own decision.(_)to make my own decision,动词不定式动词不定式 singing a song,现在分词短语。现在分词短语第38页5.I think it wrong of him to decline my offer.(_)6.He watched an insect caught by a bird.(_)caught by a bird,过去分词短语。过去分词短语。wrong,形容词。形容词。第39页 假如把主动语态改成被动语态假如把主动语态改成被动语态,宾语宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。比如：补足语就成了主语补足语。比如：He was acknowledged to be the best player.他被公认为是最正确选手。他被公认为是最正确选手。(不定式作主不定式作主语补足语语补足语)第40页五,同位语在一个名词或代词后面，有时能够跟一个在一个名词或代词后面，有时能够跟一个名词（或其它词、结构），对前面性质或名词（或其它词、结构），对前面性质或情况做深入说明。情况做深入说明。简单概况：起解释说明作用。简单概况：起解释说明作用。名词作同位语：名词作同位语：We Chinese should be proud of our country.同位语从句：同位语从句：The news that Miss Li is married is true.第41页