中考复习之介词专题省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

定义分类介词的宾语介词的功能具体介绍 介介词第1页介词是一个“媒介”，是表示句中某一个词或短语与另一个词或短语关系词。在英语中介词功效十分强大，介词是虚词，不能重读，不能单独作句子成份。介词定义第2页介词 分类依据介词形式分类：依据介词形式分类：1.简单介词:由一个词组成介词。at in for near after before behind on by with2.合成介词:由两个词合成在一起介词。inside outside nearby within onto into without 3.双重介词:由两个简单介词重合在一起 组成介词。from behind 从后面 until after 直到后 from among 从中间第3页4.短语介词:由一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其它词类组合组成,在意义和作用上相对于一个简单介词。at the back of instead of in place of in front of thanks to in front of at the top of on the edge of at the bottom of在底部 on the point of 在时刻 owing to 因为 due to 因为5.动词ing形式介词:在英语中有一部分动词ing形式具备介词性质,在很多情况下,将他们视为介词。Including 包含 considering 考虑到 regarding 关于concerning 关于第4页依据介词意义分类依据介词意义分类 介介词种种类 表示表示时间：at,in,on,before,aftertill until 表示地点：表示地点：at in on under by near between into 表示方向：表示方向：at for from towards 表示所属：表示所属：Of with表示方式、方法：表示方式、方法：by in on through with 第5页介词宾语 介词后面名词或相当于名词词语叫做介词宾语。可作介词宾语词语通常有名词、代词、数词、副词、从句、动词-ing形式、含有疑问词不定式等。1.I live near the city center,but I work far from that.(名词，代词)2.Four from ten leaves six.(数词)3.We are going to talk about when well start off.(从句)4.Thanks very much for your coming.(动词-ing)5.Could you give me some advice on how to improve my heath,Doctor?第6页介词功效介词和介词宾语一起组成介词短语，在句子中作主语、表语、补足语、定语、状语、插入语等。1.作主语 Between 6 and 7in the morning is a good time for reading.2.作表语 They are from Canada and I am from China.3.作补足语 When she woke up,she found herself in hospital.He is considered as the greatest leader in China.4.作定语 Have you got the answers to these questions?第7页5.作状语作状语 Can you sing this song in English?(方式状语方式状语)Because of the traffic,I was late for class.(原因原因状语）状语）I will see you at your office.(地点状语地点状语)The final examinations take place in early June.(时间状语时间状语)第8页表示时间介词：at，in，after，until，before，during第9页1.at 多用于表示详细钟点时刻前多用于表示详细钟点时刻前：at 5 oclock at half past seven 还可用于固定搭中还可用于固定搭中：at noon，at midnight，at night2.in表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指一天早晨、下午、晚上一天早晨、下午、晚上E.G.in the twenty-first century，in July，in Spring in the morning 还可用于表示还可用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久以从现在起，多长时间以后或多久以后后”E.G.I will be go to college in 3 years.3.on主要用在星期几，详细某一天或某一天早、中、主要用在星期几，详细某一天或某一天早、中、晚或节日前晚或节日前 E.G.on July 1st，on Monday，on Sunday morning，on Charismas Day第10页1._November 25,2._ 6:30 _ the evening3._ the 1940s4._ my life5._ the age of 56._the beginning of the class7._ a hot summer eveningonatininatinPractice on/at/inaton on+详细日期 at+详细点钟 in+相对长时间：如：某月，季节，年，世纪，上下午第11页1.My father returned at 10 oclock _ of June 15.(重庆)A.in the night B.by the night C.on the night D.at night2.My aunt arrived here _ a warm spring morning.A.in B.at C.on D.by第12页since从某时一直延续至今，后接时间点点，主句用完成完成时He has lived here since 2010.from说明开始的时间,谓语可以用过去、现在、将来的某种时态From now on，I will learn English in the morning.for动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段段，主句用完完成成时I have studied English in Only for 2 years.第13页1.He has been a teacher _ 10 years.2._,Tom has studied English.3.Jack and John have been away from Shanghai _ five years ago.forSince since 第14页His father has been _ Australia _ 1998.A.to;in B.in;since C.to;from D.in;for第15页表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时They finished the work after 2 years.与时间点连用表示将来某个时间之后Ill call you after 7 oclock.after第16页In 和 after 区分In 与 after 都能够表示“之后”，其区分以下：1.后跟一段时间。“in+时间”一段表示从说话时间算起一段时间之后；“after+一段时间”表示从过去一点时间或未来一点时间算起一段时间之后。e.g.They will start working in half an hour.They will work after 10 am.2.后跟一点时间。after 可跟一点时间，而 in 不可e.g.after supper 晚饭后 after six oclock 6点后 after school 放学后 after graduation 毕业后第17页1.I hear that he will be back _ two weeks time.A at B in C after D for2._ a month,he will be proud _ his son.A.In;with B.After;of C.In;of D.After;over3.Mr.Smith left _ London _ breakfast.A.to,in B.forin C.to,after D.for,afterB C D 第18页“by+时间点时间点”表示表示“到到以前为止以前为止”，假如，假如by后跟一个过去时间点应用过去完成时后跟一个过去时间点应用过去完成时E.G.We had learnt 1000 English words by the end of last year.“during+时间段时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某与延续性动词连用表示某期间动作。期间动作。E.G.He lives with us during these years.第19页until作介词，后接详细时刻句子动作连续到until所表示时间为止，谓语动词为延续性动词I cant fall into sleep until midnight.He will be working until 5 oclock.作连词，后接时间状语从句 需注意四个关键点第20页关键点一若主语谓语是非连续性动词（come/go/leave/begin/finish等）那么这个句子（主句）惯用否定式，表示某一动作到until所表示时间才发生。notuntil 意为“直到才.”E.G.She didnt go to bed until she finished her homework.关键点二若主句谓语是延续性动词（work/live/stay/study/play/wait等）那么这个句子（主句）惯用必定式，表示动作一直延续到until所表示时间为止。until意为“直到为止”E.G.I listen to the radio until my father came back.关键点三若主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主句也可用否定式，表示某一动作到until所表示时间才发生。注意它与必定式区分：E.G.I didnt listen to the radio until my father came back.关键点四若until引导从句动作还未发生，习惯上也要用普通现在时。即：主句用普通未来时（或主句是祈使句），until引导时间状语从句通惯用普通现在时。E.G.We wont go home until the rain stops.Dont leave until we come back.第21页表示地点介词：at，in，on，over，below，to，under，in front of，before第22页表示在某一地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）Shandong is in the northeast of China.表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）Japan is to the east of China.in表示与某地的接壤或毗邻关系Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.toon表示方位表示方位in，on，to第23页 in,at,on,toHe will arrive _ a litlle bus stop _ Beijing.Shantou is _ the east of Guangdon.Guangxi is _ the north of Guangdong.America is _ the south of China.at in in on to in:A地包含B地 on:两地不包含，但连接 to:两地不包含，不连接 第24页The visitors _ Japan arrived _ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning.A.from;at B.of;to C.from;to D.of;on第25页在的正上方，表示垂直在上There is a bridge over the river.在上方，属于斜上方Raise your arms above your head.over在上面，表示两物体接触There is a book on the table.aboveon表示方位表示方位over，above，on第26页表示较小的地点at the bus stop at home表示较大的地方in China in the worldat表示在一个平面上on the farminon表示方位表示方位at，in，on第27页在之前范围外）There are some trees in front of the classroom.in front of在的前部（范围内）There are some desks in the front of the classroom.in the front of in front of 和和 in the front of 注：注：before所表示位置关系和所表示位置关系和in front of 相同，表示相同，表示“在在前面前面”E.G.He sits before me.第28页在下方或位置低于The coat reaches below the knees.below在正下方（垂直在下）There are many bikes under the tree.in the front of below 和和 under 第29页be made常见结构常见结构 bemadein在某地制造：made in China of由制成，从成品上能看出原材料This kind of cloth is made of silk.from由制成，从成品上看不出原材料This wine is made from grapes.into被制成The wood is made into some tables.after仿照.制成up of由组成第30页be used常见结构常见结构 beusedto=become used to习惯于,后接名词、代词或者动名词 to被用来做，后接动词原形The pen is used to write.for意义相当于be used to do,但for后接动名词形式。as被看成来使用by被使用used to过去经常，后接动词原形第31页 across 和和 through:经过，穿过经过，穿过1.He swam _ the river.2.They walked_ the forest.3.The river goes _ the city and brings people water and food.4.He helped the little child walk _ the road.across:指在物体指在物体表面表面穿过穿过 through:指在物体指在物体内部内部穿过穿过 across through through across 第32页nbetween 和 among：在之间1.Whats the difference _ a sheep and a goat?A.from B.to C.between D.among2.We visited him _ his workplace _ the young trees.A.in;beside B.at;along C.at;among D.to;betweenKeep the secret between you and_(I)me第33页表示表示方式方式或或伎伎俩介介词by,in,on,with用，以方式第34页1.The boy usually writes _ a red pen.2.I can write a letter _ English.3.He often goes to school _ bike.4.She always talks _a low vice.5.They talked _ the telephone.6.He went to school _ his bike.7.We hear _ our ears and see _ our eyes.8.He succeeded _ good luck/working hardwithinbyinononwithwithby第35页1.by:+不加冠词交通工具不加冠词交通工具 +某种伎俩，方法等某种伎俩，方法等 by hard work2.on:+a/the/sbs+交通工具交通工具 +the+通讯工具通讯工具 on the phone3.in:+a/the/sbs+car/taxi +声音，声音，语言语言by bus/air/train/plane on the bus,on my bike in a car,in my taxi in a high voice,in English第36页 4.with:+某种详细工具某种详细工具 with a knife stone +人某种器官人某种器官 with my right hand 表伴随状态（一个主要动作表伴随状态（一个主要动作+次要动作）次要动作）He came with a cup of tea in his hand.第37页1.She came up to me,_ a smile _ her face.A.with;in B.like;on C.with;on D.without;at2.Is the girl _ red _ duty today?A.with;on B.on;for C.of;at D.in;on第38页