杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解2011年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解2012年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解2013年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解2014年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解2015年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解2016年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解2017年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解2018年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解2010年杭州师范大学外国语学院243二外英语考研真题及详解Part Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(2*1020)Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passagequickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices markedA),B),C)and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given inthe passage.When Your Child Hates SchoolWith just a few minutes left before school was to start,my six-year-old,Dustin,was unhappy.“I dont want to go,”he said.Ever since hed enteredfirst grade,he hated school.Whats going on?I thought as he trudged(沉重吃力地走)out the door.If he hates school this much now,how bad will it belater on?Every kid occasionally grumbles about school.But five to ten percent ofkids dislike it so much that they dont want to attend,says ChristopherKearney,director of the Child School Refusal and Anxiety Disorders Clinicat the University of Nevada,Las Vegas.If a child seems depressed or anxious about school,fakes illness to stayhome,repeatedly winds up in the nurses or principals office,or refuses totalk about large chunks of the school day,you should be concerned,sayschool psychologists Michael Martin and Cynthia Waltman Greenwood,co-editors of Solve Your Childs School-Related Problems.Fortunately,you can usually solve the problemsometimes very easily.In our case,my husband and I visited Dustins class and noticed that theteacher,fresh out of college,called only on kids who scrambled to sit rightunder her nose.Dustin,who generally sat near the back,was ignored.Wesimply told him to move up front.He did,and his enthusiasm returned.Here are some of the most common reasons that kids hate school andstrategies to put them back:AnxietyOne fear that keeps children from enjoying school is separation anxiety.It most frequently occurs during times of family stress or when a child isabout to enter a new school.Unfortunately,parents can feed a childs anxieties by the way theyrespond.With younger kids,watch how you say good-bye those first fewdays of school.A firm“Have a great day,and Ill pick you up at 2:30!”ismore confidence-inspiring than“Dont worry;I can be there in ten minutes ifyou need me.”Thomas Ollendick,head of an anxiety-disorders clinic for children andadolescents at Virginia Polytechnic Institute,treated one boy who wasanxious about entering middle school.He worried about everything fromgetting lost in the new school to getting beaten up.His mother took time offfrom work so she could stay home to“be there”for him“unconsciouslysending the message theft something dreadful might indeed happen,”Ollendick recalls.Once the mother realized she was contributing to the problem,she beganfostering her sons independence by taking him to the school so he couldlearn his way around and meet his homeroom teacher.His fears diminished,and now hes a well-adjusted student.You can help your child handle fearful situationsfrom speaking up inclass to taking testsby rehearsing at home.to help make large projects lessdaunting(使人畏缩的)by breaking them into manageable pieces.Teachyour child to replace thoughts such as“Im going to fail.”with“I can handlethis.”LonelinessSome kids dislike school because they have no friends.This may be thecase if your child is always alone,or gives away treasured possessions in anattempt to be liked.Often loneliness problems can be solved by social skills.“A child mayneed to learn how to look others in the eye when he speaks,or how to talkabove a whisper or below a yell,”Ollendick says.You might teach a youngchild a few“friendship openers,”such as“My names Tom.Whats yours?Do you want to play tag?”“A lot of kids who are very lonely have never been told anything goodabout themselves,”says Miami teacher Matty Rodriguez Walling.“If alonely kid is skilled in some areacomputers,for exampleIll often haveother students work with him.That does a lot for self-esteem and helps thelonely child make friends.”BulliesStudents sometimes hate school because they are afraid to attend.If yourchild seems quiet and anxious,or suddenly shows a drop in self-esteem,hemay be a victim of a bully.The common advice for this problem teach your child to be assertive(过分自信的)isnt always enough.“Even when kids are assertive,the bullyoften beats them up,”Ollendick says.He recommends instead thatelementary-school children tell a teacher.In middle school and above,kidsshould stick with friends and avoid places where the bully hangs out.If you have to step in,go to the principal,not the bullys parents.Toavoid embarrassing your child,be subtle.When Dustin was in kindergarten,two older boys began picking on him at the bus stop.My husband proposed asimple solution:move the bus stop closer to our building so we could keep aneye on the boys.The principal agreed,and the bullying stopped.Trouble LearningSome childrens complaints for school spring from their physicalproblems.For them,“hating school is really frustration at being a stepbehind,no matter how hard they try,”says psychologist Harvey Mandel.One Colorado third-grader was still unable to read despite being tutored.When told to do his homework,hed complain that his eyes cannot seeclearly and his head hurt.Optometrist(验光师)Lynn Fishman Hellersteinfound that although the boy had 20/20 vision,he was having trouble focusinghis eyes.“With glasses and vision therapy,he became an eager learner,”Hellerstein says.Vision problems are surprisingly common,so parents need to besensitive to signs of trouble.While reading,does your child cover an eye,tilther head or lose her place?Does she hold books closer than the distance fromher elbow to her knuckles(关节).Does she complain of itchy eyes,headaches after detailed work?If so,get her a complete vision exam thatincludes evaluations of eye-movement control,focusing,depth perceptionand other skills.Some reluctant students may not hear the teacher.Schedule anappointment with an audiologist if your child has trouble learning lettersounds(particularly short vowels,such as“u”and“o”);confuses similarsounding words(such as“on”and“in,”or“to”and“through”);or asksquestions that have already been answered.Kids with learning disabilities often get frustrated,fail to finishassignments or appear to ignore the teacher.They may be unable toremember simple facts,such as their phone number,the alphabet or details ofa story theyve just heard.If you suspect your child has a learning disability,ask the teachers about having an evaluation by the school psychologist,Martin and Waltman Greenwood suggest.Poor Relationship With a TeacherWhat if your child constantly complains that a teacher is“unfair”?Sometimes the solution is simple.“Having the teacher and child sit down forlunch together can often improve the relationship,”observes Carole Kennedy,former president of the National Association of Elementary SchoolPrincipals.Other times,more drastic action is needed.Shortly after entering secondgrade,our daughter Erin began coming home depressed.Her new teacher wasvery strict.Once,she scolded a child to the point of tears when he misread aword aloud.Erin was convinced she would be next.My husband and I made a list of incidents Erin had described and spoketo the teacher.When she confirmed her actions,we immediately asked theprincipal to move Erin to another class.Soon Erin had a new teacher and anew outlook on school.Remember,kids know how to play a parent against a teacher.So if yourchild tells you a horror story about school,dont automatically assume youregetting the whole truth.Talk with the teacher,principal.Once you identifywhy your child hates school,you can almost always find a solution.1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A)Every kid may complain about school now and then.B)You neednt be too anxious if the child just fakes illness to stay athome.C)Only a small percentage of kids are unwilling to go to school.D)If a child seems depressed about school,you can usually solve theproblem.2.Dustins teacher did not pay any attention to him,becauseA)Dustin sat near the backB)the teacher does not like DustinC)Dustin is too shyD)Dustin sat right under her nose3.Parents inappropriate to a childs worry can aggravate his or heranxieties.A)ignoranceB)blameC)affirmationD)response4.Which of the following methods may NOT help the children handlefearful situations?A)Rehearse the similar situation at home.B)Help make large projects less daunting by breaking them intomanageable pieces.C)Just tell the children to escape the situations which make them feelterrible.D)Teach the children to replace thoughts such as“Im going to fail”with“I can handle this”.5.The problem of loneliness for kids with no friendsA)can be solved by social skillsB)cannot be solvedC)has nothing seriousD)can disappear gradually as the kids grow up6.Which of the following CANNOT indicate that your child may be avictim of bully?A)The child is afraid to attend school.B)The child seems quiet and anxious.C)The child suddenly shows a drop in self-esteem.D)The child seems to be very optimistic.7.Elementary-school children who suffered from a bully are advised totellA)the bullys parentsB)the teacherC)the principleD)the other kids8.The complaints from some children who have difficulties in learningare caused by _.9.A child with _ often feels disappointed and is unable to finishassignment and pays no attention to teachers.10.If the reason why a child hates school is found,_ can always befound.【答案与解析】1.B 根据第二段第一句“Every kid occasionally grumbles aboutschool.”可知，每个孩子偶尔都会为抱怨学校，A 选项正确。根据第二段第二句“But five to ten percent of kids dislike it so much that they dontwant to attend”可知，只有5%-10%的孩子不愿意去上学，C选项正确。根据第四段第一句“Fortunately,you can usually solve the problemsometimes very easily.”可知，家长们在大部分时候都能解决问题，D选项正确。根据第三段“If a child seems depressed or anxious about school,fakes illness to stay homeyou should be concerned”可知，当孩子装病在家不去上学时，家长们应当引起重视，B选项错误，因此答案选B。2.A 根据第四段第二、三句“the teacher,fresh out of college,calledonly on kids who scrambled to sit right under her nose.Dustin,who generallysat near the back,was ignored.”可知，Dustin的老师会给予坐在她跟前的孩子们多加注意，而Dustin坐在教室后排，所以老师没有注意到他，因此答案选A。3.D 根据Anxiety部分第二段第一句“Unfortunately,parents can feed achilds anxieties by the way they respond.”可知，家长们错误的回应方式会增加孩子们的焦虑，因此答案选D。4.C 根据Anxiety部分最后一段“You can help your child handlefearful situationsfrom speaking up in class to taking testsby rehearsing athome to help make large projects less daunting by breaking them intomanageable pieces.Teach your child to replace thoughts such as Im goingto fail with I can handle this”可知，在家中预演、拆分大任务为可行的小任务、鼓励孩子们转换思想认为自己“能做到”都能够帮助孩子们克服困难，因此A、B、D正确，答案选C。5.A 根据Loneliness部分第二段第一句“Often loneliness problems canbe solved by social skills.”可知，没有朋友的孩子可以通过社交技巧来结识朋友摆脱孤独。6.D 根据Bullies部分第一段“Students sometimes hate school becausethey are afraid to attend.If your child seems quiet and anxious,or suddenlyshows a drop in self-esteem,he may be a victim of a bully.”可知，如果孩子们害怕上学、变得安静焦虑或突然自尊心下降，都有可能是被欺负的表现。因此答案选D。7.B 根据Bullies部分第二段倒数第二句“He recommends instead thatelementary-school children tell a teacher.”可知，孩子们受到欺负应当报告给老师，因此答案选B。8.physical problems(根据Trouble Learning部分第一段第一句“Some childrens complaintsfor school spring from their physical problems.”可知，一些孩子因为身体原因抱怨学校。)9.learning disabilities(根据Trouble Learning部分第五段第一句“Kids with learningdisabilities often get frustrated,fail to finish assignments or appear to ignorethe teacher.”可知，有学习障碍的孩子难以完成作业和认真听讲。)10.solutions(根据最后一段最后一句“Once you identify why your child hatesschool,you can almost always find a solution.”可知，当家长找到孩子讨厌学校的原因之后，总会找到解决的办法。)Part Vocabulary and Structure(1*3030)Directions:Choose the best answer you think fit to fill in the gaps ofeach sentence with the items given.Please write down the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet.11.Dont get into the bad _ of smoking or drinking.A)habitB)customC)hobbyD)professionA【答案】句意：不要染上吸烟和酗酒的坏习惯。get into the bad habit意为“养成坏习惯”。hobby业余爱好，custom风俗，profession行业。因此答案选A。【解析】12.I like your methods of teaching and shall _ them in myteaching.A)absorbB)adoptC)acquireD)affordD【答案】句意：我喜欢你的教学方式，我将要把它运用在我自己的教学中。absorb吸收（液体、气体等）。adopt采纳。acquire获得。afford支付得起。因此答案选D。【解析】13.Feeling tired all the time is a _ that you may be sick.A)markB)sightC)signD)traceC【答案】句意：一直感到疲劳是你可能生病的征兆。mark记号。sight景象；视野。sign征兆；迹象。trace痕迹。因此答案选C。【解析】14.I take this medicine twice a day;it should _ my cold.A)careB)cureC)restoreD)recoverB【答案】句意：这种药我一天吃两次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。care照顾。cure治愈。restore恢复（某种情况或感受）。recover恢复（某种状态或位置）。但recover在用作“恢复健康”时，需与from搭配。因此答案选B。【解析】15.Music often _ us of events in the past.A)remembersB)memorizesC)remindsD)reflectsC【答案】句意：音乐经常使我们想起过去的事。remember记得。memorize存储；记住，remind使想起，常与介词of搭配。reflect反射；反映。因此答案选C。【解析】16.It is well-known that retired workers in our country are _ freemedical care.A)entitled toB)involved inC)associated withD)engaged inA【答案】句意：众所周知，我国退休工人有权享受公费医疗。beentitled to有资格享受，be involved in牵扯；陷入。be associated with与有关。be assigned to把分配给。因此答案选A。【解析】17.The two boys _ each other in that they both have reddish hairand a round face.A)likeB)resembleC)similar toD)refer toB【答案】句意：这两个男孩长得很像，红头发，圆脸蛋。like用作“相像”时，固定结构为A be like B或A look like B。resemble为及物动词，意为“与相像”。similar表示“相似”时，固定结构为be similarto。refer to意为“参考”。因此答案选B。【解析】18.There is not much time left,so I will tell you about it _.A)in detailB)in briefC)in shortD)in allB【答案】句意：时间不够了，我就简要地告诉你这件事吧。in detail详细地。in brief简短地；总之。in all总共。因此答案选B。【解析】19.Large passenger planes often carry weather instruments with whichto _ storm.A)broadcastB)predictC)informD)investigateB【答案】句意：大型客机经常携带能预报风暴的气象仪器。broadcast广播。predict预测。inform通知。investigate调查。因此答案选B。【解析】20.How many radios will this factory _ this year?A)multiplyB)measureC)manufactureD)publishC【答案】句意：今年你们厂将生产多少台收音机？multiply相乘；迅速增加。measure测量。manufacture生产。publish印刷。因此答案选C。【解析】21.Tom told me that he would have to _ her invitation to the party.A)avoidB)refuseC)denyD)ignoreB【答案】句意：汤姆告诉我他不得不对拒绝她的派对邀请。avoid避免。refuse拒绝。deny否认。ignore无视。因此答案选B。【解析】22.Many new _ will be opened up in the future for those with auniversity education.A)opportunitiesB)necessitiesC)realitiesD)probabilitiesA【答案】句意：对于那些受过大学教育的人来说，未来将会有许多新的机会。opportunity（难得的应抓住的）机会，necessities必需品；必要性。realities现实。probabilities可能性。因此答案选A。【解析】23.The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded.A)consequentlyB)continuouslyC)constantlyD)converselyA【答案】句意：雨很大，因此土地被淹了。consequently所以。continuously连续不断地。constantly不断地，时常地。conversely相反地。因此答案选A。【解析】24.Children who are over-protected by their parents may become_.A)hurtB)damagedC)spoiledD)harmedC【答案】句意：受父母过多溺爱的孩子可能被宠坏。hurt使受伤。damage毁坏。spoil溺爱；（食物）变质。harm危害。因此答案选C。【解析】25.The police are _ the road accident that occurred last night.A)looking upB)looking onC)looking outD)looking intoD【答案】句意：警察正在调查昨晚发生的交通事故。look up查找；拜访。look on袖手旁观。look out向外看。look into调查。因此答案选D。【解析】26.Important people dont often have much