英语简单句的种基本类型省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

简单句简单句五种基本类型五种基本类型第1页句子成份：句子成份：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。主要成份主要成份：主语和谓语第2页主主语语:一个句子中需要加以说明或描述对象。主语位置：普通位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词词、短语等充当。The school is far from here.名词做主语She goes to school by bike.代词做主语Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语第3页谓语谓语表示人或事物(主语)动作和存在状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子时态和语态是经过谓语表现出来。谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上助动词或情态动词加上主要动词组成。分析句子主语和谓语Mr.Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.第4页表表语语用来说明主语身份、特征、性质、状态。表语位置用在动词be和系动词后面。名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都能够和连系动词一起组成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot 第5页常见系动词1.be动词2.与感觉相关动词 look,sound,smell,taste,feel 等3.表示状态改变动词，意为“变得”“变成”如 get,grow,turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。第6页宾语宾语 是动作对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句组成.I saw a plane in the sky just now.名词做宾语I want three.数词做宾语I like going shopping.动名词做宾语We think predicting the future is hard.宾语从句第7页宾语补足语（宾补宾语补足语（宾补）有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。假如没有补足语(宾补),有时候句子意思就不完整。充当宾补有:1.形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm.2.介词短语作宾语补足语:I found her in the room.第8页3.副词作宾语补足语。Please let him in.4.名词作宾语补足语。We made him monitor of the class.5.动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。I asked him to come.第9页定语定语定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里)1.形容词作定语(普通放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)They have a clever son.I have something important to tell you.第10页2.名词作定语:Is it a color film?名词作定语普通用单数形式,如:school bus,ticket office,paper flowers但也有例外,如:sports meeting,clothes shopman 和 woman修饰名词假如是复数,它们总以复数形式作定语,如:men drivers,women doctors第11页3.代词作定语:This song is better than that one.4.数词作定语:There are only thirty students in our class.带有数字复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中名词要用单数形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy第12页5.副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):Do you know the young man over there?6.介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):The students in our class like swimming.第13页状语状语 修饰动词,形容词或副词,有修饰全句,用以说明地点,时间,方式,程度,原因,目标,结果,条件,让步等1.副词作状语:The old man is walking slowly.表方式 The boy is very clever.表程度2.介词短语作状语:I have lived in Shanghai for five years.表时间第14页3.不定式作状语I come here to see you.表目4.现在分词作状语The teacher came in,holding a book in his hand.表方式5.状语从句Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.第15页状语位置状语位置1.在普通情况下,用于句末。We like our school very much.2.为了强调状语,能够把它放在句首.I usually get up at six,but this morning I got up at eight.3.表频度副词通惯用于句中,如always,usually,often,hardly,never,用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后第16页I usually get up early.He is often late.一些副词,如already,once,just,soon,yet,still,nearly,almost,really,suddenly,certainly等使用方法相同sometimes,now能够位于句首,句中或句末only 在句中位置比较灵活,但位置不一样,意义也不一样.The actor only sang a song.Only the actor sang a song.The actor sang only one song.第17页两个或多个状语同时修饰时次序1.地点状语在前,时间状语在后.(先时间后地点）We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.2.较小单位状语在前,(由小到大)Mr.Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd.,Suzhou,Jiangsu.3.一个句子有几个不一样种类副词作状语,其次序大都是:程度副词,方式副词,地点副词,时间副词She sang very well at the meeting last night第18页时间和地点状语也能够位于句首,表示强调或使上下文更为连贯Usually I read the newspapers in the morning,but yesterday I read them in the evening.第19页预备预备知识知识SubjectSubjectSubjectSubject主语主语?PredicatePredicatePredicatePredicate谓语谓语?ObjectObjectObjectObject宾语宾语?PredicativePredicative表语表语?Full VerbFull Verb实义行为实义行为动词动词?Link VerbLink Verb连系动词连系动词?“简单句简单句”第20页休要担心少要害怕休要担心少要害怕-简单句（简单句（Simple SentencesSimple Sentences）就是就是只包含只包含一个主谓结构一个主谓结构句子句子-它结构就是这么简单它结构就是这么简单,所以才叫所以才叫简单句简单句啊啊!英语中千变万化句子归根结底都是由简单句五种基本句型组合、扩英语中千变万化句子归根结底都是由简单句五种基本句型组合、扩展、改变而来展、改变而来,只要把这些基本句型搞清楚只要把这些基本句型搞清楚,你就会游刃有余了你就会游刃有余了!-呵呵呵呵,就像俺这么就像俺这么:Practice makes perfect!-熟能生巧熟能生巧第21页按结构结构分一个完整简单句简单句由“主语部分主语部分+谓语部分谓语部分”组成The man is a teacher.主语部分主语部分 谓语部分谓语部分 He works hard.主语部分主语部分 谓语部分谓语部分 He teaches English well.主语部分主语部分 谓语部分谓语部分第22页造句关键就在于造句关键就在于动词动词普通而言普通而言,每个句子都应该有个动词每个句子都应该有个动词(除除了省略句外了省略句外)第23页动动词词 连系动词连系动词主要动词主要动词 行为动词行为动词 助动词助动词辅助动词辅助动词 情态动词情态动词be(am is are was were)/seem/keep是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound 看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去)become/turn/get/grow 变得变得不及物动词不及物动词 laugh/smlie/look/listen及物动词及物动词 see/hear/drank/eatbe(am/is/are/was/were)do/does/didhave/has/hadwill/shall/be going tocan/may/must /shall/needcould/should/would/mighthave(has)to/had better第24页系动词系动词be(am is are was were)/seem/keep/是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound/看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去)become/turn/get/grow/变得变得表语表语:表示表示主语主语是什么是什么(身份身份)或者或者怎么样怎么样(处于什么状态处于什么状态)。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词词或短语等充当。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词词或短语等充当。和系动词一起组成谓语和系动词一起组成谓语,也就是说也就是说:连系动词连系动词后面就后面就/才是才是表语表语!He is a boy.She is a girl.They are students.They are good.He looks/seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语第25页连系连系动词动词主主系系表表结构结构（S+V+P）主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语Mr.Li is a good teacher.The movie is interesting/wonderful.He feels hungry.The flower looks beautiful.第26页主语主语SubjectSubject:表示句子所说是表示句子所说是“什么什么人人”或或“什么事物什么事物”。也就是也就是动作发出者动作发出者。普通由普通由名词、代词名词、代词或相或相当于名词、代词词或短当于名词、代词词或短语等充当。语等充当。谓语谓语PredicatePredicate:说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么怎么样样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要谓语（谓语部分里主要词）用词）用动词动词。宾语宾语ObjectObject:表示动作、行为表示动作、行为对象对象。也就是也就是动作接收者动作接收者。普通由普通由名词、代词名词、代词或相当或相当于名词词或短语等充当。于名词词或短语等充当。狗狗 咬咬 人人 。主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 人人 咬咬 狗狗。主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语第27页及物动词及物动词是是后面能够直接跟宾语动词后面能够直接跟宾语动词:see/hear/drank/eat/I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.不及物动词不及物动词是是后面不能够直接跟宾语动词后面不能够直接跟宾语动词:laugh/smile/look/listen/She smiled happily.They laughed loudly.假如要加宾语假如要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助就要靠一个介词来帮助:She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match.什么是什么是及物动词及物动词和和不及物动词不及物动词呢呢?!第28页The doctor listened carefully.The worker ran fast.The boy is fishing.The girl dances well.The duck is swimming.The woman walks slowly.主主谓谓结构结构（S+V）主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词不及物不及物动词动词第29页He likes basketball game.He plays computer games every day.He played soccer yesterday.He is playing the guitarnow.及物及物动词动词主主谓谓宾宾结构结构（S+V+O）=主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语第30页有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上区分了：有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上区分了：他们放风筝。他们放风筝。They fly the kites.风筝在天上飞。风筝在天上飞。The kites fly in the sky.第31页He gave me a present.She teaches us.She teaches English.She teaches us English.She told me a story.及物及物动词动词主主谓谓双宾双宾结构结构（S+V+Oi+Od）=主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语第32页能够用于这种句式动词主要有能够用于这种句式动词主要有 (A)buy/build/catch/cut/choose/cook/find/get/keep/make/draw/doHe bought me a new bike.也能够改为也能够改为for sb.句式句式 He bought a new bike for me.(B)give/take/send/bring/teach/show/tell/pay/write/read/sell/lend/pass/return/throw/offer/handShe lent me a book.也能够改为也能够改为 to sb.句式句式 She lent a book to me.第33页主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补结构结构（S+V+O+O.C）=主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语He told me to clean my room.I saw her dancing.Our teacher asks us to read English every day.及物及物动词动词第34页能够用于这种句式动词主要有能够用于这种句式动词主要有let/make sb.do sth.ask/tell/want/allow/wish/get/sb.to do sth.expect/encourage/invite/teach find/see/hear/watch/notice/feel sb.do sth.sb.doing sth.help sb.(to)do sth.第35页hope和和welcome 比较特殊我们能够说比较特殊我们能够说:I hope to visit your school.I hope that you can visit our school.I wish you to visit our school.Welcome to visit our school.You are welcome to visit our school.Welcome to our school.但不能够说：但不能够说：I hope/welcome you to visit our school.第36页1 主系表型主系表型 She is a very good girl.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)The girl is very good.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)2 主谓型主谓型_式式:They laughed.The kites fly in the sky.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_词词)_式式:I bought a new bike.He plays volleyball.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)_式式:She told me a story.He gave me a good book.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)_式式 He asked me to help him.He made me happy.(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)(_语语)(_词词)(_语语)(_语语)原来也蛮简单哦原来也蛮简单哦!我来分析一下这我来分析一下这些句子中所包含成份些句子中所包含成份第37页1 主系表型主系表型 She is a very good girl.(主语主语)(连系动词连系动词)(表语表语)The girl is very good.(主语主语)(连系动词连系动词)(表语表语)2 主谓型主谓型主谓式主谓式:They laughed.The kites fly in the sky.(主语主语)(谓语动词谓语动词)(主语主语)(谓语动词谓语动词)主谓宾式主谓宾式:I bought a new bike.He plays volleyball.(主语主语)(谓语动词谓语动词)(宾语宾语)(主语主语)(谓语动词谓语动词)(宾语宾语)主谓宾宾式主谓宾宾式:She told me a story.He gave me a good book.(主语主语)(谓语动词谓语动词)(宾语宾语)(宾语宾语)(主语主语)(谓语动词谓语动词)(宾语宾语)(宾语宾语)主谓宾宾补式主谓宾宾补式 He asked me to help him.He made me happy.(主语主语)(谓语动词谓语动词)(宾语宾语)(宾语补足语宾语补足语)(主语主语)(谓语动词谓语动词)(宾语宾语)(宾语补足语宾语补足语)keyskeys第38页The boy is asleep.The boy is sleeping.主谓宾主谓宾主谓主谓The boy is playing the guitar.His music is very beautiful.It is beautiful music.主系表主系表He is playing happily.判断这些句子类型并判断这些句子类型并了解了解be动词双重身份动词双重身份（连系动词（连系动词助动词）助动词）第39页