English二阶段测评12012.docx

英语二-阶段测评1（2012年版）

1.阅读判断
1.1 A Tribute to the Dog
The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust withour happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.
The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A man’s reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action.The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.
A man’s dog stands byhim in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master’s side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince.
When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcastin the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulnessfaithful and true even to death.
1.1.1 A man’s best friend will never turn against him and become his enemy.
a True

b False
c Not Given
根据第一段的第一句话The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy.可知，该说法错误。另外需要注意的是：本句中含有过于绝对的词never，可以判断错误的可能性较大。b
1.1.2 A person’s child may turn out to be ungrateful.
a True
b False
c Not Given
根据第一段的第二句话His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful.可知，该说法正确。本句中的may prove被may turn out替换了。a
1.1.3 The people who flatter（奉承，谄媚） us when we are successfulare the first to throw the stone of malice when we are in difficulty.
a True
b False
c Not Given
根据第二段的第四句话The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads.可知，该说法和原文的差别之处在于联系动词，原文用的是may be，本句用的是are。根据原文中的表述可知这些人可能是也可能不是首先对我们落井下石的人，由此可知该句应该判断为“未提及”。c
1.1.4 Man’s most unselfish friend who never deserts him is his dog.
a True
b False
c Not Given
根据第二段的最后一句话The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.可知该说法正确。a
1.1.5 A dog will be true to his owner whether he is rich or poor, healthy or ill
a True
b False
c Not Given
根据第三段的第一句话A man’s dog stands byhim in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness.可知该说法正确。a
1.1.6 A dog will protect his owner when he is asleep as if he were a beggar.
a True
b False
c Not Given
根据第三段的最后一句话He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince.可知该说法错误。b
1.1.7 A dog will stay with his owner even if all his friends break up with him.
a True
b False
c Not Given
根据第四段的第一句话When all other friends desert, he remains.可知该说法正确。a
1.1.8 A dog will be as constant in its love to the owner as the owner’s spouse（配偶）.
a True
b False
c Not Given
根据第四段的第二句话When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens.可知“当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，它对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘古不变。”但该句没有提到主人的配偶是不是也是如此，故该说法应判断为“未提及”。c
1.1.9 If his owner becomes homeless and friendless, the dog will regard accompanying his owner as the highest privilege.
a True
b False
c Not Given
根据第四段的第三句话If fortune drives the master forth, an outcastin the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies.可知该说法正确。a
1.1.10 When his owner dies, the dog will run away with his friends.
a True
b False
c Not Given
根据第四段的最后一句话And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulnessfaithful and true even to death.可知该说法错误。b
2.阅读选择
2.1 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
As they entered the 21st century, people could not help looking back to the past 20 years when they managed to cope with a new threat– the computer. By the year of 1980, computers had become a fact of life. They were, the magazine DISCOVER noted that December, “in cars, offices, schools and homes, toys and watches. In some airplanes, pilots need not handle the controls; they are‘flight managers’ who watch the computer manage the flight and landing. On the way are voice-driven typewriters, robots that can ‘see’, and hand-held computers that can over the contents of the Library of Congress.”
But at the same time, observed the writer John Leo, a large number of Americans were “computerphobes” (电脑恐惧者) and “techno-peasants”, who feared that computers were “designed to destroy privacy, eliminate jobs, carry the TV generation even further away from literacy, read few words on food boxes so that the grocer can cheat his customers more easily, and allow World War III to be launched entirely by technical error.”
Some executives especially hated computers, Leo reported. They worried that they would lose status – and their assistants –if they were seen at keyboard. Publishers and journalists, he continued, were frightened that the printed word would be eliminated. “True, the newspaper travels well–you can not put a computer under your arm while rushing for a train,” he wrote, “Not now, but a more advanced and complicated portable version, about the size of a hand-held electronic game, may not be far off.”
Today those same executives and journalists who feared computers wouldn’t be found without having their portable computers on their laps. The widespread fear of computers seems a thing of the past–a shift that Leo correctly predicted.”Every one will accept computers,” he wrote, “because there is no alternative.”
2.1.1 The magazine listed the uses of computers in the following fields EXCEPT __________.
a education
b transportation
c publication
d medicine
细节判断题。文章在第一段中提到电脑在多个地方被广泛使用，其中提到了cars，schools，即transportation（交通）和education（教育），在第三段提到有些记者担心the printed word would be eliminated（纸质媒体会被取代），即提到了电脑在publication（出版）方面的使用。d
2.1.2 Some executives did not like computers in that __________.
a they might lose their importance and respect
b they had to learn how to use computers
c they had to hire more assistants
d they had to buy expensive portable computers
细节判断题。第三段第一句提到一些行政官员憎恨电脑是因为担心电脑会让他们lose status（失去地位），表述与A选项中的lose their importance and respect是同义替换。a
2.1.3 Which of the following is NOT what the computerphobes are expecting?
a More privacy.
b More jobs.
c More literacy.
d More world wars.
推理判断题。根据第二段But at the same time, observed the writer John Leo, a large number of Americans were “computerphobes” (电脑恐惧者) and “techno-peasants”, who feared that computers were “designed to destroy privacy, eliminate jobs, carry the TV generation even further away from literacy, read few words on food boxes so that the grocer can cheat his customers more easily, and allow World War III to be launched entirely by technical error.”整句话的意思是：“但是与此同时，作者John Leo也发现很多美国人都是电脑恐惧者或者对科技一窍不通的人，他们担心电脑会破坏他们的隐私，减少就业机会，让现在沉迷于电视的一代人更加丧失读写能力，连看食品包装盒上的文字都几乎看不懂，商人们更容易欺骗顾客，甚至会因为科技错误引发第三次世界大战。”可见他们希望的是更多的隐私，更多的工作以及更高的文化。d
2.1.4 Today the same executives and journalists can be found to __________.
a dislike computers

b fear using computers
c use computers frequently
d use computers rarely
细节判断题。根据第四段的第一句话Today those same executives and journalists who feared computers wouldn’t be found without having their portable computers on their laps.此句是一个双重否定句子，用not … without强调电脑的重要性。在翻译的时候一般翻译成主动语态。整句话的意思是：“如今，人们会发现那些之前对电脑恐惧的管理人员和记者们，往往大腿上放着便携式电脑一边工作着。”作者用双重否定表示他们现在走到哪儿都离不开他们的笔记本电脑了。c
2.1.5 When the author says:“…there is no alternative” in the last sentence of the passage, he means that __________.
a computers provide no choice
b computers are to be accepted
c computers offer no help to pilots
d more complicated computers have to be made in factories
单词释义题。alternative意为“选择”，前半句Every one will accept computers.表示大家都要接受电脑，后半句there is no alternative.表示大家都别无选择。b
2.2 阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(a、b、c、d)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reached those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.
2.2.1 The writer is in favor of the view that man’s intelligence is given to him__________.
a at birth
b through education
c both at birth and through education
d more at birth than through education
细节判断题。文章在第一段提到了Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reached those limits will depend on his environment一个人的智商极限在出生时已经确定，他能不能达到这种极限则取决于环境。第四段再次提到…this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part。c
2.2.2 If a child is born with low intelligence he can __________.
a never become a genius
b still become a genius if he should be given special education
c exceed his intelligence limits in rich surroundings
d not exceed his intelligence limits even in rich surroundings
细节判断题。由题目中的child with low intelligence为线索在文章第一段找到这句话…no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence.任何特殊教育都无法让生来智商低的孩子成为天才。a
2.2.3 In the second paragraph “if we take two unrelated people at random from the population… means if we __________.
a pick any two persons
b take out two different persons
c choose two persons who are relative
d choose two persons with different intelligence
单词释义题。解题关键在于对词组at random含义的理解上，根据上下文可以猜测它的意思。首先可利用构词法来理解unrelated的意思，词根related意为“相关的，相联系的”，加上否定前缀un-后，意思就变为“无关的，没有联系的”。另一个线索是第二段的论述方式，总起句The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.意为血缘关系越密切智商水平越接近，之后分两方面论证，一个是本题中提到的take two unrelated people at random随机抽取没有关系的两个人，他们之间智力差异很大，另一个是亲缘关系很近的双胞胎、兄弟姐妹、父母孩子，他们智商接近，any是at random的近义替换。a
2.2.4 The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows __________.
a the importance of their intelligence
b the role of environment on intelligence
c the importance of their position
d the part that birth places
细节判断题。文章第三段提到把双胞胎分别送到学校和工厂，然后进行了分析，指出We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part.，意为“很快我们就会发现他们在智力发展上有差异，这表明环境，像出生一样，也起作用。”。b
2.2.5 The best title of this passage is __________.
a Surroundings
b Intelligence
c Dependence on Environment
d Effect of Education
主旨题。文章以提问的方式导入主题，即一个人的智商同时受到先天与环境的影响。婴儿的智力潜能在出生时就已经确定，而智力潜能在多大程度上得到发挥则取决于环境和人生经历。第二、第三段以举例的方式分别论述了先天及环境这两方面因素的影响。由此推断，Intelligence是最适合的文章标题。b

人过四十，已然不惑。我们听过别人的歌，也唱过自己的曲，但谁也逃不过岁月的审视，逃不过现实的残酷。如若，把心中的杂念抛开，苟且的日子里，其实也能无比诗意。
　　借一些时光，寻一处宁静，听听花开，看看花落，翻一本爱读的书，悟一段哲人的赠言，原来，日升月落，一切还是那么美。
　　洗不净的浮沉，留给雨天；悟不透的凡事，交给时间。很多时候，人生的遗憾不是因为没有实现，而是沉于悲伤，错过了打开心结的时机。
　　有人说工作忙、应酬多，哪有那么多的闲情逸致啊？记得鲁迅有句话：“时间就像海绵里的水，只要挤总是有的。”
　　不明花语，却逢花季。一路行走，在渐行渐远的时光中，命运会给你一次次洗牌，但玩牌的始终是你自己。
　　坦白的说，我们遇到困扰，经常会放大自己的苦，虐待自己，然后落个遍体鳞伤，可怜兮兮地向世界宣告：自己没救了！可是，那又怎样？因为，大多数人关心的都是自己。
　　一个人在成年后，最畅快的事，莫过于经过一番努力后，重新认识自己，改变自己。学会了独自、沉默，不轻易诉说。因为，更多的时候，诉说毫无意义。
　　伤心也好，开心也好，过去了，都是曾经。每个人都要追寻活下去的理由，心怀美好，期待美好，这个世界，就没有那么糟糕。
　　或许，你也会有这样的情节，两个人坐在一起，杂乱无章的聊天，突然你感到无聊，你渴望安静，你想一个人咀嚼内心的悲与喜。
　　透过窗格，发着呆，走着神，搜索不到要附和的词。那一刻，你明白了，这世间不缺一起品茗的人，缺的是一个与你同步的灵魂。
　　没有了期望的懂，还是把故事留给自己吧！每个人都是一座孤岛，颠沛流离，浪迹天涯。有时候，你以为找到了知己，其实，你们根本就是两个世界的人。
　　花，只有在凋零的时候，才懂得永恒就是在落红中重生；人，只有在落魄的时候，才明白力量就是在破土中崛起？.
　　因为防备，因为经历，我们学会了掩饰，掩饰自己内心的某些真实，也在真实中，扬起无懈可击的微笑，解决一个又一个的困扰。
　　人生最容易犯的一个错误，就是把逝去的当作最美的风景。所以，不要活在虚妄的世界，不要对曾经存在假设，不要指望别人太多。
　　有些情，只可随缘，不可勉强；有些人，只可浅交，不可入深；有些话，只可会意，不可说穿。
　　或许，有这么一段情，陪你度过漫长冰冷的寒冬；有那样一个人，给你抑郁的天空画上了温暖的春阳。
　　但时光，总会吹散很多往事，把过去一片片分割，移植到不同区域，并贴上标签，印着不同的定义，也定义着自己的人生态度。
　　正如庄子所说：“唯至人乃能游于世不避，顺人而不失己。”外在的世界，只是一个形式，而你内在的世界，才是真正的江山。