风险管理英文版.doc

Risk Assessment Part 1: Assessment with existing control measures

A
Business: …TURBINE SYSTEMS
Department: …DIMENSIONAL
Dept. no.: …2225
Location: …PCF
Activity (or area) being assessed: …Dytel/Moore Vernon Gauges

B
Assessment ref. no. …
Date of assessment: …31/03/04
Assessor(s)/team: …P.REEK
…G.STICKA S.SARGEANT
…

People Rolls-Royce: 8 Frequency/duration: 8hs 3shfts
affected:
Others: 0 Frequency/duration: N/A

Q
Periodic reviews – maximum
intervals for activities with:
Medium risk (but ALARP) - annually
Low risk - three-yearly
1st Review
Date: 31/03/05
Name: P.REEK
Signed:
2nd Review
Date:
Name:
Signed:
3rd Review
Date:
Name:
Signed:
4th Review
Date:
Name:
Signed:
D

J
C
E
G
H
Hazard
(potential for harm)
Hazardous event
(what happens)
Foreseeable cause
(cause of hazardous event)
F Consequence (outcome)
Existing control measures used
Probability
1 to 5
Risk
1 to 25
Details of harm
Value
1 to 5
Example:
Working at height
Fall from ladder
Loss of balance
Broken limbs
3
Ladder in good condition, at correct angle and tied off
3
9
medium
1Trapped Hand
Fixture closing on components
Unsafe working practices
Broken fingers

1
Safe procedures,Machine integrated
1
2
2Operation of machine
RSI
Continuous loading & unloading of components
Wrist & backache
2
Intermittent breaks
3
6
3Visual imparement
Examining results on display screens
Continuous use of DSE
Gradual deteration of eyesight
3
DSE legislation, not a continuous process
2
6
4Noise
General factory noise
Finish area extraction & machine noise
Gradual hearing impairment
3
Area is ppe controlled & hearing protection must be worn
2
6
5Physical injury
Dropping of tooling fixtures
unsafe working practices
Bruises & abrasions, possible broken fingers
1
Operator training
1
2
6Hand held tooling vibration
Vibration white finger from moving parts
Continuous use of air tools
Vibration white finger
2
Annual monitoring @ OHD
2
6
Risk Assessment Part 2: Assessment of risk reduction actions

Lead Assessor
Accountable Manager

Signed

Name (print)

Position

Date

P
M
N
L
K
é é é é
Re-assess risks to show how proposed
actions will be effective in reducing the risk.
Also consider whether any new
hazards will be introduced .
Proposed actions
(risk reduction measures)
Expected risk after
completion of actions
Planned action completion date
Actual completion date
I confirm that the proposed actions have
been completed and that the expected
risk reduction has been achieved
Consequence
Probability
Risk
Name
Signature
Date
Example (continued):
Use tower scaffold or hydraulic access platform ……but remember to consider additional hazards
3
2
6
med
1/1/2001
25/12/2000
J. Bloggs
Joe Bloggs
26/12/2000
1

2

3

4 Noise reduction plan in progress
0
0
2

5

6 Better Hand tooling
1
1
1

R
Consequence
Probability
People
Assets
Environment
Reputation

Incredible
Extremely unlikely to ever occur
Improbable
Unlikely but may occur exceptionally
Occasional
Likely to occur some time
Probable
Likely to occur often
Frequent
Regular or continuous occurrence
1
2
3
4
5
Multiple fatalities
Extensive damage
Significant harm*
International impact
5

High
Single fatality
Major damage
Moderate, long-term harm*
National impact
4

Medium
Major injury
Localised
damage
Moderate, short-term harm*
Considerable impact
3

Low
Lost time injury
Minor damage
Low impact, little harm*
Limited
Impact
2

First aid injury
No damage
No impact*
No Impact
1

* Refer to “Environmental Aspects and Impacts Assessment methodology and EnvAID user’s guide” for explanation of environmental probability and consequence categories.
Page 5
Guidance on Completion of Risk Assessment Form
Box/Column
Explanation (for detailed guidance refer to risk assessment guidance document)
A
Provide details of the activity being assessed and the business and department to which it relates. Where the risk assessment is generic it should be clearly stated.
Indicate the people who could be affected (including contractors and the public) and the frequency and duration of exposure – precise details are not required.
B
A unique reference number should be allocated to the assessment, and the date of the initial assessment and the main parties involved should be recorded.
C
Hazard The hazard is the thing with the potential for harm, such as a flammable substance, rotating machine or deep water. Record all of the significant hazards associated with the activity being assessed. Ignore any trivial hazard.
The form provides space for listing six hazardous events (i.e. outcomes) – if more are needed, continue on an additional sheet.
Although the risk assessment matrix covers risks to people, assets, environment and reputation, each of these risk areas should be considered separately, e.g. consider environmental hazards independently.
D
Hazardous Event: Give a very brief description of the hazard scenario or event – i.e. what happens that could lead to harm.
E
Foreseeable cause: Record the plausible causes of each hazard being released or the foreseeable causes of exposure to the hazards.
E.g. how the substance is released, how a person becomes trapped in a dangerous machine, how a person comes into contact with deep water.
F
Consequence: This column is divided into two parts. The first gives brief details of the outcome of the hazardous event, whilst the second part records the value associated with the harm, taken from the risk matrix. Clearly the description of the harm should relate to the appropriate category in the matrix.
First aid injury: local first aid treatment received but no significant lost time.
Lost time injury: off-site medical treatment or short-term lost time (e.g. days).
Major injury: immediate major trauma long-term lost time (e.g. weeks)
It is important to be realistic is considering consequence, and although unlikely events should be considered, they should nevertheless be plausible. Note that if there is more than one plausible outcome from a hazardous event, each will need to be considered separately.
Taken together, columns C to F should provide an understanding of the hazardous event being considered.
G
Existing Control Measures: The presence of any existing control measures may reduce both the probability of an incident occurring and the scale of the consequences, and should be recorded to ensure that they are taken into account by the risk assessment and not overlooked.
This record of control measures will also be useful when preparing a written safe system of work, which should draw from the risk assessment.
Any control measures specified should be those that are actually used, and should be adequate for the purpose and regularly reviewed to ensure that they continue to be maintained as effective controls. If there is doubt about the genuine usage or effectiveness of a control measure it should not be included as a risk reduction measure.
H
Probability: Using judgement based on experience and historical evidence, estimate the probability of each hazardous event occurring using the categories given in the risk matrix. In considering the probability account should be taken of the control measures that are in place providing that they are genuinely used and of benefit.
If in doubt about which category to select, err on the side of caution. Further guidance on the selection of probability categories relates to the assessment teams’ experience, as follows:
Incredible: No one in the team/workgroup has heard of this occurring in the industry.
Improbable: One person in the team/workgroup knows of someone who has experienced this.
Occasional: One person in the team/workgroup has experienced this at least once in the last two years.
Probable: All persons in the team/workgroup experience this at least once a year.
Frequent: All persons in the team/workgroup experience this more often than not when doing this activity.
J
Risk: The value of risk is determined by combining (multiplying) the values sexed for consequence and probability for a given hazardous event. The risk matrix facilitates this and results in one of three risk categories being selected i.e. High, Medium or Low.
K
Proposed Actions: The tolerability of the risk assessed in column H will determine whether further actions are required for risk reduction.
High risks cannot be tolerated under any circumstances and will require immediate action to reduce the level of risk to ‘as low as reasonably practicable’. If necessary this may require temporary suspension of an activity or the installation of temporary control measures.
Medium risks - judgement will need to be made on the urgency of further action to reduce the risk to a level that is ‘as low as reasonably practicable’. In specifying actions for further control measures, consider both immediate (interim) actions and long-term (permanent) solutions.
Low risks are broadly tolerable but should be kept under review and reduced further wherever reasonably practicable. However the principle of continuous improvement should be employed to continue to drive down risk where economically valid.
In deciding what action to take to reduce risks a hierarchical approach should be taken, further details of which are given in Section 2.3.3 of the main document.
L
Expected risk after completion of actions: Once actions have been selected the risks should be reassessed to ensure that the required risk reduction will be achieved, i.e. that the revised level of risk is tolerable. If it is not, alternative or additional actions will be required.
Note that actions intended to reduce risks may also introduce further hazards and therefore risks – it is therefore important to consider any additional hazards in the reassessment.
M
Planned action completion date: When a satisfactory means of risk reduction has been determined through appropriate actions, it is important that they are actually carried out to an acceptable timescale. The planned completion date will need to be carefully considered, and if the activity is allowed to proceed in the meantime, additional precautions may need to be put in place temporarily.
N/P
Actual completion date and confirmation of completion: When a risk reduction action has been completed, the date should be recorded and the action signed-off. This is an important part of the process as any actions not enforced will render the risk assessment useless. The sign-off will also provide an auditable record.
If the initial risk assessment for a given hazard has concluded that no additional actions are necessary, columns L, M, N and P will not need to be completed. Temporary control measures need to be in place before the activity begins.
Q
Periodic reviews: The completed risk assessment should be reviewed periodically to ensure that it remains up-to-date and relevant to the activity.
Maximum intervals for review relates to the level of residual risk associated with the activity, and are as follows:
· Medium Risk (which have been justified as ALARP) – annually
· Low Risk – every 3 years.
Clearly high risks are not tolerable and so activities will not have a high residual risk.
In addition to periodic reviews, risk assessments should be revisited:
· whenever significant changes in circumstances occur (including changes to the operation of the activity or in light of new legislation and other requirements);
· following any incident.
R
Sign-off: On completion of the risk assessment the form should be signed-off by the assessor and by the manager who is accountable for the working activity or area which has been assessed. Sign-off may be before box P is signed to verify that actions have been completed.

Indicate if any of the following apply to the work activity (check relevant boxes)
(ensure that site-specific hazards are included)
Plant and Equipment
Place of Work
Crushing

Buried services

Impact

Emergency escape route

Puncture

Falling objects

Trapping

Housekeeping/tidiness

Contact (cutting, friction, abrasion)

Obstruction

Display Screen Equipment

Overhead cables

Electrical (shock/burn/explosion)

Safe means of access

Entanglement

Slips and trips

Ejection (work piece/tool, etc.)

Structural integrity

Hand tools

Trespassers

Noise/Vibration

Work near liquids

Pressure (release of energy)

Working at height (e.g. roof, ladder, scaffold)

Radiation (ionising, non-ionising)

Materials and Substances
Stability/overload

Asphyxiants

Stored Energy (spring, hoist, suspended load)

Combustible materials

Thermal

Corrosives/irritants

Vehicles and traffic movement

Dust fires & explosions

Work Organisation
Flammable/explosive substances

Lone working

Gases, fumes & vapours

Stress

Health hazards by ingestion

Working hours

Oxidising substances

Work in public areas

Particles & mists

Methods of Work
Working Environment
Ergonomics

Confined space

Manual Handling

Fire

Posture

Lighting

Repetitive movements

Noise

Other
Temperature

Environmental aspects (e.g. waste disposal)

Ventilation

Natural hazards (e.g. weather)

Table 1 Hazard Checklist