初升高英语衔接班第6讲.doc

【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容
初升高英语衔接班第6讲
再看宾语从句及初谈直接引语与间接引语

二. 重、难点
（一）宾语从句
宾语从句是名词性从句之一，在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可带有宾语从句。某些形容词（如：sure , happy , glad , certain , pleased等）之后也可以带有宾语从句。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句：that引导的是一个陈述句，在宾语从句中只起连接的作用，没有含义，也不在从句中充当任何成份，因而在口语和非正式场合常可以省略，这一点请大家区分一下引导定语从句的that，这两种情况是很不相同的，不可混淆。
eg.
I think that it is necessary for the people’s health to get rid of the pollution of noise .
我认为消除噪音污染对人们的健康是必要的。
Hearing that his son was badly wounded , he rushed to the hospital to see him .
他听说儿子受了重伤，急忙赶到医院去看望他。
The mother likes saying that she has a good daughter .
母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。
I am sure（that）she will like the present . 我确信她会喜欢这个礼物的。
We are glad（that）so many old friends will come to our party .
我们很高兴这么多老朋友要来参加我们的聚会。
The headmaster said that we would visit the science museum the next Sunday .
校长说下周日我们将去参观科学博物馆。
Our teacher of physics suggested that we（should）try to make some electronic toys ourselves .
我们的物理老师建议我们自己应试着做一些电动玩具。
注意：在suggest，demand，order，insist等表示“要求；建议”等的动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语用“动词原形或should+动词原形”结构。
2. 由whether，if引导的宾语从句，它们引导的是一般疑问句，在从句中有含义（是否），不充当成份，不可以省去。一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但有的情况下只能用whether，不可用if：
（1）当后接不定式时，只能用whether，不能用if。
（2）用于句首时不可用if，只能用whether表示“是否”。
（3）后面有or not时，只可以用whether，不能用if。
当然if还有“如果”之意，引导条件状语从句，而whether则无此功能。
eg.
I want to know whether（if）you can repair the recorder for me .
我想知道你能否帮我修录音机。
She asked whether（if）there were any chemist’s shops in this street .
她问这条街上有没有药房。
3. 由who，what，how，which，whose，where，when，why等引导的宾语从句。如：
Please tell me who came first this morning . 请告诉我今天早晨谁第一个来的。
The reporter will talk to us about what he saw and heard in Japan .
这个记者要给我们谈谈他在日本的见闻。
The listeners were much interested in how the man became an artist .
听众对于他是如何成为艺术家的事情非常感兴趣。
Please show me which bus I should take to get to the People’s Park .
请您指点一下，我到人民公园应乘哪路公共汽车。
I want to know whose pen is left on the table in the reading room .
我想知道谁的笔落在阅览室的桌子上了。
Do you know where the museum is ? 你知道这个博物馆在哪儿吗？
Please tell me when Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics .
请告诉我爱因斯坦什么时候获得诺贝尔物理学奖金的。
Please explain to me why heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed .
请给我解释一下，为什么重的物体和轻的物体下落速度是一样的。
4. 宾语从句的时态：把握宾语从句的时态要知道其时态是由主句决定的，当主句为现在的时态时，从句根据自身的需要选用任一个时态；当主句为过去时的时候，从句也要用过去的一种时态，但此时要注意：如果从句表示的是客观真理，则仍使用一般现在时，不可换为过去时。另外，我们要注意区分客观真理与一般性的事实。如“他昨天告诉我他的哥哥是个医生。”这句话中的从句表示的就属于一般性事实，这时的从句应用过去时，但在口语或非正式的场合下，也有使用一般现在时的情况，正式、规范的英文还是要变成过去时，说成He told me that his brother was a doctor yesterday .
5. 注意宾语从句的语序：在引导词后面的从句都应为陈述句语序，而不可以是一般疑问句的顺序。
6. 另外还要注意由what，where，how…引导的宾语从句，当主句的主语与从句的主语相同时可转换成“疑问词+动词不定式”的简单句形式。如：
I am not sure which sweater I should choose . = I am not sure which sweater to choose .

（二）初谈直接引语与间接引语
1. 概述：说话人在转述别人的话时，可以一字不差地加以引用，被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。如：
John said , “ I am going to London next week . ” 约翰说：“下周我将要去伦敦。”
She said , “ We have enough time to finish the work . ”
她说：“我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。”
说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时，可以对原话有所更动，这叫做间接引语。如：
John said that he was going to London the next week . 约翰说他下周要去伦敦。
She said that they had enough time to finish the work .
她说他们有足够的时间完成这项工作。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
2. 各种句式的变化：
（1）陈述句：直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语等要做相应的变化。如：
He said to me , “ I broke your CD player . ” → He told me that he had broken my CD player .
She said , “ I’ll go there tomorrow . ” → She said that she would come here the next / following day .
He said , “ These books are mine . ” → He said that those books were his .
She said , “ I’ll come here this afternoon . ” → She said that she would go there that afternoon .
He said , “ Light travels much faster than sound . ” → He said that light travels much faster than sound .
（注意：直接引语若是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变）
（2）疑问句：
① 一般疑问句：要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me，him或us等）。如：
He said , “ Are you interested in English ? ” → He asked（me）if I was interest in English .
② 特殊疑问句：仍用原来的疑问词引导。如：
“ What can I do for you ? ” he asked me . → He asked（me）what he could do for me .
③ 祈使句：转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前面根据句子的意思加上tell，ask，order等动词，其句型是：tell / ask / order sb.（not）to do sth.。如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not。如：
“ Make sure the door is shut , ” she said to her little son . → She told her little son to make sure the door was shut .
“ Don’t smoke in the room , ” he said to me . → He told me not to smoke in the room .

【典型例题】
[例1] —I think it’s going to be a big problem . （2002北京春季）
—Yes , it could be .
—I wonder we can do about it .
A. if B. how C. what D. that
答案：选择C。
评析：直接引语和间接引语都是宾语。本题考查宾语从句的引导词问题，根据题意，需要一个既能引导宾语从句又能在宾语从句中作do的宾语的词。因此C为正确选择。

[例2] Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see .（2000上海）
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
答案：D
评析：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。当不清楚所谈到的人是男是女时，要用代词it，不用she或he。

[例3] Quite a few people used to believe that disaster if a mirror was broken .（2002上海）
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
答案：D
评析：本句意为“过去很多人相信如果镜子碎了之后灾难就会降临。”用be sure to do的句型，此处的strike为不及物动词。

[例4] —What does she want ? —I don’t know what .
A. does she want B. did she want
C. she wanted D. she wants
答案：D
评析：宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，因而排除A、B，而由问句的时态及主句的时态判断应为一般现在时，故选D。

[例5] I don’t know if she . But if she , I’ll let you know .
A. will come , comes B. will come , will come
C. comes , comes D. comes , will come
答案：选择A
评析：if可引导两种从句，宾语从句（第一个if）和条件状语从句（第二个if），宾语从句时态由主句决定，而条件状语从句符合“主将从现”的要求，故选A。

【模拟试题】
综合练习（一）
1. Great Wall is longest wall in the world .
A. The , the B. A , a C. The , a D. A , the
2. —Is this your bedroom ?
 —No , it’s room .
A. the children B. the children’s C. of the children D. a childrens’
3. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam（三峡大坝）should be higher than downstream（下游）.
A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters
4. He spoke very fast and very people understood what he said .
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
5. children there are in a family , their life will be .
A. The less , the better B. The fewer , the better C. Fewer , richer D. More , poorer
6 — did you like the trip to Hainan ?
 —It was wonderful .
A. When B. How C. Where D. What
7. Taiwan is the southeast of China .
A. in B. to C. on D. at
8. He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning .
A. while B. when C. as D. so
9. — I take some photos in the hall ?
 —No , you .
A. Can , needn’t B. Must , mustn’t C. Could , won’t D. May , mustn’t
10. You’d better to send me an email when you get home .
A. not to forget B. don’t forget C. to not forget D. not forget
11. How about to the cinema on Sunday ?
A. go B. to go C. going D. will go
12. When I was at college I three foreign languages , but I all except for a few words of each .
A. spoke , had forgotten B. spoke , have forgotten
C. had spoken , had forgotten D. had spoken , have forgotten
13. The police found that the house and a lot of things .
A. has broken into , has been stolen B. had broken into , had been stolen
C. has been broken into , stolen D. had been broken into , had been stolen
14. Our foreign teacher will go back for Christmas . We will go and her at the airport tomorrow .
A. say hello to B. say sorry to C. say goodbye to D. say excuse to
15. Mary’s brother had a talk at school yesterday afternoon , ?
A. had he B. hadn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he
16. Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow .
A. is B. am C. are D. be
17. —Mum ? May I go out and play basketball ?
 — you your homework yet ?
A. Do , finish B. Are , finishing C. Did , finish D. Have , finished
18. —Excuse me , to the nearest bookshop , please ?
 —Go straight and take the second turning on the left .
A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way
19. —This dress was last year’s style .
 —I think it still looks perfect it has gone out this year .
A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since
20. There’s someone at the door . Can you go and see who is ?
A. he B. she C. that D. it
21. That’s the only thing can’t be forgotten in my life .
A. that B. which C. who D. /
22. “ Nightingal Prize ” is for .
A. workers B. scientists C. doctors D. nurses
23. —I’m sorry . I mistook you for Lucy .
 — .
A. Not at all B. I’m sorry , too C. It’s a pleasure D. That’s all right
24. —Jim and I will go to the post office this afternoon .
 — . go together ?
A. So I do , Why don’t B. So do I , What about
C. So I will , How about D. So will I , Shall we

综合练习（二）
1. I hope you’ll have good time at party .
A. a , / B. an , the C. a , a D. a , the
2. The market isn’t far from here . It’s only bicycle ride .
A half an hours’ B. half an hour’s C. half an hour D. an hour and a half
3. I was 8 years old when my father was 31 . This year my father is twice my age . How old am I ?
A. 21. B. 22. C. 23. D. 24.
4. —Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy ?
 —I’ll buy of them , so I can give one to my friend , Helen .
A. either B. neither C. all D. both
5. It will be bad for your health to eat food and take exercise .
A. fewer , more B. more , less C. little , much D. less , more
6. Two fishermen saw in the sky while they were fishing by a lake .
A. something strange B. anything strange
C. strange something D. strange anything
7. , China will send up a spaceship with people into space .
A. Before long B. So for C. From then on D. Long before
8. The book was so interesting that he read it for three hours he realized it .
A. when B. until C. after D. before
9. —Where’s Bob ?
 —He has gone to Paris with his sister . He be back in two weeks .
A. has to B. will C. should D. must
10. —Hello ! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight ?
 —I’m sorry I can’t . Mother won’t me to go out in the evening .
A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask
11. Betty was heard in her bedroom .
A. sing B. sings C. singing D. sang
12. —Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday ?
 —I , but I had an unexpected visitor .
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
13. The Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai in 1921 .
A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded
14. The young man broke his arm in the accident and had to his job .
A. send up B. put up C. give up D. get up
15. My uncle the Party in 1970 . He for over 28 years .
A. joined , has joined the Party B. joined , has been a Party member
C. has joined , has been in the Party D. has joined , is in the Party
16. There will be a volleyball match in our school , ?
A. be there B. is there C. will there D. won’t there
17. —What’s on the plate ?
 —There some bread on it .
A. is B. are C. has D. have
18. The scientist knows two languages . He can speak English French .
A. either , or B. neither , nor C. both , and D. so , that
19. Could you tell me ?
A. which room he lives B. which room he lived
C. which room did he live in D. which room he lives in
20. No matter busy he is , he won’t give up his hobby .
A. where B. how C. what D. who
21. In the street I met the scientist gave us a talk last week .
A. he B. which C. who D. what
22. You can find the following INSTRUCTIONS on .
KEEP IN A COLD PLACE
A. food B. money C. clothes D. books
23. —Would you like some more chicken ?
 — . I’m full .
A. Yes , please B. No , thanks C. Yes , I would D. No , I wouldn’t
24. —Who is singing in the next room ?
 — is Mary’s sister .
A. This B. She C. He D. It

综合练习（三）
1. I like playing football and my sister likes playing piano .
A. / , the B. / / C. the , the D. a , the
2. Last night , there was a food accident . Ten were ill , but no were lost .
A. child , lives B. children , life C. children , lives D. child , life
3. The doctor worked for after twelve o’clock .
A. two more hours B. two another hour C. more two hours D. another two hour
4. —When shall we meet again next time ?
 — day is OK .
A. Either B. Neither C. None D. Any
5. Would you please say it ? I still can’t follow you .
A. loudly B. slowly C. more loudly D. more slowly
6. — shall we meet in the park ?
 —What about half past eight ?
A. What B. When C. Where D. Which
7. Either Bob or Peter watching the 17th World Cup now .
A. is B. are C. am D. be
8. You will be able to get good marks .
A. while you are doing your homework by yourself
B. if you do some revision every day
C. before you begin to study hard
D. until you follow your teachers’ advice
9. —Don’t forget to post this letter for me , please .
 —No , I .
A. don’t B. won’t C. mustn’t D. can’t
10. I prefer to offer more money for a better computer less for this one .
A. to paying B. to pay C. not to pay D. rather than pay
11. Kate spent most of her free time TV plays .
A. watch B. watched C. to watch D. watching
12. Great changes in my home town since liberation .
A. have been taken place B. took place
C. have taken place D. were taken place
13. The water will be further polluted unless some measures .
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
14. They the newspaper when I went into their room .
A. were reading B. are reading C. have read D. will read
15. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but the couldn’t find out what was wrong with her .
A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked at
16. There is little milk in the bottle , ?
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there
17. —Do you know where my teacher lives ?
 —She lives 150 Kenming Road .
A. at , in B. at , on C. on , at D. in , at
18. — , how many books have you read ?
 — . Because I’m busy these days .
A. Last year ,