人教版新目标英语必修五Unit2TheUnitedKingdom.doc

必修五 Unit 2 The United Kingdom
【知识点讲解】注：【考点】（C级）【典例】（B级）【练习】翻译（A级）
1. consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致
【考点】（C级）consist of=be made up of 由…组成;由…构成
consist in 存在于…;在于
consist with 与…一致，与…相符
【典例】（B级）
Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。
True charity doesn't consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。
My opinion consists with yours. 我的观点与你的一致。
【练习】翻译（A级）
1) 这支球队由12人组成。________________________________________
2) 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。____________________________________

2.divide vt. 划分；把整体分成若干部分
【用法】divide 与separate的 区别 ：
divide 暗示通过切开、劈开或分割形成几部分或几份，经常用来指分离成相对的或敌对的组。
separate 意指“使…分开；使…分离；分手”指把原来结合在一起的或混杂的东西分开，被分开的东西没有任何的统一性。
【考点】divide---into—把---和—分成-→ be divided into…被分为…
separate--- from---把---和—分开-→ be separated from…与…分离

3. convenience n. [u]便利, 方便; [c]便利的事物；便利的设施;方便的用具
【重点用法】inconvenience n．不方便 convenient adj．便利的，适宜的
at one's convenience在某人方便的时候
for one's convenience为了某人的方便= for the convenience of sb.
make a convenience of …利用
【典例】
1) We bought this house for its convenience．_______________________________________
2) Please come at your convenience．_______________
3) Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides．
这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等现代化设备。
【练习】翻译句子
1) 如果方便就来看看我。_____________________________________
2) 你方便明天开始工作吗?____________________________________

4. arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
【重点用法】arrangement n. 整理；布置；排列
arrange for安排, 准备 arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事
【典例】1) 排列；整理
In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order. _____________________________________
2）安排；准备We have arranged a party. __________________________________
3）商定 I arrange with her about the travel.___________________________
【练习】翻译句子
1)你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。_________________________________
2)他们在秘密地为一场盛大婚礼做准备_________________________________
3)我已经安排好车去车站接他。___________________________________

5. delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜
【重点用法】take/find/have delight in喜爱 以...为乐 to one.'s delight令人高兴的是..
delight in 嗜好
【典例】
Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。
The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children. 电影《喜羊羊与灰太郎》使千万小朋友获得乐趣。
【练习】翻译句子
1)他的表演使观众感到满意。________________________________
2)唱歌是她的主要爱好。___________________________________

6. influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事)
【重点用法】v. influence sb to do 影响某人做某事 be influenced by 被---所影响/感染
n. have influence on/with…对……产生影响 under the influence of 在......的影响下
【典例】
1) What influenced you to do it? _________________________________
2) Don’t be influenced by him; you should hold your own decision.______________________
【练习】翻译句子
1)父母亲的行为总会给孩子带来影响。_________________________________________
2)在议会的影响下，总统改变了主意。_________________________________________

7. fold v. 折叠；对折
【重点用法】unfold v.展开；摊开；打开；展现；呈现
fold up 折叠；折起 fold…in sh. 把…包在某物里
fold one’s arms/hands 交臂、交手
【典例】Fold a piece of paper round the flowers.

8. available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,
【重点用法】反义词：unavailable
1) (指物) 可用的，可得到的 There is water available at the hut.
2）（指人）可会见的；可与之交谈的 The doctor is available now..
【典例】
1) Attention，please．These tickets are available on the day of issue only．请注意，这种车票仅在发售当天有效
2) Dresses are not available in your size, I’m afraid. 这些衣服恐怕没有你的尺寸。
【考例】We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ______ for Friday’s performance.
A. available B. spare C. convenient D. affordable
【练习】翻译句子
1) 这里没有这本书。______________________________________
2)在拥挤的地方,没有车位可用。______________________________________

9. occasion n. 机会，时机；（某事发生的）时刻，时节
【重点用法】 on that/this occasion 那时、这时
“有时”： on occasion at times from time to time now and then once in a while

★重点词组
1.take the place of代替,取代
【重点用法】 take place发生；举行 take one's place就位；代替某人
in place of (= instead of)代替 in place在适当的位置
in the first place首先 from place to place到处；各处
【典例】
1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.
___________________________________________________________
2) I’ll take the place of Mr．Lin next week．=I’ll take Mr．Lin's place next week．______________________________________________________
【练习】 选择以上短语填空
1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.   
2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess．

2. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解 &（机器、车辆等）坏了；（计划、谈判等）失败；（身体）垮掉
【词汇激活】
break away from摆脱，脱离   break in闯入；插话  
break off中止；折断；打折 ； 断绝（关系） break out爆发；突然发生
break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离 break through突破；冲垮
break into 强行进入；非法进入；破门而入
【经典例句】
1) The bridge broke down．______________________________________
2) The engine broke down．_____________________________________
3) He has broken down from overwork．______________________________
4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen． _
5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．________________________________________________
【练习】请填人适当的介词或副词：   
1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces.
2) The elevator broke _______.
3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells.
4)Fire broke _______during the night.
5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman.

3. leave out省去,遗漏
【重点用法】
leave for 动身到(某处)   leave alone不管;撇下…一个人
leave aside搁置        leave behind遗忘;遗留
【典型例句】
1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence.
_________________________________________________
2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party．_________________________________________________
【练习】请填人适当的介词或副词：
1) They were left ______ in the wilderness
2) He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader.
4.refer to 1) 提到；谈及 We agree never to refer to the matter again.
2) 查阅 Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.
3) 指的是 Who does the pronoun in the third sentence refer to?
4) 把…称作 The speaker referred to him as an up-and-coming politician.

★重点句子
1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。
【重点用法】There is no need to do没有必要做某事
There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的
【练习】汉译英
1) 我们有必要再去那一趟吗?
2) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息.
2.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.
【重点用法】It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成
【典例】
1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.________________________________
2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. ________________________________
【练习】翻译
1)真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格.__________________________________
2)似乎很奇怪，他能够通过触摸判断花的种类。________________________________

★语法分析： 过去分词作宾语补足语
在英语中，过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或王城意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。本文对常见几种用法进行分析：
解释
例子
过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep,leave等的后面
They kept the door locked for a long time.
Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.
Have+宾语+过去分词表示两种含义
1) 表示让某人做某事 I have my bike repaired
2) 表示遭遇到不幸；受打击My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
在make+宾语+过去分词这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须表示结果
I raised my voice to make my self heard.
They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.
过去分词常用在感官动词watch ,see, hear ,listen to ,notice, feel, find等的后面
When we got to school , we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
过去分词用在want, wish, expect, like, order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面做宾语补足语。
The teacher wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
过去分词用在with+宾语+宾补这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building , his house looks like a beautiful garden.