6月大学英语六级完形填空真题及其效度分析.doc

2011年6月大学英语六级完形填空效度分析小组成员：李慧（12号）聂美红（17号）沈垭骅（20号）吴甜(25号)Part Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Organized volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to _62_ to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduates resume, _63_ now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalize the achievements of students who _64_ time to activities outside their courses. Bristol Plus aims to boost students in an increasingly _65_ job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside _66_ qualifications.Our students are a pretty active bunch, but we found that they didnt _67_ appreciate the value of what they did _68_ the lecture hall, says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. Employers are much more _69_ than they used to be. They used to look for _70_ and saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicants skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are _71_ to the job.Students who sign _72_ for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or _73_ work, attend four workshops on employ-ability skills, take part in an intensive skills-related activity _74_, crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained. _75_ efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who _76_ best on the sports field can take the Sporting plus Award which fosters employer-friendly sports accomplishments.The experience does not have to be _77_ organized. Were not just interested in easily identifiable skills, says Goodman. “_78_, one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so _79_ negotiation skills. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives.Goodman hopes the _80_ will enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and encourage their less-active _81_ to take up activities outside their academic area of work.62. A) advisors B) specialists C) critics D) employers63. A) which B) but C) unless D) since64. A) divide B) devote C) deliver D) donate65. A) harmonious B) competitive C) Resourceful D) prosperous66. A) artistic B) technical C) academic D) interactive67. A) dominantly B) earnestly C) necessarily D) gracefully68. A) outside B) along C) over D) through69. A) generous B) considerate C) enlightening D) demanding70. A) origin B) initial C) popularity D) potential71. A) relevant B) responsive C) reluctant D) respective72. A) out B) off C) away D) up73. A) casual B) elective C) domestic D) voluntary74. A) or B) thus C) so D) and75.A) Occasional B) Exceptional C) Informative D) Relative76.A) perform B) convey C) circulate D) formulate77.A) roughly B) randomly C) formally D) fortunately78.A) for instance B) In essence C) In contrast D) Of course79.A) demonstrated B) determined C) operated D) involved80.A) device B) section C) scheme D) distraction81.A) attendants B) agents C) members D) peers测试效度包括：construct validity; content validity; predicative validity; face validity; method validity. construct validity: the score can show the CLA. 大学英语六级考试的完形填空题具有综合性的特点，它对考生的深度阅读能力，语法驾驭能力，词汇熟练程度等诸多方面进行了考查。 Lg competence includes grammar and text. From the cloze, students are required to master the basic grammar knowledge ( vocabulary 、syntactic competence ) and text knowledge (sentences inherence、rhetoric compentence and discourse structure). 因此有较高的构念效度。 Content validity: the content can show the testing goal. 这篇完形填空选自英国卫报文章Bristol University launches volunteering award. 这篇文章探讨了大学生课外实践的问题，内容非常 贴近大学生的学习和生活。此题主要考查词汇辨析，逻辑关系和固定搭配三个方面，其中词汇辨析是考试的重点，出题量占75% 。 64和72题考查固定搭配，63、74、78题考查逻辑关系其他15题考查词汇辨析（此类题型也时常与语篇知识分析相结合）。由此可知内容效度高。词汇辨析题：此套题目中注重考查核心词汇的辨析，尤其以动词、形容词、副词为考查的重中之重。考查的15道词汇辨析题中，其中76、79题考查动词的辨析，第62、70、80、81题考查名词的辨析，第65、66、69、71、73、75题考查形容词的辨析，第67、77题考查副词的辨析，第68考查介词的辨析。词汇辨析题大多还与语篇分析相关。例如: Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are _71_ to the job.71. A) relevant B) responsive C) reluctant D) respective解析：四个选项都为形容词且形似。考生容易混淆各自的含义。Relevant 相关的，responsive响应的，回应的， relunctant勉强的， respective各自的，分别的。根据上下文的语境，此处表达的是（指employers）希望学生们能够解释为什么那些技能与工作是相关的，所以此处A是正确答案。Usually it is left to _62_ to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduates resume.62. A) advisors B) specialists C) critics D) employers解析: 此题为本完形填空的第二句话，所以单看此句话和四个选项是很难得出正确答案，所以要求考生能够结合上下文来解题。由于下文都是讲课外实践与就业的关系，而且只提到employers与学校两方如何看待学生课外实践的问题，所以可以轻而易举的推断出此题正确答案为D。当然也可以 “单词重现”的规律来答题，在69空出出现了employers。逻辑关系题：这篇完形填空中考查了3道逻辑关系题。此类题目考生主要要学会“瞻前顾后”, 读懂句子前后的意思，甚至是段落的大意，才能做好题目。Usually it is left to _62_ to deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduates resume, _63_ now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalize the achievements of students who _64_ time to activities outside their courses.63. A) which B) but C) unless D) since这道题目中出现了3个逻辑关系词，所以考生应该清楚考查的是逻辑关系，所以要读懂前后的意思。在62空的前面已经出现了Usually而且在63空出现了now，所以前后的逻辑关系就一目了然-对比的关系，所以答案就应该为B。 当然根据前后语篇的意义也能推断出答案。64. A) divide B) devote C) deliver D) donate这一题表面为区分四个动词，实为固定搭配题 devote time to sth/ doing sth Students who sign _72_ for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or _73_ work,72. A) out B) off C) away D) up此题也同64题一样实际考查固定搭配 sign up for 报名参加。虽然A和B也能和sign搭配但不符合语境。Face validity：此完形填空有语篇语境考查综合能力，符合语言实际使用的情况，具有一定的真实性，表面效度高。Method validity:本篇完形填空属于综合考点题型，测试考生综合运用语法和词汇的能力、逻辑思维的能力，有很好的回波效应，因此方法效度较高。Predictive validity：由于完形填空考查学生的综合能力，如果学生能过取得高分，在一定程度上能够体现其较高的综合能力，当然此题型为特殊性，不排除学生的猜测因素和作弊因素。因此有一定的预测效度。PS：李筱菊教授的考点效度考点效度是专门针对完形填空和短文改错等一类综合考点技能试题类型提出的，主要包括考点因素和考点层次两方面的内容。考点因素可分为三个范畴：意义因素，惯用搭配和语法因素。考点层次的高低就是指决定用什么词填每个空缺的时候，需要考虑多广的上下文才能做出决定。也就是这个词的决定受什么层次的语境制约。起制约作用的语境层次可以分为四种。第一，单词层次。这是最低的层次。具体就是指光看单词，无需看单词之外的上下文，就能决定单词的选择；第二，词组层次。就是说需要填的词，和它前或后的词有固定的关系，只要看空缺前后的词便能决定该填什么；第三，句子层次。就是说空缺需要填什么词，本句之内就可以决定，不用超出句子的范围；第四，语篇层次。空缺填什么仅仅看本句难以决定，要超出句子从语篇语境的层次考虑。考点层次的高低与题目的效度有直接的关系。考点的层次越高，意味着考点的效度越高。完形填空试题中各个题目层次高低直接决定了整道试题的效度。以下为考点层次分析表格SDP6263646566676869707172737475767778798081GMCGGGMMGGCGMGGGMGGGW惯用搭配副词名词惯用搭配形容词形容词动词副词动词名词名词2011年6月六级完形填空考点层次分析注释：W=Words单词层次 P=phrase词组层词次 D=discourse语篇层次，以上W、P、S、D属于考点层次的内容。 M、C、G属于考点因素，可分为三个范畴：意义因素（M=meaning）,惯用搭配因素（C=collocation）,语法因素（G=grammar）统计：D-8个 S-10个 P-2个 W-0个