英语句子成分分析市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

句子成份句子成份定义定义：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有句子成份有主要成份主要成份和和次要成份次要成份；主要成份主要成份：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成份次要成份：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语第1页1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语第2页主语（主语（subject）句子说明人或事物句子说明人或事物 Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.To seeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.The youngshouldrespecttheold.What he has saidistrue.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化形容词）（名词化形容词）（句子）（句子）第3页找出句中主语找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名（名词词）（代（代词词）（数（数词词）（动动名名词词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）(名名词词化形容化形容词词）（It形式主形式主语语，主，主语语从句是真正主从句是真正主语语）第4页谓语谓语说明主语动作、状态和特征说明主语动作、状态和特征简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组组成成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helooked aftertwoorphans.复合复合谓语谓语由由情情态动词态动词或助或助动词动词+动词动词;Hecan speakEnglishwell.Shedoesnt seemtolikedancing第5页英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。词与和及物动词。及物动词及物动词(vt.)：及物动词后必须跟有动作对象及物动词后必须跟有动作对象（即宾语），而且可直接跟宾语。（即宾语），而且可直接跟宾语。如：如：HereachedParis.不及物动词（不及物动词（vi.）：不及物动词后不能：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作对象（即宾语）。若要直接跟有动作对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。如如:Look!Sheissinging.Lookatmecarefully!第6页类似还有：类似还有：agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.第7页既能够用作及物又能够用作不及物动既能够用作及物又能够用作不及物动词，其意义不变。词，其意义不变。如如begin都是作都是作“开始开始”讲。讲。Everybody,ourgamebegins.Letusbeginourgame.类似还有：类似还有：start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.第8页误：误：dealaproblem正：正：dealwithaproblem处理问题处理问题误：误：dependsb.正：正：dependonsb.依靠（依赖）某人依靠（依赖）某人误：误：insistdoingsth.正：正：insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事坚持要做某事易误用作及物动词易误用作及物动词9个不及物动词：个不及物动词：第9页误：误：knockthedoor正：正：knockonatthedoor敲门敲门误：误：operatesb.正：正：operateonsb.为某人做手术为某人做手术误：误：participatesth.正：正：participateinsth.参加某事参加某事误：误：refersth.正：正：refertosth.查阅（参考查阅（参考)某物某物第10页误：误：relysb./sth.正：正：relyonsb./sth.依靠（依赖）某人依靠（依赖）某人某物某物误：误：replyaletter正：正：replytoaletter回信回信第11页1.Nomatterhowmuchyouvelearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad,youmust_thepeopleheartandsoul.A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.serveon第12页2.Thepupil_hisrighthand,obviouslyhopingto_toanswertheteachersquestion.A.roseriseB.raisedriseC.roseraiseD.raisedraise第13页Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名（名词词）(代代词词）(数数词词)(名名词词化形容化形容词词)(三三)宾语宾语动作对象或承受者动作对象或承受者及物动词或介词宾语及物动词或介词宾语（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）第14页宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语pleasepassmethe book.Heboughthis girlfriendsome flowers.第15页（四）表语（四）表语在在系动词系动词后部分就是表语后部分就是表语1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease.第16页系动词系动词1）状态系动词状态系动词（be动词）动词）比如：比如：He is a teacher.2）连续系动词连续系动词 keep,remain,stay 比如：比如：He always kept silent at the meeting.他开会时总保持缄默。他开会时总保持缄默。3）表像系动词表像系动词 seem,appear,look,比如：比如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。他看起来很累。第17页4）感官系动词感官系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste 比如：比如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。这种布手感很软。5）改变系动词改变系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.比如：比如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词终止系动词 prove,turn out,表示表示“证实证实”，“变成变成”之意之意比如：比如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。注意：系动词不用于被动语态注意：系动词不用于被动语态.第18页（五）定语（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteel factory.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknowbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词全部格名词全部格)(动名词动名词)(过去分词过去分词)第19页定语后置：定语后置：假如定语是由假如定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置Thegirlin red ishissister.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?第20页 （六）状语（六）状语状语功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目标、结状语功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目标、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随情况等。果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随情况等。Iwillbebackin a while.Theyareplayingon the playground.Hewaslatebecause he got up late.Hegotupsolatethat I missed the train.Iwaitedto see you.Heoftenwenttoschoolby bus.Hisparentsdied,leaving him an orphan.Pleasecallmeif it is necessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.第21页Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknown to them.（六）（六）宾语补宾语补足足语语有些有些及物及物动词动词除了有一个直接除了有一个直接宾语宾语以外，以外，还还要有一个要有一个宾宾语补语补足足语语，说说明明宾语宾语身份和状身份和状态态以以补补充其意充其意义义不足，使不足，使句子意句子意义义完整。完整。这类惯这类惯用及物用及物动词动词有有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.Sheaskedmeto lend her a hand.第22页同位语同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们性质和情况 Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句第23页1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语第24页句子成份练习句子成份练习1、You should study hard.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his story.4、We elected him our monitor.5、I told him to open the window.6、We watched the train leaving the station.状语状语表语表语间语间语+直宾直宾宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补第25页句子类型句子类型第26页句子种类两种分类法句子种类两种分类法1、按句子用途可分四种：、按句子用途可分四种：1）陈说句（必定、否定）陈说句（必定、否定）：He is six years old.She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（普通、特殊、选择、反意）：）疑问句（普通、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim,cant she?3）祈使句：）祈使句：Be careful,boys;Dont talk in class.4）感叹句）感叹句：How clever the boy is!第27页2、按句子结构可分三种：、按句子结构可分三种：简单句、简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句。1）简单句简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspapers.第28页简单句五种基本句型：简单句五种基本句型：一、主语不及物动词一、主语不及物动词e.g.a.Winter comes.b.This factory opened in 1989.二、主语及物动词宾语二、主语及物动词宾语e.g.She has bought a new house.第29页三、主语连系动词表语三、主语连系动词表语e.g.a.She looked worried.b.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.四、主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语四、主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语e.g.My father bought me a lot of books.五、主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语五、主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语e.g.a.They elected him their monitor.b.We consider him very smart.第30页2)并列句并列句：由并列连词（：由并列连词（and,but,or等）等）或分号（或分号（;）把）把两个或两个两个或两个以上以上简简单句单句连在一起组成。连在一起组成。e.g.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.前途是光明，道路是波折。第31页3）复合句复合句：含有：含有一个或一个以上从句一个或一个以上从句句句子。复合句包含：子。复合句包含：名词性从句名词性从句（主语从（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句定语从句和和状语从句状语从句等。等。e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.第32页