研究生英语写作图表类省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

硕士英语写作硕士英语写作3 3图表式作文图表式作文第1页（二）图表式作文（二）图表式作文考研图表作文考研图表作文是经过提供是经过提供一组或几组数据一组或几组数据来反应来反应某个趋势或某一问题、现象某个趋势或某一问题、现象。要求考生对图表中。要求考生对图表中相关数据相关数据进行进行描述、分析和评论描述、分析和评论，并，并得出得出合乎逻合乎逻辑辑结论结论。它是将数据、形象信息转换为文字信息。它是将数据、形象信息转换为文字信息过程。过程。图表作文图表作文要求不是对图表简单叙述，而是要求不是对图表简单叙述，而是抓住图抓住图表所反应主要问题表所反应主要问题。因为图表式作文所要讨论现。因为图表式作文所要讨论现象和问题都隐含在数据里，所以考生常会感到比象和问题都隐含在数据里，所以考生常会感到比较难写。所以要想抓住主旨，就要分析图表中那较难写。所以要想抓住主旨，就要分析图表中那些些最有代表性、规律性数字最有代表性、规律性数字，或，或改变大数字改变大数字。它。它写作误区是报流水账，对数据面面俱到，却不能写作误区是报流水账，对数据面面俱到，却不能指出图表所反应中心，也不能利用数据进行有力指出图表所反应中心，也不能利用数据进行有力论证。论证。第2页常见图表类型有：常见图表类型有：表格表格(Table)(Table)，它表示各种事物相互关系；，它表示各种事物相互关系；它它能够使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格能够使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由常由标题标题(Title)(Title)、表头表头(Boxhead)(Boxhead)(表格第一行表格第一行)、侧目侧目(Stub)(Stub)(表格左边第一列表格左边第一列)和和主体主体(Body)(Body)部分部分(表格其余部分表格其余部分)等部分组成。等部分组成。用表格表示信息详细准确，而且表格中各项均按用表格表示信息详细准确，而且表格中各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各表格中各个项目标相互关系个项目标相互关系，表格中各个项目标改变规律，表格中各个项目标改变规律。第3页曲线图曲线图(Line graph)(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标也称为线性图或坐标图。它常表示两个变量之间关系发展过程和图。它常表示两个变量之间关系发展过程和趋势。普通来说，趋势。普通来说，曲线所展现形状比某一点曲线所展现形状比某一点所代表变量值更有意义所代表变量值更有意义。曲线图有。曲线图有横轴横轴和和纵纵轴轴。普通先看。普通先看横轴所代表数量或时间横轴所代表数量或时间等，然等，然后再看后再看纵轴所显示意义纵轴所显示意义。同时必须找出线条。同时必须找出线条所反应最高或最低改变所反应最高或最低改变；第4页柱状柱状(Bar graph)(Bar graph)也称为条形图或立柱图，也称为条形图或立柱图，它用来表示几个事物改变情况及相互关系。它用来表示几个事物改变情况及相互关系。条形图由宽度相同但长度不一样条块代表不条形图由宽度相同但长度不一样条块代表不一样量。当要比较几个项目或量时，惯用不一样量。当要比较几个项目或量时，惯用不一样颜色来区分。一样颜色来区分。条形图条形图主要用来表示：主要用来表示：1)1)同一项目在不一样时间量同一项目在不一样时间量;2)2)同一时间不一同一时间不一样项目标量样项目标量。阅读条形图时，要先看。阅读条形图时，要先看图例图例，再看再看横轴、纵横横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表值是多少，最终找出所代表值是多少，最终找出图中各长条所表图中各长条所表示数据及各长条间相互关系示数据及各长条间相互关系。第5页饼状饼状(Pie chart)(Pie chart)图，也称为圆形图或图，也称为圆形图或圆面分割图，表示各事物在总体中所占圆面分割图，表示各事物在总体中所占百分比及相互关系。百分比及相互关系。整个圆整个圆表示表示总量总量，楔形块楔形块表示表示分量分量。有时圆形图还有数值。有时圆形图还有数值表，二者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、表，二者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。清楚。第6页三图一表三图一表-柱状图（柱状图（Bar GraphBar Graph）、线形图）、线形图(Line(Line Graph)Graph)、饼状图、饼状图(Pie Graph)(Pie Graph)、表格、表格(Table)(Table)第7页考研真题回顾(1997-)给提要图画或图表作文(writing based on visual information or pictures or graphs)（从开始出现英语一和英语二区分）(1991-1996)提要式作文或主题句作文 (writing based on given outline or opening sentences)第8页48 write an essay based on the following table.In your writing you should1)describe the table,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)第9页第10页试题2、国内轿车市场部分【品牌份额示意图】第11页考研英语2第12页第13页依据以上图表作文来看，普通在图表题目中给出作文标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或汉字提要形式给出提醒，要求我们：1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反应某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。第14页故，写图表作文时，常采取三段式谋篇方式，文章第一段往往分析图表中数据改变反应什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势原因。第三段则展望未来情况或提出处理问题方法或提议。这一结构能够简述为：第一段：概述图表反应主题思想第二段：分析产生原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或提议第15页图表类文章写作逻辑结构：图表类文章写作逻辑结构：Paragraph I:Paragraph I:（1 1）描述图表：趋势描写；）描述图表：趋势描写；（2 2）描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。）描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。Paragraph II:Paragraph II:（1 1）提出自己理由和观点；（）提出自己理由和观点；（2 2）细节性分论点）细节性分论点（支持自己观点）。（支持自己观点）。Paragraph III:Paragraph III:（1 1）预测未来和提出处理方法；）预测未来和提出处理方法；（2 2）总结全文和表示作者自己观点。）总结全文和表示作者自己观点。第16页图表式作文描述方法：图表式作文描述方法：第一个情况：第一个情况：横向对比横向对比。描述这种图表需要对比。描述这种图表需要对比各数据间差异，主要以各数据间差异，主要以数值、倍数、排列等方式数值、倍数、排列等方式来描述。来描述。惯用句型：惯用句型：A department has the lowest sales figure in A department has the lowest sales figure in the three departmentsthe three departments，followed by the B followed by the B department and C department.department and C department.The figure of A is about twice as much as that The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.of B.The income from sales is 10 millionThe income from sales is 10 million，making making the company the highest one in sales.the company the highest one in sales.The As income reaches 20 millionThe As income reaches 20 million，which is which is in the middle of the list.in the middle of the list.第17页第二种情况：第二种情况：纵向说明纵向说明。只要指出不一样单位之。只要指出不一样单位之间比较，描述怎样增减，增减幅度怎样，反应出间比较，描述怎样增减，增减幅度怎样，反应出什么问题，就能够了。描述这么图表时，可用以什么问题，就能够了。描述这么图表时，可用以下词汇和句型下词汇和句型:The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June.The trend/increase slowed down in May.The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January.(开始走强)Prices went up by 50%，but the number of smokers maintained.It picked up speed at the end of this year.第18页第三种情况：第三种情况：纵向、横向都有说明纵向、横向都有说明。这种。这种图表不但要注意同一事物改变趋势，也要图表不但要注意同一事物改变趋势，也要注意不一样事物之间差距及改变。注意不一样事物之间差距及改变。表示表示百分比惯用百分比惯用句型：句型：It accounts for 30%of the total population.There are 4 members with masters degrees，making up nearly a quarter of the workforce.Doctors make up 40%of the staff in the hospital.第19页表示表示增加率增加率惯用句型：惯用句型：The figure of income increased by about 200%as compared with ten years ago.The number of students has reached 200，indicating a rise of 4%，compared to last year.惯用词汇及表示法：increase，decrease，rise，fall，slow down，level off，pick up speed，maintain，drop，the trend reverses，decline，gain/lose momentum,a steady/substantial（实质性）increase，a minor/slight/dramatic drop。第20页其它图表式作文惯用句型：其它图表式作文惯用句型：The curves show_in a certain year.It can be seen that _(sth)fluctuates quite substantially in this year.It just increases slightly.The pie charts show the changes_in some place in 1999It can be seen from the chart that the proportions of A and B are going down,though the falling level of the latter is a lot higher/lower than that of the former.第21页The expansion is more noticeable during the second half of the 8-year period.It falls from 30%of the staff in 1990 to 20%in 1998 and then the trend reverses，finishing at 34%in.And A is higher than B except for the months June to September._drops dramatically from about_in January to_in June.The falling trend levels off from_to_，_(sth)goes all the way up to_and then it begins to drop to.第22页 sample In this chart,we can see the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady and slight increase from 1990 to and then remain constant in.Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have witnessed a slow increase from 1990 to and then a great surge from to 7:the biggest surge happens from to.第23页This chart reflects different developing modes of mobile phone industry in developed and developing countries.The developed countries have a limited number of populations,most of whom are well-educated.Therefore,the spreading of the mobile phone service is efficient and soon the market is saturated.Also at the beginning the developed countries have more people who can afford this service.The developing countries have a large population who keeps a large demand for mobile service.As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper,the increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this service.第24页As discussed above,it is not surprising to see this change.In my opinion,this trend that the number of mobile-phone subscriptions is increasingly increasing will continue for a while in the future.第25页Sample 1 What can be clearly seen from the chart above is the proportion of cars sold in domestic market.In general,the figures reveal that the percentage of China-made autos increased from 25 percent in to nearly 35 percent in,while Japan-made cars ran in the opposite direction.Notably,the percentage of U.S.-made cars remained at about 15%stably during that period。第26页 What on earth can be learned from this chart?Studying it further,we may find that simple as it appears,what the illustrator actually aim to convey is by no means simple-home-made autos are becoming increasingly popular among domestic consumers.Indeed,the past couple of years has witnessed an marked rise of the quality of China-made cars.Extensive studies show that cars of foreign brands make up a falling percentage of the market share。第27页 It should be observed,of course,that home-made products will enjoy a much higher proportion in both domestic and overseas market.I am confident that so long as the whole society make substantial and sustainable efforts,our country will surely be better。第28页Sample 2 The chart reflects changes in domestic market share of automobiles of Chinese,Japanese and US brand in and.As is shown in the chart,the market share of home-made automobile increased from 25%to 33%，almost an increase by 50%.In contrast,the Japanese-made automobile was on the decline from 35%to 25%，a decrease by nearly 50%.Meanwhile,the USmade automobiles remain stable in the market share。第29页 Several factors may account for the market share change of the chart.The increase in home-made automobile market share is at least closely related to the following three factors.First,in,Chinese government is enhancing favorable policies to improve domestic automobile production.Meanwhile,we can see that Geely merged with Volvo in,which contributes to the increase of home-made automobile market share.Another obvious evidence we can find is that the poor after-service policy of Japanese automobile toward domestic market,which irritated us Chinese consumers.And the US market policies remain unchanged in this period。第30页 In brief,the trend suggests that as long as we are improving our strategy and service,the home-made automobiles will continue to take a lions share of the auto-market.We look forward to that day。第31页1996 Directions:A Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words.B Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)C Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:1.Interpret the following pictures.2.Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.第32页第33页Sample 1 About Tobacco Consumption From the above set of pictures,we can see that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds of tobacco produced in 1994 and 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.Because the amount of tobacco production is falling yearly,it can be predicted that the tendency of tobacco consumption would also be falling yearly.第34页 There are many reasons.Firstly,smoking wastes money.Every year there are two hundred billion dollars“burnt”in the cigarette“fire.”Secondly,smoking would hardly do people any good and it can even cause cancer.Every year there are three million people“buried”in the cigarette“tomb”.第35页 Although tobacco consumption is falling,there are too many people who smoke.The population in the world is 5.8 billion,but about twenty percent of the population,that is to say 1.1 billion people,smoke.So the situation is serious and the movement against smoking is still a difficult task.第36页Sample 2 We meet smokers everywhere:in the streets,on college campuses and in shops.There are 5.8 billion people in the world,and the smokers are about 1.1 billion,which makes up 20 percent of the worlds total population.第37页 Smoking is very harmful.I think there are two main aspects to the damage.First,smoking consumes a great deal of money.As is shown in the pictorial graph,smiling wastes 200 billion dollars each year in the world.Second,smoking does harm to the health of smokers,and it is the main cause of lung cancer.About 3 million people die because of the relevant diseases derived from smoking every year.第38页 Because more and more people are aware of the great harm of smoking to humans,the amount of tobacco consumption is on the decrease.From the following figures we can clearly see the tendency.The total amount of world tobacco production added up to 14.364 billion pounds in 1994,but it dropped to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.At the same time,many countries call on people to give up smoking.So it is certain that the number of smokers is to decrease.第39页1999 76.Directions:A Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.B Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)C Your essay should cover these three points:1.effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife2.possible reason for the effect3.your suggestion for wildlife protection第40页第41页 From the two graphs,we can draw a conclusion that the rapid growth of the U.S.population resulted in the sharp decline of the number of species of wildlife.According to the statistics,Americas population of 250 million in 1990 is 250 times that of in 1800.In contrast,about 70 wildlife species vanished from the earth in the past 200 years.In other words,Americas population growth has had undesirable effect on its wildlife and will still pose a formidable threat to its wildlife resources if sufficient care is not given.第42页 After a second thought,it is reasonable to think that the growth of human population and the progress of industrialization deprived plants and creatures of living conditions and drove them to extinction.On the one hand,rapidly growing population has occupied vast wild areas to meet American peoples needs to shelter themselves.Apartment buildings,factories,farms,even golf courses all take up land.On the other hand,deforestation,pollution of the air,rivers,ect.have also forced many wildlife species to the unfamiliar environments that they cannot adapt to.For some of them extinction is the only result that could be expected.第43页 Therefore,to protect existing species from extinction,we should take strong measures to stop making wildlife species extinct.One thing is we should strengthen our protection awareness.The other thing is we should set up more mature reserves for wildlife.Otherwise,we should see more species go extinct.In short,the US should deal with the problems mentioned above seriously 第44页第45页