章振邦新编英语语法Lecture10省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Unit 10Verb and Verb Phrase第1页Classification of VerbsDifferent roles played in the formationMain verbsAuxiliariesPrimary auxiliariesModal auxiliariesSemi-auxiliariesTransitive verbsIntransitive verbsLinking verbsComplementationComplementationWord meaningWord meaningDynamic verbsStative verbsWord formationWord formationSingle-word verbsPhrasal verbs P109 P110 P113第2页Classification of VerbsGrammatical FormFinite VerbFinite FormNon-finite VerbNon-finite FormRegular VerbIrregular Verb P116 P117第3页Main Verb(Notional Verb)As As we we know,know,a a verb verb phrase phrase may may consist consist of of a a main main verb verb only;only;this this is is called called a a simple simple verb verb phrasephrase.A A verb verb phrase phrase may may also also take take the the form form of of a a main main verb verb preceded preceded by by one one or or more more auxiliaries;this is called a auxiliaries;this is called a complex verb phrasecomplex verb phrase.Main Main verbs verbs are are also also called called notional notional verbsverbs functioning functioning as as the head and indicating the basic meaning of a verb phrase.the head and indicating the basic meaning of a verb phrase.P108第4页Dynamic Verb Dynamic Dynamic verbs verbs are are verbs verbs that that refer refer to to actions.actions.They They can can be be subclassified subclassified into into three three categories,categories,durative,durative,transitional transitional and and momentary momentary verbsverbs.These These verbs verbs normally normally admit admit of of both both the the progressive progressive and and the the non-progressive non-progressive aspect.aspect.With With momentary momentary verbs,verbs,the the non-progressive non-progressive form form indicates indicates a a single single movement movement and the progressive form indicates a repeated movement.and the progressive form indicates a repeated movement.P111第5页Stative verbs Stative Stative verbs verbs are are verbs verbs that that refer refer to to present present or or past past statesstates.They They are are not not normally normally used used with with the the progressive progressive aspect aspect except except in in certain certain cases cases where where there there is is a a transfer transfer of of meaning.meaning.They They can can be subclassified into 4 categories:be subclassified into 4 categories:i)The 1st subclass includes main verb be and main verb have:Jim is a teacher,but 20 years ago he was a soldier.We have friends all over the world.第6页Stative verbsii)The 2nd subclass includes verbs that include,as part of their meaning,the notion of being and having,such as apply to,belong to,differ from,cost,weigh,measure,fit,hold,lack,resemble,etc.:This rule applies to(=is applicable to)everyone.This house belongs to my brother(=is my brothers property).French differs from(=is different from)English in having gender for all nouns.The auditorium holds(=has a capacity of)2,000 people.第7页Stative verbsiii)The 3rd subclass includes verbs that refer to a sense perception,such as hear,see,feel,taste,smell,etc.:She doesnt hear very well.I(can)see the snow capped peaks of the distant mountains.The material feels soft.The roses smell fragrant.I(can)taste pepper in the soup.It tastes delicious/hot/sweet and sour.第8页Stative verbsiv)The 4th subclass includes verbs that refer to a feeling,a state of mind or an opinion,such as assume,believe,consider(=think),detest,fear,hate,hope,imagine,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,prefer,regret,remember,suppose,think,understand,want,wish,etc.:I believe we have met before?Jim knows Chinese.We understand your difficulty.How I wish I could visit the Grand Canyon!第9页Stative verbs Here are a few examples to illustrate that stative verbs can sometimes be used dynamically and therefore can be used with the progressive aspect,e.g.:He is being foolish(=is acting foolishly).We are having a wonderful time(=are enjoying ourselves).Compare:He resembles his father.He is resembling his father(=is becoming more and more like his father)as the years go by.This camera costs$140.This mistake is costing us dearly(=is bringing great injury to us).P111第10页Phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are verbal idioms which are equivalent to single-word verbs,transitive or intransitive,and which are different from simple verbal combinations where the meanings are easily guessed from the parts.Compare:The lights went out.(S+V)He put on his coat and went out.(S+V+A)Mary came in with the coffee.(S+V+A+A)The bomb went off with a deafening crash.(SVA)He came out with an extraordinary story.(SVO)P115第11页Tense&AspectTenseTense is a grammatical form associated with verbs that tells of is a grammatical form associated with verbs that tells of the the distinctions of timedistinctions of time.AspectAspect as a grammatical term indicates whether an as a grammatical term indicates whether an action or action or statestate at a given time is viewed as at a given time is viewed as complete or incompletecomplete or incomplete.TensePresentPast AspectProgressivePerfective第12页Tense&Aspect A combination of the two tenses and the two aspects makes it possible for a finite verb phrase to take the following 8 forms:The Simple Present/Present IndefiniteThe Simple Past/Past IndefiniteThe Present Progressive/Present ContinuousThe Past Progressive/Past ContinuousThe Present PerfectiveThe Past PerfectiveThe Present Perfective ProgressiveThe Past Perfective ProgressiveP120第13页Active voice and Passive Voice Voice is a grammatical category.It is a form of the verb which shows whether the subject of a sentence acts or is acted on.English verbs have two voices:the active voice and the passive voice.The passive voice is formed by the auxiliary be+-ed participle of the transitive verb.Compare BE-passive&GET-passiveP121第14页Mood Mood,as a grammatical category,is a finite verb form that indicates whether an utterance expresses a fact(indicative mood),a command or request(imperative mood),or a non-fact and hypothesis(subjunctive mood).There are two forms of the subjunctive:be-subjunctive and were-subjunctive.I wish I were young again.If I were you,I would not go there.If he be found guilty,his membership shall be suspended.It is essential that he recognize his faults.P122第15页Finite Verb Phrases and Non-finite Verb Phrasesa)Finite Verb Phrases:Whatever the form of a verb phrase,so long as its first element is finite,it is a finite verb phrase.b)A non-finite verb phrase is a verb phrase whose first element is a non-finite verb form an infinitive,an ing participle or an ed participle.第16页Finite Verb Phrase Forms时体形式时体形式主动态主动态被动态被动态助动词助动词主动词主动词 助动词助动词主动词主动词普通现在时doesis done普经过去时didwas done现在进行体现在进行体is doingis being done过去进行体过去进行体was doingwas being done现在完成体现在完成体has donehas been done过去完成体过去完成体had donehad been done现在完成进行体现在完成进行体has been doing过去完成进行体过去完成进行体had been doing第17页Non-finite Verb Phrase FormsInfinitiveActive VoicePassive VoiceSimple Form(to)do(to)be doneProgressive(to)be doingPerfective(to)have done(to)have been donePerfective Progressive(to)have been doing-ing ParticipleActive VoicePassive VoiceSimple Formdoingbeing donePerfectivehaving donehaving been done第18页